Consider the following kinds of organisms : 1. Bat 2. Bee 3. Bird Which of the above is/are pollinating agent/agents?

Pollination is a vital ecosystem service involving the transfer of pollen between flowers. Bees are the most prominent pollinators, specialized for pollen transport and essential for approximately 30 percent of global crops [2]. Birds also serve as significant pollinating agents, particularly in tropical and temperate habitats where they have evolved symbiotic relationships with specific flowering plants [3]. Bats, specifically nectar-feeding and fruit bats (chiropterophily), are critical pollinators for various wild plants and economically important crops like durian [4]. These organisms visit flowers to feed on nectar or pollen, inadvertently transporting pollen grains on their bodies. Collectively, bees, birds, and bats, along with other animals like butterflies and beetles, facilitate the reproduction of nearly 75% to 95% of all flowering plants globally [2]. Therefore, all three organisms listed—bats, bees, and birds—act as pollinating agents.

Sources

1. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 6: Environmental Issues > 6.4. COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER > p. 119
2. [2] https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/why-are-pollinating-bats-birds-bees-butterflies-and-other-animals-important
3. [3] CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife > WILDLIFE > p. 44
4. [4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5677486/