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Q3 (IAS/2015) International Relations & Global Affairs › International Organisations & Groupings › Global economic governance Official Key

The Fortaleza Declaration', recently in the news, is related to the affairs of

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The Fortaleza Declaration was one of three important documents produced at the sixth BRICS summit, alongside the Agreement on establishing the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Treaty for creating the Contingency[2] Reserve Arrangement (CRA). The Fortaleza Declaration is a weighty document, presenting the basic philosophy, hopes and concerns, and the future blueprint of BRICS.[3] During the meeting, the leaders of BRICS nations adopted the Fortaleza Declaration and Action Plan.[4]

The sixth BRICS summit was held in Fortaleza, Brazil in 2014, where member countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) established key financial institutions to enhance cooperation among emerging economies. The Declaration outlined the group's strategic vision and future roadmap, making it clearly related to BRICS affairs, not to ASEAN, OECD, or WTO.

Sources
  1. [1] https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/brics-and-bouquets/article6280089.ece
  2. [2] https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/brics-and-bouquets/article6280089.ece
  3. [3] https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/brics-and-bouquets/article6280089.ece
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Q. The Fortaleza Declaration', recently in the news, is related to the affairs of [A] ASEAN [B] BRICS [C] OECD [D] WTO
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10
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This was the 'headline of the year' for International Relations in 2014-15. The Fortaleza Summit didn't just produce a statement; it birthed the New Development Bank (NDB). If a summit creates a bank, the Declaration name becomes a permanent static fact.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the Fortaleza Declaration related to ASEAN affairs?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The sixth summit produced three important documents: Agreement on establishing the New Development Bank (NDB); Treaty for creating the Contingency Reserve Arrangement (CRA); and the Fortaleza Declaration."
Why this source?
  • Identifies the Fortaleza Declaration as one of three documents produced by the BRICS summit.
  • Links the Declaration specifically to BRICS internal coherence and divergence, not ASEAN.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Fortaleza Declaration is a weighty document, presenting the basic philosophy, hopes and concerns, and the future blueprint of BRICS."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly describes the Fortaleza Declaration as presenting the philosophy and future blueprint of BRICS.
  • Demonstrates the Declaration's focus on BRICS objectives (peace, security, development, cooperation), not ASEAN.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Contemporary Centres of Power > Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) > p. 21
Strength: 5/5
“The US and China have already moved fast to negotiate FTAs with ASEAN. ASEAN is rapidly growing into a very important regional organisation. Its Vision 2020 has defined an outward-looking role for ASEAN in the international community. This builds on the existing ASEAN policy to encourage negotiation over conflicts in the region. Thus, ASEAN has mediated the end of the Cambodian conflict, the East Timor crisis, and meets annually to discuss East Asian cooperation. The current economic strength of ASEAN, especially its economic relevance as a trading and investment partner to the growing Asian economies such as India and China, makes this an attractive proposition.”
Why relevant

Shows ASEAN produces regional policy documents (Vision 2020) and meets annually to discuss cooperation and mediates regional issues.

How to extend

A student could check whether the Fortaleza Declaration is an ASEAN-origin document or issued at a non-ASEAN summit (if not from ASEAN annual meetings or Vision-style processes, it likely isn't an ASEAN declaration).

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Contemporary Centres of Power > 20 Contemporary World Politics > p. 20
Strength: 4/5
“Locate the ASEAN members on the map. Find the location of the ASEAN Secretariat. Asian alternative by establishing the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN was established in 1967 by five countries of this region — Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — by signing the Bangkok Declaration. The objectives of ASEAN were primarily to accelerate economic growth and through that 'social progress and cultural development'. A secondary objective was to promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter. Over the years, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Lao PDR, Myanmar (Burma) and Cambodia joined ASEAN taking its strength to ten.”
Why relevant

Notes ASEAN has a Secretariat and formal founding declaration (Bangkok Declaration) showing ASEAN issues named declarations tied to its members and location.

How to extend

Compare the issuing authority and venue of the Fortaleza Declaration to the ASEAN Secretariat or Bangkok Declaration pattern (if Fortaleza Declaration was not issued by ASEAN/at its Secretariat, that is evidence against an ASEAN origin).

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Contemporary Centres of Power > 22 Contemporary World Politics > p. 22
Strength: 4/5
“Thailand. The ASEAN-India FTA came into effect in 2010. ASEAN's strength, however, lies in its policies of interaction and consultation with member states, with dialogue partners, and with other non-regional organisations. It is the only regional association in Asia that provides a political forum where Asian countries and the major powers can discuss political and security concerns.”
Why relevant

Describes ASEAN's use of interaction, consultation and dialogue partners as the mechanism for regional agreements and statements.

How to extend

Verify whether the Fortaleza Declaration was produced through ASEAN's dialogue/consultation mechanisms (if produced through other multilateral fora, it is less likely to be ASEAN-related).

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Contemporary Centres of Power > Overview > p. 15
Strength: 3/5
“After the end of the bipolar structure of world politics in the early 1990s, it became clear that alternative centres of political and economic power could limit America's dominance. Thus, in Europe, the European Union (EU) and, in Asia, the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), have emerged as forces to reckon with. While evolving regional solutions to their historical enmities and weaknesses, both the EU and the ASEAN have developed alternative institutions and conventions that build a more peaceful and cooperative regional order and have transformed the countries in the region into prosperous economies. The economic rise of China has made a dramatic impact on world politics.”
Why relevant

Explains ASEAN as a distinct regional organisation in Asia that creates its own institutions and conventions.

How to extend

Use a world map or list of regional organisations to see if 'Fortaleza' is associated with an Asian regional meeting—if not, it suggests the declaration may belong to a different regional grouping.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 13: International Organizations > Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) > p. 394
Strength: 3/5
“Countries in East Asia region have thriving trade and economic relations with each other through free trade agreements. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has free trade agreements with six partners namely China (ACFTA), Republic of Korea (AKFTA), Japan (AJCEP), India (AIFTA) as well as Australia and New Zealand (AANZFTA). In order to broaden and deepen the engagement among parties and to enhance parties' participation in economic development of the region, the leaders of 16 participating countries established the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). The RCEP was built upon the existing ASEAN+1 FTAs with the spirit to strengthen economic linkages and to enhance trade and investment related activities as well as to contribute to minimising development gap among the parties.”
Why relevant

Shows ASEAN frequently appears in the names of regional economic agreements (ASEAN+ partners, RCEP built on ASEAN frameworks), indicating ASEAN-related declarations typically reference ASEAN or ASEAN+ formats.

How to extend

Check whether the Fortaleza Declaration references ASEAN or an ASEAN+ format; absence of such reference would weigh against it being ASEAN-related.

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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