In the Mesopotamian records, the Indus Valley region is addressed as

In Mesopotamian cuneiform inscriptions dating to the Akkadian period (c. 2350 BCE), the Indus Valley region is referred to as Meluha. These records describe Meluha as a land of exotic goods, including carnelian, lapis lazuli, ivory, and gold, which matches the archaeological findings of the Harappan Civilization.

• Dilmun is generally identified with the island of Bahrain, serving as a commercial entrepôt between Mesopotamia and the East.
• Magan is identified with the Oman peninsula, famous for its copper resources.
• Uruk was not a foreign land but one of the most significant ancient city-states within Mesopotamia itself.

The identification of Meluha with the Indus region is widely accepted by historians due to the geographical descriptions and the specific trade items mentioned in Sumerian texts.