With reference to an organization known as 'BirdLife International', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is a Global Partnership of Conservation Organizations. 2. The concept of 'biodiversity hotspots' originated from this organization. 3. It identifies the sites known/referred to as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas'. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explicitly names 'Birdlife International (formerly ICBP)' in a list of international conservation organisations, implying it is an established actor in that international network.

A student could combine this with basic knowledge that organisations listed alongside global bodies (e.g., IUCN, WWF) are typically international partnerships to infer BirdLife likely operates at an international, networked scale.

Lists several national and regional bird conservation groups (e.g., Bird Conservation Nepal, Bombay Natural History Society, RSPB) in a context of partnership and programs for bird conservation.

A student could use a world map and these named organisations to infer the existence of cross-country cooperation among bird groups, consistent with a global partnership model such as BirdLife linking national partners.

Describes IUCN's role in bringing governments, NGOs, UN agencies and local communities together to develop and implement policy—illustrating a common organisational model of global conservation partnerships.

A student can generalise this pattern (international conservation bodies convene diverse national NGOs) and consider BirdLife as possibly following the same partnership model.

Gives an example of multiple conservation organisations (Conservation International, IUCN, IOC of UNESCO) collaborating with governments and NGOs globally, showing that global conservation work is often structured as partnerships.

A student could apply this general rule (conservation work frequently uses multi-organisation global partnerships) to hypothesize that BirdLife might be organised similarly.

Enumerates international conservation conventions and networks (e.g., Ramsar, CMS, TRAFFIC), indicating a broader ecosystem of global cooperative frameworks in which organisations like BirdLife would plausibly participate.

Using the existence of these global networks, a student might check whether BirdLife is a participant or partner within such international frameworks, supporting the idea of it being a global partnership.

Explicitly names BirdLife International among international conservation organisations, establishing it as an actor in global bird conservation.

A student could infer that an organisation focused on birds might create site-based designations (then check BirdLife sources or global site lists to verify IBAs).

Describes the strategy of demarcating protected areas and focusing on critical habitats (nesting, feeding, breeding) for conservation.

Combine this rule with knowledge that bird-focused NGOs often map critical bird habitats to conclude such an NGO could identify Important Bird Areas.

Shows IUCN (an international body) identifies and names site-based conservation categories (biodiversity hotspots), giving a pattern of international bodies labeling important areas.

Use this pattern to reason that other international conservation organisations (like BirdLife) might likewise identify and name priority bird sites.

Lists specialised bird conservation organisations (e.g., Bird Conservation Nepal, RSPB), indicating a network of groups dedicated to bird protection.

From the existence of such specialist groups, a student could expect coordinated efforts (by a lead body like BirdLife) to define important bird sites regionally/globally.

Identifies 'habitat for migratory birds' and other sensitive bird-related places as categories of environmentally sensitive sites worth listing.

A student could extend this by noting that a bird-focused NGO might catalog such habitats into a formal list (e.g., IBAs) and then look for that list externally.