The Ghadr (Ghadar) was a

States Lala Hardayal settled in San Francisco and founded the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association (popularly called Ghadar) and that the party published the journal Ghadar beginning publication from San Francisco.

A student could combine this with basic geography (San Francisco on the US west coast) and the fact that a movement publishing its journal from a city suggests an organizational base there, to judge plausibility of a San Francisco headquarters.

Explicitly says the Ghadr Party was organised around a weekly newspaper with its headquarters at San (fragment continues to San Francisco in related snippet).

Use the pattern that revolutionary diasporic movements often center where their press is located to infer that a newspaper-centred group likely had its headquarters where the paper was produced.

Notes branches along the US coast and Far East and that activists reached there by 1911, culminating in establishment of the Ghadr in 1913 (context implies US/West Coast base).

A student could map the mentioned coastal branches and infer a Pacific-coast hub (San Francisco) consistent with a headquarters there.

Says the United States of America and Canada had established the Ghadar Party in 1913 and describes its international membership and revolutionary aims.

Combine this rule/example (Ghadar formed in North America in 1913) with city-level evidence to assess whether San Francisco is a plausible headquarter location for a North American-based revolutionary association.

Lists Singapore among countries where the Ghadar Party had active members, implying Ghadar activity existed there.

A student could check basic maps or diaspora routes to judge whether 'having active members in Singapore' could be conflated with 'operating from Singapore' or simply being present there.

Says the Ghadr Party had its headquarters and was organised around a newspaper with headquarters at San (San Francisco implied elsewhere), indicating a primary base outside Singapore.

Combine this with the knowledge that an organisation's HQ usually denotes its operating base to assess whether Singapore was the movement's main operating centre.

Specifies Ghadar (Ghadar) was published from San Francisco, showing central organisational and publishing activity centred in North America rather than Singapore.

A student could use this to argue that primary operations were likely from San Francisco and not Singapore, unless evidence shows a separate Singapore HQ.

Describes the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association/Ghadar Party being founded in San Francisco with immigrant Sikh members, reinforcing a North American origin.

Use basic historical/geographical context (San Francisco as a diaspora hub) to infer that the movement's core organisation operated from there rather than from Singapore.

States the Ghadr was organised in North America by named leaders, again indicating organisational roots in North America rather than Singapore.

A student could contrast the named North American organising centres with the merely listed presence in Singapore to judge whether 'operating from Singapore' is supported.

Specifically names the Ghadr Party's headquarters as 'San...' (implying San Francisco), suggesting its base was in North America rather than Berlin.

A student could check a world map or recall major immigrant hubs to confirm San Francisco as a North American headquarters and contrast that with Berlin.

States Lala Hardayal settled in San Francisco and founded the organization popularly called the Ghadar Party, tying Ghadar's origin and HQ to San Francisco.

Use the explicit San Francisco location to judge whether Berlin could plausibly be Ghadar's headquarters (compare cities).

Says the United States and Canada had established the Ghadar Party in 1913 and lists its global branches, indicating its core base was in North America, not Europe.

A student could infer that an organization founded/established in the US/Canada is unlikely to have had its main headquarters in Berlin without further specific evidence.

Describes the Ghadr programme as militant (assassinations, arms procurement, revolts), supporting that the movement was militant in nature.

Combine this definition of militant tactics with the location clues to separately evaluate the two parts of the statement (militant vs. Berlin HQ).

Mentions a separate 'Berlin Committee for Indian Independence' and lists Ghadar organisation activity in North America, implying distinct entities and locations for Ghadar and the Berlin group.

A student could use the distinction to suspect that Berlin hosted a separate committee, not the Ghadar Party's headquarters, and then verify by checking which group was based where.

States Lala Hardayal founded the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association (popularly called Ghadar Party) and that the party and its journal began publication from San Francisco in 1913.

A student could combine this with a world map and timelines to note that the Ghadar Party’s base was in North America (San Francisco), not Tashkent, suggesting a different headquarters location.

Explicitly describes the Ghadr Party as a revolutionary group organised around a weekly newspaper with its headquarters at San... (implying San Francisco).

Use this to contrast claimed Tashkent headquarters by checking geographic and archival records of the Ghadar Party’s known base in the United States.

Says the Ghadar Party was established in the United States and Canada in 1913 and pledged revolutionary war against the British—emphasising its diasporic, militant-nationalist character.

Combine with knowledge of communist organisational centres (e.g., Tashkent later hosting communist activity) to separate Ghadar’s diasporic militant nationalism from later communist hubs.

Evaluates the Ghadr movement as preaching militant nationalism with a completely secular approach and criticises its organisational weaknesses—no mention of communist ideology.

A student could extend this by comparing ideological descriptions (militant nationalism vs. explicit communist ideology) to judge whether Ghadar was a communist movement.

States the Communist Party of India was formed in Tashkent in 1920 by M.N. Roy and others, linking Tashkent specifically to early Indian communist organisation.

A student can use this to infer that Tashkent is associated with the formation of Indian communist organisation (1920), not with the Ghadar Party (1913), helping separate the two claims by timeline and location.