The Fortaleza Declaration', recently in the news, is related to the affairs of

Shows ASEAN produces regional policy documents (Vision 2020) and meets annually to discuss cooperation and mediates regional issues.

A student could check whether the Fortaleza Declaration is an ASEAN-origin document or issued at a non-ASEAN summit (if not from ASEAN annual meetings or Vision-style processes, it likely isn't an ASEAN declaration).

Notes ASEAN has a Secretariat and formal founding declaration (Bangkok Declaration) showing ASEAN issues named declarations tied to its members and location.

Compare the issuing authority and venue of the Fortaleza Declaration to the ASEAN Secretariat or Bangkok Declaration pattern (if Fortaleza Declaration was not issued by ASEAN/at its Secretariat, that is evidence against an ASEAN origin).

Describes ASEAN's use of interaction, consultation and dialogue partners as the mechanism for regional agreements and statements.

Verify whether the Fortaleza Declaration was produced through ASEAN's dialogue/consultation mechanisms (if produced through other multilateral fora, it is less likely to be ASEAN-related).

Explains ASEAN as a distinct regional organisation in Asia that creates its own institutions and conventions.

Use a world map or list of regional organisations to see if 'Fortaleza' is associated with an Asian regional meeting—if not, it suggests the declaration may belong to a different regional grouping.

Shows ASEAN frequently appears in the names of regional economic agreements (ASEAN+ partners, RCEP built on ASEAN frameworks), indicating ASEAN-related declarations typically reference ASEAN or ASEAN+ formats.

Check whether the Fortaleza Declaration references ASEAN or an ASEAN+ format; absence of such reference would weigh against it being ASEAN-related.

Shows BRICS nations propose and establish multilateral initiatives (e.g., the New Development Bank) as a group action.

A student could check whether a document titled 'Fortaleza Declaration' was issued by BRICS by looking up BRICS summit communiqués or the location of BRICS meetings.

Describes a specific financial instrument (CRA) introduced by BRICS collectively, illustrating that BRICS adopt named agreements/instruments.

Use the pattern that BRICS routinely announce joint instruments to investigate whether the Fortaleza Declaration is one such BRICS announcement.

Explains the practice of BRICS creating formal institutions and agreements (NDB) with founding-member signatures and formal texts.

Check lists of BRICS institutional outputs and summit declarations to see if 'Fortaleza Declaration' appears among them.

Provides an example of international declarations that are named after the host city (e.g., 'Tashkent Declaration'), establishing a naming pattern.

A student could use this naming pattern plus a world map or events chronology to see if Fortaleza was a summit host and thus likely lent its name to a BRICS declaration.

Another example (Lahore Declaration) reinforcing that bilateral/multilateral declarations are often titled by summit/place names.

Combine this naming pattern with information on BRICS summit locations to assess whether a 'Fortaleza Declaration' plausibly originates from a BRICS meeting.

Defines OECD's mandate (stimulate economic progress and world trade) and role producing recognized manuals (Frascati), showing OECD issues economic guidance and methodological declarations.

A student could check whether the Fortaleza Declaration's subject (economic policy, R&D statistics guidance, trade) matches OECD's mandate and typical outputs to see if OECD likely authored or adopted it.

Notes OECD is a multilateral body of mostly developed countries with a Paris HQ, implying formal declarations tied to OECD normally originate from that institutional membership and settings.

Using the Fortaleza Declaration's venue (Fortaleza) and signatories, a student could compare whether it was issued by OECD member meeting (normally Paris) or another international forum that meets elsewhere.

Shows OECD produces specific international policy frameworks (e.g., BEPS on tax), indicating OECD authors concrete declarations and action plans on economic issues.

If the Fortaleza Declaration concerns tax/BEPS-like matters, this pattern makes OECD involvement plausible; otherwise, divergence from OECD's typical topics would argue against a direct relation.

Gives examples of OECD-run international programs (PISA, Service Trade Restrictiveness Index), illustrating OECD's role in global indices and policy instruments.

A student could check whether the Fortaleza Declaration is an OECD index/report or instead a political summit communiqué (which would suggest a different origin).

States that NAMA negotiations are based on the Doha Ministerial Declaration of 2001, showing WTO matters are often framed by named ministerial declarations.

A student could check whether a 'Fortaleza Declaration' is likewise a ministerial declaration associated with a WTO negotiating round or outcome (many WTO declarations are named after host cities).

Explains that everything the WTO does is the result of negotiations and that the organization consists of negotiated and signed agreements.

Use this rule to expect that a genuine WTO-related 'Declaration' would be referenced in WTO negotiation records or agreements.

Gives institutional facts (WTO headquarters, membership, ministerials) implying that major statements tied to the WTO are recorded and traceable in official WTO fora.

A student could search official WTO ministerial/conference lists (host cities, dates) to see if 'Fortaleza' appears as a venue tied to a WTO declaration.

Describes WTO as an organization that 'sets the rules for global trade' and that decisions are taken in formal bodies, suggesting declarations relevant to global trade typically originate from WTO bodies.

Check whether the Fortaleza Declaration was issued by or recorded in an official WTO body or ministerial meeting (since WTO policy declarations normally originate there).

Outlines formal WTO procedures (General Council, DSB, Appellate Body) which indicate that substantive trade rules and disputes are documented in WTO instruments and reports.

Cross-reference the Fortaleza Declaration against WTO documents, dispute records, or ministerial reports to see if it is cited in such formal WTO records.