Question map
Which one of the following was given classical language status recently?
Explanation
Odia was declared a classical language in 2014[2], making it the most recent language to receive this status before the question year of 2015.
The chronology of classical language declarations shows Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005), Telugu (2008), Kannada (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014)[1]. Among the given options, Odia is the only language that had received classical language status by 2015.
Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Assamese had not been granted classical language status at the time this question was asked in 2015. Languages declared as classical receive benefits including major international awards for scholars, establishment of Centres of Excellence for Studies in Classical Languages, and support for academic positions in universities[1].
Therefore, Odia is the correct answer as it was the most recently designated classical language before 2015.
Sources- [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > Benefits > p. 543
- [2] https://indianexpress.com/article/upsc-current-affairs/upsc-essentials/upsc-mains-indian-languages-classical-eighth-schedule-endangered-10048163/
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Current Affairs to Static' conversion. Odia was declared classical in 2014; the question appeared in 2015. It tests your awareness of recent updates to exclusive government lists (like Classical Languages, National Parties, or PVTGs). If a list is short (<15 items) and gets a new member, it is mandatory memorization.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Was Odia declared a classical language of India by the Government of India?
- Statement 2: Was Konkani declared a classical language of India by the Government of India?
- Statement 3: Was Bhojpuri declared a classical language of India by the Government of India?
- Statement 4: Was Assamese declared a classical language of India by the Government of India?
- Contains a table titled 'Language Status' listing languages declared as Classical Languages.
- Explicitly shows 'Odia' with a Year of Declaration given as 2014.
- Directly ties Odia to the official list of Classical Languages in the source.
- Lists the languages that have been given classical status and does not include Konkani.
- Specifically names Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013) and Odia (2014) as classical languages.
- States which language was first declared a classical language (Tamil in 2004), indicating classical status assignments and their recipients.
- Does not attribute classical status to Konkani in the cited lines about classical languages.
States that a 'classical language' category was created in 2004 and that so far six languages have been granted classical status — implying only a small, enumerated set hold that title.
A student could compare the official list of those six languages (from Government releases or reliable summaries) to see if Konkani is among them.
Gives the explicit eligibility criteria (antiquity, body of ancient literature, originality) used to judge classical-language claims.
A student could assess whether Konkani meets these criteria (using dated texts or linguistic histories) to judge plausibility of its classical status.
Lists Konkani among the Constitutionally recognised (Eighth Schedule) regional languages — showing it has official/constitutional recognition but not equating that with classical status.
A student could note that Eighth Schedule inclusion is distinct from 'classical' designation and therefore seek a separate government declaration/list for classical languages.
Records Konkani's addition to the Eighth Schedule (by the 71st Amendment) and its official status in Goa, which documents its recognized status but not a classical-language grant.
A student could use this to argue that legal/constitutional recognition of Konkani exists, but must still check a separate classical-language announcement to confirm or refute the statement.
Contains a practice question asking which of Gujarati, Kannada, Telugu have been declared 'Classical Language/ Languages', demonstrating that some widely-known southern languages are classical and that such declarations are tested facts.
A student could use similar authoritative question-sets or government lists as a model to verify whether Konkani has been listed as classical.
- Explicitly lists the languages that have been given classical language status and the recent additions, none of which is Bhojpuri.
- States the total number of officially designated classical languages (11) after recent grants, implying Bhojpuri is not among them.
- Identifies Tamil as the first Indian language declared a classical language by the Government of India in 2004, not Bhojpuri.
- Demonstrates which languages have been recognized historically, giving context that Bhojpuri is not cited as a classical language here.
States there is a distinct 'classical language' category created in 2004 and that, so far, only six languages have been granted that status.
A student can list the six officially granted languages from an authoritative source and check whether Bhojpuri appears among them (if not, the statement is likely false).
Gives the formal criteria for a language to be eligible for classical status (antiquity 1500–2000 years, body of ancient literature, original tradition).
A student could assess whether Bhojpuri meets these criteria using basic historical/literary facts (e.g., age of earliest Bhojpuri texts) to judge plausibility of it being declared classical.
Explains that Bhojpuri is often grouped under 'Hindi' in census/language classification and is not listed among the 22 Scheduled Languages.
A student could infer that since Bhojpuri is treated as a Hindi variety in official groupings, it is less likely to have been separately elevated to a rare official category like 'classical language' unless specifically listed in the six.
Contains an example question about which languages have been declared classical, implying that only certain known languages (e.g., Kannada, Telugu) are recognised as classical.
A student can use such examples to form a shortlist of languages commonly cited as classical and compare that shortlist to Bhojpuri to test the claim.
- States that the Language Expert Committee recommended Assamese for classical status (July 25, 2024).
- Says that in October the recommended languages were granted 'Classical Language' status, implying Assamese was included.
- Explicitly lists Assamese among languages to which the Government of India has awarded the distinction of 'classical language'.
- Directly attributes the classical-language status to the Government of India.
States that the Government of India created a 'classical language' category and that six languages have been granted this status.
A student could obtain the official list of the six named classical languages and check whether Assamese is on that list.
Gives the formal criteria used by the Government of India to determine eligibility for classical-language status (antiquity, body of literature, originality).
