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With reference to an organization known as 'BirdLife International', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is a Global Partnership of Conservation Organizations. 2. The concept of 'biodiversity hotspots' originated from this organization. 3. It identifies the sites known/referred to as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas'. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Explanation
BirdLife International is the largest global partnership of national nature conservation organisations with 115 Partners in 112 countries[1], and it is a global partnership of non-governmental organizations that strives to conserve birds[2]. Therefore, **Statement 1 is correct**.
The concept of 'biodiversity hotspots' did not originate from BirdLife International. This concept was developed by Norman Myers in the late 1980s to identify regions with exceptional concentrations of endemic species facing exceptional loss of habitat. **Statement 2 is incorrect**.
Since the launch of the IBA concept by BirdLife (then ICBP) in 1979, IBAs have been identified in over 200 countries and territories worldwide[3], and these include the 12,000 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) identified by BirdLife International[4]. Therefore, **Statement 3 is correct**.
The correct answer is **Option C (1 and 3 only)**.
Sources- [1] https://www.birdlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/birds_and_biodiversity_targets_report.pdf
- [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BirdLife_International
- [3] https://datazone.birdlife.org/about-our-science/ibas
- [4] https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2016-048.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis question hinges on a classic 'Entity Swap' trap in Statement 2. While Statements 1 and 3 require specific knowledge of the NGO, Statement 2 is a standard static fact found in every basic ecology textbook (Norman Myers). If you knew your static basics, the specific NGO details became secondary.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"With 115 Partners in 112 countries, BirdLife International is the largest global partnership of national nature conservation organisations."
Why this source?
- Explicitly calls BirdLife International a global partnership.
- Specifies scale: 115 Partners in 112 countries and describes them as national nature conservation organisations.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"BirdLife International is a global partnership of non-governmental organizations that strives to conserve birds"
Why this source?
- Direct statement that BirdLife International is a global partnership.
- Identifies the partners as non-governmental organizations focused on conservation (birds).
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Developed by the KBA Partnership: BirdLife International, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International"
Why this source?
- Shows BirdLife International acting as a partner among multiple well-known conservation organizations.
- Illustrates BirdLife's participation in international conservation partnerships (KBA Partnership).
- Explicitly calls BirdLife International a global partnership.
- Specifies scale: 115 Partners in 112 countries and describes them as national nature conservation organisations.
- Direct statement that BirdLife International is a global partnership.
- Identifies the partners as non-governmental organizations focused on conservation (birds).
- Shows BirdLife International acting as a partner among multiple well-known conservation organizations.
- Illustrates BirdLife's participation in international conservation partnerships (KBA Partnership).
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > E., |.V.,tr , > p. 398
Strength: 5/5
“• R. Birdlife International (formerly ICBP) • Z. IUCN * The International Union for the Conservation of Nature • 3. IWMI The International Water Management Institute • 4. Wetlands International (formerly IWRB, the Asian Wetlands Bureau, and Wetlands for the Americas) • 5. WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) International”
Why relevant
Explicitly names 'Birdlife International (formerly ICBP)' in a list of international conservation organisations, implying it is an established actor in that international network.
How to extend
A student could combine this with basic knowledge that organisations listed alongside global bodies (e.g., IUCN, WWF) are typically international partnerships to infer BirdLife likely operates at an international, networked scale.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 16: Conservation Efforts > Partners > p. 238
Strength: 4/5
“• Bird Conservation Nepal, Bombay Natural History Society (India), International Centre for Birds of Prey (UK), National Trust for Nature Conservation (Nepal), Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (UK) • Asia's first 'Gyps Vulture Reintroduction Programme' launched at Pinjore. Two Himalayan Griffons were released into the wild from the Jatayu Conservation Breeding Centre, Pinjore”
Why relevant
Lists several national and regional bird conservation groups (e.g., Bird Conservation Nepal, Bombay Natural History Society, RSPB) in a context of partnership and programs for bird conservation.
