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Q81 (IAS/2015) Economy › Basic Concepts & National Income › Economic growth indicators Official Key

With reference to Indian economy, consider the following statements : 1. The rate of growth of Real Gross Domestic Product has steadily increased in the last decade. 2. The Gross Domestic Product at market prices (in rupees) has steadily increased in the last decade. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is option B - statement 2 only is correct.

**Statement 1 is incorrect**: The rate of growth of Real GDP did NOT increase steadily during 2005-2014. India experienced significant fluctuations in growth rates during this period. The economy achieved high growth rates of around 9-10% during 2005-2007, but then faced a sharp slowdown due to the global financial crisis of 2008-09. Growth rates declined to around 6.7% in 2008-09 and further decelerated to below 5% during 2012-13 and 2013-14. This clearly shows the growth rate was volatile, not steadily increasing.

**Statement 2 is correct**: Nominal GDP at market prices (measured in rupees) did increase steadily year-on-year throughout the decade. Even when real GDP growth slowed down, nominal GDP continued to rise due to the combination of positive (though fluctuating) real growth and inflation. Nominal GDP accounts for both quantity changes and price changes, so it typically shows a consistent upward trend even during periods of economic slowdown, as long as there is positive growth and inflation.

The key distinction is between the "rate of growth" (which fluctuated) versus the absolute "value" of nominal GDP (which rose steadily).

Sources
  1. [1] https://data360files.worldbank.org/data360-data/data/IMF_WEO/IMF_WEO_NID_NGDP.csv
  2. [2] https://data360files.worldbank.org/data360-data/data/IMF_WEO/IMF_WEO_NID_NGDP.csv
  3. [3] https://data360files.worldbank.org/data360-data/data/IMF_WEO/IMF_WEO_NID_NGDP.csv
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Q. With reference to Indian economy, consider the following statements : 1. The rate of growth of Real Gross Domestic Product has steadily …
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 0/10
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This is a classic 'Trend vs. Fluctuation' trap. The exam tests if you understand the difference between a variable rising (Level) and its speed of rising (Rate). Strategy: In a developing economy, absolute numbers (Nominal GDP) usually go up, but rates (Growth %) always fluctuate due to business cycles.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
For the Indian economy, did the annual rate of growth of real Gross Domestic Product (real GDP) increase steadily year-on-year during the decade 2005–2014 (the ten years preceding 2015)?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Macro Economy > 1.12 Nominal and Real GDP > p. 19
Strength: 5/5
“So, economic growth from 2011-12 to 2012-13 will be measured by change in Real GDP (and not nominal GDP) which is 11.2 % In the above example, Real GDP is steadily/consistently increasing from 2011-12 to 2014- 15 but "change in real GDP" is decreasing from 11.2% to 4.6%. (And same is true for nominal GDP also). Above is a case of economic growth as real GDP is increasing. To calculate GDP at market prices, first we calculate GDP at factor cost/basic prices and then we separately add the governments total indirect taxes including both GST and non-GST tax revenue of Central and State governments.”
Why relevant

Gives a clear example and rule: real GDP level can rise steadily while the percentage change (growth rate) falls (11.2% → 4.6%).

How to extend

A student could apply this distinction to 2005–2014 year‑by‑year data to check whether growth rates rose or fell even if output levels rose.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Macro Economy > 1.14 Potential GDP > p. 23
Strength: 5/5
“Let us take an example to understand recession. • Year: Real GDP; 2012: Rs.100; Col3: ; 2013: Rs.108; Col5: ; 2014: Rs.112; Col7: ; 2015: Rs.115 • Year: Real GDP growth; 2012: ; Col3: 8%; 2013: ; Col5: 3.7%; 2014: ; Col7: 2.7%; 2015: In the above example the country is not going through any recession as real GDP (output) of the economy is still increasing even if the growth rate of GDP is decreasing. The recession occurs when the growth rate of GDP becomes negative or output starts decreasing. The above is a case of economic (growth) slowdown and not recession.”
Why relevant

Provides a numeric example where real GDP increases across years but growth rates decline (8%, 3.7%, 2.7%), illustrating a growth‑slowdown pattern.

How to extend

Compare the 2005–2014 sequence of annual growth rates to see if they show a similar monotonic rise or the opposite slowdown.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Macro Economy > 1.12 Nominal and Real GDP > p. 18
Strength: 4/5
“And if we want to calculate the Nominal GDP of 2014-15 then we will have to take the quantities produced in 2014-15 and the market prices of the same year i.e., 2014-15. Before 2015, NSO was not using market prices to calculate GDP, rather it was using Factor Cost i.e., Market Price excluding indirect taxes and subsidies. Now, as per the global best practices and the IMF's World Economic Outlook projections based on GDP at market prices, India has changed its methodology of GDP calculation at market prices. In India, economic growth is measured by real GDP i.e., GDP at constant Market Prices.”
Why relevant

Notes a change in GDP computation methodology around 2015 (factor cost → market prices), signalling that measurement conventions may affect comparability across periods.

How to extend

When examining 2005–2014 growth rates, ensure the student uses consistently computed series (or adjusts for methodological breaks) before judging steadiness.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 1: National Income > 2015 > p. 19
Strength: 3/5
“• 4. With reference to Indian economy, consider the following statements: • 1. The rate of growth of Real GDP has steadily increased in the last decade. • 2. The GDP at MP (in rupees) has steadily increased in the last decade. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? • (a) 1 only• (c) Both 1 and 2 • (b) 2 only• (d) Neither 1 nor 2 \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}} • 5. Economic growth in country X will necessarily have to occur if • (a) there is technical progress in the world economy. • (b) there is population growth in X. • (c) there is capital formation in X. • (d) the volume of trade grows in the world economy.”
Why relevant

Shows this exact proposition appears as an exam-style statement ('The rate of growth of Real GDP has steadily increased in the last decade'), implying it is a commonly questioned/contestable claim.

How to extend

Use the hint that the claim is contested to motivate checking actual year‑wise growth figures for 2005–2014 rather than assuming it true.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Macro Economy > 1.19 Previous Years Questions > p. 34
Strength: 3/5
“In the context of Indian economy, consider the following statements: [2011] • (i) The growth rate of GDP has steadily increased in the last five years• (ii) The growth rate in per capita income has steadily increased in the last five years Which of the following statements given above is/are correct? • (a) (i) only• (b) (ii) only• (c) Both (i) & (ii)• (d) Neither (i) nor (ii)• 4. Economic growth in country X will necessarily have to occur if [2013] • (a) There is technical progress in the world economy• (b) There is population growth in X• (c) There is capital formation in X• (d) The volume of trade grows in world economy• 5.”
Why relevant

Another past-question framing the proposition for a five‑year period, indicating test writers treat 'steady increase in growth rate' as a distinct, checkable property.

How to extend

Extend the same approach used for five‑year checks to the full 2005–2014 period: obtain annual growth rates and test if each year exceeds the previous.

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