After fertilization, the fruit and the seed are produced by

In flowering plants, the process of sexual reproduction involves significant post-fertilization transformations. Following the fusion of male and female gametes, the ovary grows rapidly and ripens to form the fruit [1][2]. Simultaneously, the ovules located within the ovary develop into seeds [2]. The zygote formed during fertilization becomes the embryo within the seed, while the integuments of the ovule typically harden to form the protective seed coat [1]. The ovary wall differentiates into the pericarp, which serves as the fruit wall protecting the seeds. This developmental sequence ensures that the seeds are enclosed within the fruit, aiding in their protection and eventual dispersal [2]. Therefore, the ovary becomes the fruit and the ovule becomes the seed, making option 2 the correct sequence.

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: How do Organisms Reproduce? > 7.3.2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants > p. 121
2. [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 9: Indian Biodiversity Diverse Landscape > J l) EHVlnO,f{:U,EltlT > p. 158