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Q29
(CISF/2019)
Science & Technology › Basic Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)
Which one of the following cell organelles synthesizes its own proteins involving genes present in its DNA?
Explanation
Plastids (found in plant cells) and mitochondria are considered semi-autonomous organelles. They are unique because they contain their own DNA (extranuclear DNA) and their own ribosomes (typically 70S). This allows them to transcribe their own mRNA and translate it into specific proteins required for their functions, such as photosynthesis in chloroplasts.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: While it is the site of protein synthesis (rough ER), it does not have its own DNA; it relies on instructions from the cell nucleus.
- Plasma membrane: This is the outer boundary of the cell and does not contain genetic material or protein-synthesizing machinery.
- Lysosomes: These are 'suicide bags' containing hydrolytic enzymes. They are formed by the Golgi apparatus and do not possess their own DNA.
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