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Q52 (CDS-I/2026) History & Culture › Art & Architecture

With reference to the Ranigumpha Cave (Odisha), consider the following statements : 1. Ranigumpha Cave is plain and contains no murals or sculptures. 2. Ranigumpha Cave is two-storeyed. 3. Ranigumpha Cave consists of an oval courtyard. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: B

Explanation

Ranigumpha Cave (Queen's Cave) is the largest and most significant cave in the Udayagiri hill complex near Bhubaneswar, Odisha, dating back to the 1st-2nd century BCE (Mahameghavahana dynasty).

  • Statement 1 is incorrect: Ranigumpha is the most elaborately decorated cave in the complex. It is famous for its extensive sculptural friezes and relief carvings depicting royal processions, hunting, dance, and forest life, rather than being plain.
  • Statement 2 is correct: It is a two-storeyed (double-storeyed) monastery or vihara, with cells arranged on three sides of both the lower and upper levels.
  • Statement 3 is incorrect: According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the cave is built around three sides of a rectangular (quadrangular) open courtyard, which is believed to have functioned as an open-air theatre.

Since Statement 1 is false, options A, C, and D are eliminated, leaving B (2 only) as the correct answer.

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