A student could compare Assamese historical texts and literary tradition (using standard historical references) against these criteria to assess plausibility of its inclusion.
Contains a sample question about which languages (Gujarati, Kannada, Telugu) have been declared classical, implying there is a known finite set used in examinations.
A student could use such exam-style lists or past official announcements to narrow down which languages have been declared and see if Assamese appears in those lists.
Lists Assamese among the languages included in the Eighth Schedule (official/regional languages of India).
A student could note that being in the Eighth Schedule is distinct from classical status, so they should check the separate official classical-language declarations rather than assume Eighth Schedule membership implies classical status.
Describes Assamese as having a distinctive character and places it within a language group (Bengal-Assam group), providing linguistic context.
A student could use linguistic classification and age/origin information from language histories or maps to evaluate whether Assamese meets the antiquity/originality criteria mentioned.
- [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct hit from Laxmikanth (Chapter: Official Languages) and 2014 newspapers.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Ministry of Culture's Language Policy & The Eighth Schedule vs. Classical Status distinction.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the timeline: Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005), Telugu/Kannada (2008), Malayalam (2013), Odia (2014). **Update for 2025**: Note the 2024 additions (Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, Bengali). Know the 3 Criteria: Antiquity (1500-2000 yrs), Originality, and Distinctness from modern forms.
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Always differentiate between 'Constitutional Recognition' (Eighth Schedule, 22 languages) and 'Cultural Recognition' (Classical Status). Bhojpuri is a frequent trap because there is a political demand for Eighth Schedule status, not Classical status.
Reference [1] provides the official list of languages declared 'Classical' with corresponding years (includes Odia: 2014).
Knowing the officially declared classical languages and their declaration years is high-yield for UPSC prelims/GS: direct factual questions and timeline-based prompts. It connects to culture, language policy and heritage topics. Prepare by memorizing the list and associating declaration years with major government notifications.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > Benefits > p. 543
Reference [2] lists the eligibility criteria used by the Government to designate a language as 'Classical'.
Questions often probe conceptual criteria rather than only names—understanding the four criteria helps answer analytical and application-type questions in mains and interviews. Study by linking criteria to examples (e.g., Sanskrit, Tamil) and past declarations.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > Criteria > p. 544
Reference [9] shows Odia listed among the Constitution's Scheduled Languages, distinguishing constitutional recognition from 'Classical' status shown in [1].
UPSC tests nuanced distinctions in language policy (Scheduled Languages, official languages, classical language declarations). Mastering these categories aids in accuracy for both prelim factual questions and mains answers on language policy. Compare lists and legal bases when revising.
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 35: TABLES > LANGUAGES > p. 558
References describe the creation (2004) of the 'classical language' category and list the official criteria used to grant that status.
High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask which languages have 'classical' status and on what basis such status is awarded. Understanding the formal criteria helps eliminate options and evaluate whether a language qualifies. Study official criteria, key dates, and examples of languages granted the status.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > CLASSICAL LANGUAGE STATUS > p. 543
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > Criteria > p. 544
Evidence shows Konkani was added to the Constitution's list of recognized (Scheduled) languages by the 71st Amendment and appears in the Eighth Schedule list of languages.
Important for UPSC: differentiates constitutional/scheduled recognition from other labels (e.g., 'classical'). Questions test knowledge of amendments that added languages and the implications of Eighth Schedule inclusion. Learn amendment numbers, years, and which languages were added together.
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 33: LANGUAGES > REFERENCES > p. 473
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > Development of Hindi Language > p. 542
References note the Eighth Schedule listing (representation in Official Language Commission) while other references explain a separate 'classical language' category and its criteria—highlighting two distinct recognitions.
Strategically useful to avoid conflating different recognitions: 'scheduled language' (constitutional listing) vs 'classical language' (special cultural status). UPSC often frames questions contrasting constitutional provisions and executive recognitions; mastering this distinction aids both prelims and mains answers.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > Development of Hindi Language > p. 542
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > CLASSICAL LANGUAGE STATUS > p. 543
The statement asks whether Bhojpuri was granted 'classical' status; references show creation of the classical-language category (2004) and the specific eligibility criteria used to grant that status.
UPSC frequently asks about language policy and cultural heritage designations. Mastering when the classical-language category was created and the three key criteria (antiquity, body of literature, originality) helps answer direct questions and distinguish 'classical' status from other designations. Preparation: memorise the criteria, timeline, and common examples.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > CLASSICAL LANGUAGE STATUS > p. 543
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > Criteria > p. 544
The 'Benefits' of Classical Status are the next logical target. They are specific: (1) Two major international awards annually, (2) A Centre of Excellence is set up, (3) Professional Chairs for the language in Central Universities.
Use the 'Antiquity Filter'. Classical status requires 1500-2000 years of recorded history. Konkani and Bhojpuri are often linguistically categorized as younger evolutions or dialects in the popular imagination compared to the distinct, ancient literary tradition of Odia (palm leaf manuscripts). If you know the '1500 years' rule, Odia is the only plausible candidate.
Mains GS-1 (Society/Culture): Link Classical Status to 'Regionalism vs. National Integration'. Granting classical status is a tool of 'Cultural Federalism'—it validates regional pride (e.g., Odia identity) within the national framework, reducing linguistic chauvinism.