UPSC Mains 2020 GS1 Q13 — Freedom Struggle

• Identify the shift from moderate/extremist politics to the emergence of Socialism, Gandhianism, and Communalism in the 1920s.
• Correlate specific ideologies to the entry of new social groups (e.g., workers via Leftism, peasants via Gandhian Satyagraha).
• Analyze how the organizational restructuring of the Congress post-1920 facilitated this expansion.
• Assess the role of Revolutionary Terrorism and its influence on the youth and urban middle class during this period.

• Writing a chronological history of the freedom struggle instead of an ideology-based analysis.
• Failing to link the ideology to the specific social group (e.g., mentioning Communism without mentioning the Trade Union movement/AITUC).
• Ignoring the '1920s' timeline and discussing 19th-century socio-religious reforms or post-1940 events like Quit India.
• Focusing only on Gandhi while neglecting the Rise of the Left (Nehru, Bose, CPI) and the Akali or Temple Entry movements.

Allocate 50 words to the transition into the 1920s (Gandhian era start), 100 words to mapping ideologies like Socialism and Satyagraha to their respective social bases, 75 words to the specific inclusion of women, youth, and workers, and 25 words for a conclusion on how this mass-base made the movement invincible.