Krishnadevaraya's capital city Vijayanagara was situated on the banks of

The capital city of the Vijayanagara Empire, Vijayanagara (modern-day Hampi), was situated on the southern bank of the Tungabhadra River in present-day Karnataka. Founded in 1336 by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, the city served as the seat of power for several dynasties, reaching its cultural and political zenith under Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529). The river provided a perennial water source for the city's sophisticated irrigation systems and acted as a natural defensive barrier against northern incursions. While the Krishna River formed the northern boundary of the empire for much of its history, the capital itself was specifically located on the Tungabhadra, a major tributary of the Krishna. The Godavari and Mahanadi rivers are located further north and east, respectively.