Option 1: J.C. Bose proposed a theory for long distance transport of water in plants. This option is the correct answer.

Option 2: Birbal Sahni was an Indian paleobotanist and geologist. He made significant contributions in the fields of paleobotany and plant evolution but did not propose a theory for the long-distance transport of water in plants.

Option 3: P. Maheshwari was an Indian botanist known for his research on the embryology and reproductive biology of flowering plants. Although he made significant contributions to the field of botany, he did not propose a theory for the long-distance transport of water in plants.

Option 4: N.S. Parihar was an Indian botanist known for his work on plant pathology and plant breeding. He did not propose a theory for the long-distance transport of water in plants.

In conclusion, J.C. Bose is the Indian scientist who proposed a theory for the long-distance transport of water in plants.