Which of the following was/were founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy? 1. Atmiya Sabha 2. Brahmo Samaj 3. Prarthana Samaj 4. Arya Samaj Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy, often hailed as the 'Father of Modern India', founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1814 (or 1815) in Calcutta to propagate monotheistic ideals and campaign against social ills like idolatry and caste rigidities [3]. In August 1828, he established the Brahmo Sabha, which later became known as the Brahmo Samaj, aimed at purifying Hinduism and promoting the worship of one eternal God [1]. In contrast, the Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867, and the Arya Samaj was established in 1875 by Dayananda Saraswati [2]. While Roy's work inspired subsequent reform movements across India, he was directly responsible for the founding of the Atmiya Sabha and the Brahmo Samaj only. Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct, while 3 and 4 are incorrect regarding his direct authorship.

Sources

1. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Socio-Cultural Reform Movements and their Leaders > p. 206
2. [1] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Rise of Nationalism in India > 1.3 Social and Religious Reforms > p. 6
3. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 19: Towards Modernity > SUMMARY > p. 307