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Which among the following countries in not a founder member of Shanghai Cooperation Organization ?
Explanation
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was officially established on June 15, 2001, in Shanghai, China. The six founding members of the SCO are China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Prior to 2001, five of these nations (excluding Uzbekistan) were part of the "Shanghai Five" mechanism formed in 1996.
Afghanistan is not a founding member. It was granted observer status at the SCO in 2012. Other countries like India and Pakistan joined as full members later in 2017, followed by Iran in 2023 and Belarus in 2024. Therefore, among the given options, Afghanistan is the correct answer as it was never a founding member of the organization.