Consider the following : The arrival of Babur into India led to the 1. introduction of gunpowder in the subcontinent 2. introduction of the arch and dome in the region's architecture 3. establishment of Timurid dynasty in the region Select the correct answer using the code given below.

States Babur's victory at Panipat (1526) 'relied heavily on gunpowder, field artillery, and matchlock guns' and notes these had 'recently been introduced in warfare in India'.

A student could check chronologies of battles and weapon mentions to see whether gunpowder weapons appear in Indian sources shortly before or only around 1526 to judge if Babur's arrival coincides with their introduction.

Describes Babur's effective use of artillery at Panipat and gives a brief origin note that gunpowder was invented in China and reached Europe by the 13th century.

Compare dates of the spread of gunpowder technology westwards (China→Central Asia→Europe) with Babur's movements from Central Asia into India to assess plausible transmission routes.

Explicitly frames Babur's Panipat victory as won 'with the effective use of ... Artillery' in a summary question — reinforcing the association of Babur with artillery use in India.

Use this pedagogical emphasis as a cue to consult primary battle accounts (e.g., Baburnama) and earlier Indian military records to test whether artillery was new at that point.

Says Europeans adopted new methods of warfare in India and that 'Gunpowder and superior artillery played a significant role' in European conquests.

Notes European firearms (muskets and cannons) were superior and that Indian rulers later imported European arms and trainers, suggesting an additional or later source of gunpowder weapons diffusion.

A student could contrast technical descriptions and dates of European vs. Central Asian artillery to determine which source likely brought specific types of gunpowder weapons into Indian armies.