According to the Classical Theory of Employment, deviations from the state of full employment are

According to the Classical Theory of Employment, full employment is considered the normal state of a capitalist economy [2]. Classical economists, including Pigou and Marshall, believed that any deviation from full employment is purely temporary and abnormal [1]. This perspective is rooted in Say's Law, which posits that 'supply creates its own demand,' ensuring that overproduction and involuntary unemployment cannot persist. The theory assumes that the economic system possesses a built-in self-correcting mechanism driven by wage-price flexibility [1]. If unemployment occurs, competition among workers leads to a fall in money wages, which increases the demand for labor until the equilibrium at full employment is restored [2]. Thus, market forces automatically push the economy back to its natural baseline, making any lapses in employment short-lived anomalies rather than permanent features.

Sources

1. [1] https://moocs.mkclibrary.ac.in/pluginfile.php/9998/mod_resource/content/1/Classical-Theory-of-Employment.pdf
2. [2] https://www.jvwu.ac.in/documents/Classical%20theory%20of%20employment%20II.pdf