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In India, cluster bean (Guar) is traditionally used as a vegetable or animal feed, but recently the cultivation of this has assumed significance. Which one of the following statements is correct in this context?
Explanation
Guar gum is a novel agrochemical processed from endosperm of cluster bean.[1] While cluster bean has traditionally been used as a vegetable or animal feed in India, its cultivation has recently gained economic importance due to guar gum extraction. Guar gum is widely used in the extraction of shale gas,[2] where it acts as a thickening agent in hydraulic fracturing[3] (fracking). Guar gum is largely used in the form of guar gum powder as an additive in food, pharmaceuticals, paper, textile, explosive, oil well drilling and cosmetics industry.[1] The surge in shale gas exploration globally, particularly in the United States, created significant demand for guar gum, making option B the correct answer. The other options regarding biodegradable plastics, anti-histamine properties, or biodiesel production are not supported by evidence in relation to cluster bean.
Sources- [1] https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2111032.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis was a 'Headline Commodity' question. In 2012-13, Guar gum became India's top agri-export due to the US shale gas boom. The lesson: When a mundane crop suddenly spikes in export data, identify the specific industrial application driving that demand.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is the oil extracted from the seeds of cluster bean (guar) in India used in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics?
- Statement 2: Is the gum (guar gum) made from seeds of cluster bean (guar) in India used in the extraction of shale gas (hydraulic fracturing)?
- Statement 3: Does the leaf extract of cluster bean (guar) in India have antihistamine properties?
- Statement 4: Is cluster bean (guar) in India a source of high-quality biodiesel?
- Explicitly states the cultivated significance comes from gum extracted from seeds, not seed oil.
- States guar gum is widely used in shale gas extraction (hydraulic fracturing), indicating the primary industrial use is gum-related rather than seed oil for biodegradable plastics.
- Describes guar gum (from cluster bean endosperm) as the major processed product and lists its industrial uses.
- Mentions applications (food, pharmaceuticals, paper, textile, oil well drilling, cosmetics) for guar gum, with no mention of seed oil being used for biodegradable plastics.
Defines oilseeds as sources of edible and industrial oils and lists many oilseed crops (e.g., castor, jatropha, hemp) used as raw-materials for non-food uses.
A student could use this rule (some oilseed oils serve industrial uses) plus external knowledge about which specific seed oils are used in polymer/bioplastic production to check whether guar/cluster bean oil appears among them.
Lists main oilseeds in India and notes that while most are edible, some are also used as raw material in soap, cosmetics and ointments (i.e., industrial applications).
Since cluster bean (guar) is not listed among main oilseeds here, a student could use a crop distribution map or production statistics to judge whether guar seed oil is produced at scale in India to plausibly support industrial bioplastic manufacture.
Gives an example (groundnut) where seed oil has multiple industrial uses (soap, cosmetics, lubricants, stearin), illustrating that vegetable oils can be feedstocks for diverse industrial products.
A student could compare known industrial uses of groundnut oil with documented applications of guar seed oil (from external sources) to see if bioplastic manufacture is a plausible industrial use for guar oil.
States oil-seed crops are cultivated for edible, industrial, or medicinal purposes and lists common oilseed species, reinforcing that some seed oils serve industrial purposes.
Using this general rule, a student could look up properties (composition, fatty acid profile) of guar seed oil externally to assess whether it matches typical feedstock profiles used in bioplastic synthesis.
Shows an oil crop (oil-palm) is explicitly used for both culinary and industrial processes, demonstrating the dual food/industrial role of plant oils.
A student could extend this example by checking whether guar seed oil has comparable industrial-scale extraction and documented industrial applications (e.g., polymers) to support potential use in biodegradable plastics.
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