Which one of the following is not a feature of agriculture in India ?

Indian agriculture is primarily characterized by subsistence farming, where small landholders prioritize food crops for self-consumption rather than market sale [1]. This sector faces significant pressure from a rapidly growing population, leading to small landholdings and high labor intensity [2][6]. Furthermore, it remains heavily dependent on the monsoon, with the agricultural cycle revolving around the erratic and unpredictable southwest rainfall [3][4][5]. While India produces various cash crops like sugarcane and cotton, food crops predominate the agricultural landscape to ensure national food security. Therefore, the predominance of cash crops is not a defining feature of Indian agriculture; instead, food grains like rice and wheat are the primary focus for the majority of farmers.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 11: Agriculture - Part II > 11.2 Farming System and Cropping Pattern in India > p. 336
2. [2] FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Primary Activities > Intensive Subsistence Agriculture > p. 27
3. [6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814016346
4. [3] INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate > Monsoons and the Economic Life in India > p. 38
5. [4] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > IRRIgAtIOn SyStEMS In InDIA. > p. 69
6. [5] NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation > Primitive Subsistence Farming > p. 79