In the context of food and nutritional security of India, enhancing the 'Seed Replacement Rates' of various crops helps in achieving the food production targets of the future. But what is/are the constraint/constraints in its wider/greater implementation? 1. There is no National Seeds Policy in place. 2. There is no participation of private sector seed companies in the supply of quality seeds of vegetables and planting materials of horticultural crops. 3. There is a demand-supply gap regarding quality seeds in case of low value and high volume crops. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

This exam-style snippet lists 'There is no National Seeds Policy in place' as a stated constraint affecting seed replacement rates, indicating that the absence of a national policy was considered a possible problem in this context.

A student could take this claim as a lead to check contemporary government documents or policy timelines (circa 2013–2015) to verify whether an official National Seeds Policy existed then.

Describes the Seeds Act, 1966 as the legal framework for seed certification, showing that seed governance relied on older legislation rather than citing a newer national policy.

One could contrast the presence of the 1966 Act with the absence of mention of a National Seeds Policy in these texts to infer the likely policy environment and then verify with external policy records from ~2014.

Notes attempts to amend the 1966 Act (Seeds Bill 2004 did not materialise; Draft Seeds Bill, 2019 later), implying ongoing reform efforts and no settled new legislative/policy regime during the intervening years.

A student could infer that if major legislative reforms were unresolved through 2019, a distinct, formally adopted National Seeds Policy around 2014 was less likely and should be checked against official archives or ministry releases from 2014.

Provides data on low usage of certified and hybrid seeds and defines Seed Replacement Ratio, highlighting recognized problems that a National Seeds Policy might address.

One could use these performance indicators as reason to expect either an existing national policy addressing them or policy discussions; checking policy documents or official strategies from 2014 would clarify which was true.