Which of the following statements with regard to drone swarms is/are correct?

1. They use Terahertz band of frequency to communicate with the command centre.
2. Individual drones in the swarm can communicate with other drones in the swarm.
3. GPS Spoofing is a commonly used technique to counter drone swarm attack.

Select the answer using the code given below:

Statement 1 is incorrect: Drone swarms typically use standard radio frequency (RF) bands (such as UHF, VHF, or ISM bands) or satellite communication for long-distance links with a command centre. The Terahertz (THz) band suffers from severe atmospheric attenuation, restricting it to ultra-short-range communications, making it unsuitable for long-range command centre links.

Statement 2 is correct: The defining characteristic of a drone swarm is "swarm intelligence." Individual drones are equipped with mesh networking capabilities, allowing them to communicate with one another, share real-time data, and autonomously coordinate their flight paths and mission objectives without relying solely on central control.

Statement 3 is correct: GPS spoofing is a widely used Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System (C-UAS) electronic warfare technique. By broadcasting fake GPS signals that overpower genuine satellite signals, defenders can deceive the navigation systems of attacking drones, causing them to deviate from their intended targets, hover aimlessly, or crash.