With reference to the scholars/litterateurs of ancient India, consider the following statements : 1. Panini is associated with Pushyamitra Shunga. 2. Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana. 3. Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta - II. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Pāṇini lived around the 5th century BCE and his career falls within the era identified with the Nanda dynasty.

High-yield for chronology questions: mastering Panini’s dating links literary history to political history (state formation under the Nandas). Useful for matching cultural developments with dynastic timelines and answering source-based questions on periodisation.

Panini authored the Aṣṭādhyāyī, which became the foundational text for later grammarians and commentators.

Important for questions on intellectual history and continuity: shows how a primary work (Ashtadhyayi) established a grammatical tradition that later scholars (e.g., Katyayana, Patanjali) expanded — links to cultural continuity across dynasties.

Gupta courts patronized Sanskrit scholars and compiled major works, illustrating dynastic roles in fostering literary activity.

Helps answer questions on patronage and the role of courts in cultural production; connects literary output (grammar, poetry, lexicons) to political centres and enables comparative questions about royal support across periods.

Vikramaditya's court included nine eminent scholars (navaratnas), and Amarasimha is listed among them.

High-yield for culture and history questions: explains how royal courts institutionalized literary patronage and lets candidates attribute specific scholars to particular rulers/dynasties. Connects cultural institutional history with identification of major literary figures and their patrons.

Amarakosha is recorded as compiled by Amarasimha during the Gupta period.

Essential for answering questions on Sanskrit literature, lexicography and periodization; helps assign major literary works to historical contexts and supports comparative questions about intellectual production across dynasties.

The Gupta era fostered developments in Sanskrit grammar and produced lexicographical works such as the Amarakosha.

Useful for essays and source-based questions linking political stability to cultural florescence; aids in framing arguments about the Gupta 'golden age' in literature and linguistics and connects to studies of Panini, Patanjali, and later lexicographers.

Kalidasa is named as one of the navaratnas associated with a Gupta ruler's court, illustrating the concept of a royal 'nine jewels' group of eminent scholars.

High-yield for understanding patterns of royal patronage and cultural prestige in ancient India; helps answer questions on how courts promoted literature and identified eminent scholars. It connects to topics on court culture, literary history, and identification of patron-poet relationships.