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Q68 (CDS-II/2023) History & Culture › Medieval India › Medieval intellectual culture Answer Verified

Consider the following statements about science in medieval South India: 1. The Katapayadi system of numerals, which was invented by Vararuchi of Kerala, the author of Chandra Vakyas, was used for calculating the position of Moon on any day of the year. 2. Achyuta Pisharati (1550 – 1621) wrote Uparagakriyakrama, a text on eclipses. 3. Ravi Varma of Mahodayapuram set up an observatory and is also said to have inaugurated the Kollam era. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

Statement 1 is correct as Vararuchi of Kerala (c. 4th century CE) is credited with inventing the Katapayadi system of numeration and authoring the Chandra Vakyas (Moon sentences), which consist of 248 numbers used to calculate the longitude and position of the Moon. Statement 2 is correct; Achyuta Pisharati (1550–1621) was a prominent member of the Kerala school of mathematics and astronomy who authored Uparagakriyakrama, a significant treatise on eclipses. Statement 3 is also correct; Ravi Varma (also known as Ravi Kulasekhara) of Mahodayapuram was a patron of science who established an observatory at Mahodayapuram. His court astronomer, Sankaranarayanan, documented these activities in the Vivarana. Historical tradition also links the inauguration of the Kollam era (825 CE) to the Chera rulers of this period. Thus, all three statements regarding medieval South Indian science are accurate.

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