How to extend
A student could use a world map and these named organisations to infer the existence of cross-country cooperation among bird groups, consistent with a global partnership model such as BirdLife linking national partners.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > Missionss > p. 403
Strength: 4/5
“To influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversiry of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable.
IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects globally and brings governments, nongovernment organizations, United Nations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop and implement policy.
IUCN Members include both States and nongovernmental organizations'
A neutral forum for governments, NGOs, scientists, business and local communities to find practical solutions to conservation and development challenges.”
Why relevant
Describes IUCN's role in bringing governments, NGOs, UN agencies and local communities together to develop and implement policy—illustrating a common organisational model of global conservation partnerships.
How to extend
A student can generalise this pattern (international conservation bodies convene diverse national NGOs) and consider BirdLife as possibly following the same partnership model.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 21: Mitigation Strategies > zt.z A, International Cooperation > p. 283
Strength: 3/5
“Conservation International (CI), the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO is collaborating with governments, research institutions, -non-governmental and international organizations, and communities around the world to • Develop management approaches, financial incentives and policy mechanisms for ensuring conservation and restoration of coastal Blue Carbon ecosystems; • Engage local, national, and international governments to ensure policies and regulations support coastal Blue Carbon conservation, management and financing; • Develop comprehensive methods for coastal carbon accounting; • Develop incentive mechanisms such as carbon payment schemes for Blue Carbon projects; and • Implement projects around the world that demonstrate the feasibility of coastal Blue Carbon accounting, management, and incentive agreements; • Support scientific research into the role and importance of coastal Blue Carbon ecosystems for climate change mitigation.”
Why relevant
Gives an example of multiple conservation organisations (Conservation International, IUCN, IOC of UNESCO) collaborating with governments and NGOs globally, showing that global conservation work is often structured as partnerships.
How to extend
A student could apply this general rule (conservation work frequently uses multi-organisation global partnerships) to hypothesize that BirdLife might be organised similarly.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > Nature conservation > p. 389
Strength: 3/5
“tA5
• r. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) • e. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) • 3. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands • 4. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) • 5. The Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network (TRAFFIC) • 6. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS) • 7. Coalition Against Wildlife Trafficking (CAWT) • 8. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) • g.”
Why relevant
Enumerates international conservation conventions and networks (e.g., Ramsar, CMS, TRAFFIC), indicating a broader ecosystem of global cooperative frameworks in which organisations like BirdLife would plausibly participate.
How to extend
Using the existence of these global networks, a student might check whether BirdLife is a participant or partner within such international frameworks, supporting the idea of it being a global partnership.
Explicitly names 'Birdlife International (formerly ICBP)' in a list of international conservation organisations, implying it is an established actor in that international network.
A student could combine this with basic knowledge that organisations listed alongside global bodies (e.g., IUCN, WWF) are typically international partnerships to infer BirdLife likely operates at an international, networked scale.
Lists several national and regional bird conservation groups (e.g., Bird Conservation Nepal, Bombay Natural History Society, RSPB) in a context of partnership and programs for bird conservation.
A student could use a world map and these named organisations to infer the existence of cross-country cooperation among bird groups, consistent with a global partnership model such as BirdLife linking national partners.
Describes IUCN's role in bringing governments, NGOs, UN agencies and local communities together to develop and implement policy—illustrating a common organisational model of global conservation partnerships.
A student can generalise this pattern (international conservation bodies convene diverse national NGOs) and consider BirdLife as possibly following the same partnership model.
Gives an example of multiple conservation organisations (Conservation International, IUCN, IOC of UNESCO) collaborating with governments and NGOs globally, showing that global conservation work is often structured as partnerships.
A student could apply this general rule (conservation work frequently uses multi-organisation global partnerships) to hypothesize that BirdLife might be organised similarly.
Enumerates international conservation conventions and networks (e.g., Ramsar, CMS, TRAFFIC), indicating a broader ecosystem of global cooperative frameworks in which organisations like BirdLife would plausibly participate.
Using the existence of these global networks, a student might check whether BirdLife is a participant or partner within such international frameworks, supporting the idea of it being a global partnership.
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