Consider the following : 1. Butterflies 2. Fish 3. Frogs How many of the above have poisonous species among them ?

This snippet explicitly lists 'butterfly' as an insect, establishing that butterflies belong to the biological group (insects) commonly discussed in toxicology and ecology contexts.

A student can use the fact that butterflies are insects to ask whether known insect defensive strategies (e.g., chemical defenses) also occur in butterflies and then check entomological sources.

Explains that certain chemicals (neonicotinoids) act on insect nervous systems and that insects can be differentially affected by chemicals, showing insects as a class interact biologically with toxic compounds.

A student could extend this by noting that if insects respond to and accumulate chemicals, some insect species (potentially including butterflies) might carry or sequester toxins as defenses; this suggests searching for examples of chemically defended insects.

Gives an example (poison dart frogs) of animals that are poisonous because of skin/ingested toxins, demonstrating the ecological pattern that some small animals use chemical defenses.

A student can generalize that chemical defence is a known ecological strategy and therefore plausibly look for analogous strategies in other small animals, including insects like butterflies.

Describes bioassays using insects to determine lethal or effective concentrations of chemicals, implying insects are subjects of toxicological study and can be sensitive to or involved in accumulation of toxins.

A student might infer that because insects are studied for toxicity and chemical interactions, some insect species may possess or accumulate toxins, motivating targeted literature checks for butterflies with chemical defenses.

Shows that environmental materials (plastics) can concentrate toxic organic compounds which affect animals, illustrating the broader point that organisms can accumulate toxins from their diet or environment.

A student could extend this general accumulation pattern to consider whether herbivorous insects (like many butterfly larvae) might sequester plant-produced toxins, prompting a focused search for examples.