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Q92 (IAS/2015) Science & Technology › Biotechnology & Health › Human infectious diseases Official Key

H1N1 virus is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to which one of the following diseases?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

H1N1 virus is commonly referred to as swine flu[3]. H1N1 flu is a type of influenza A virus[3], and it was found to be a novel strain of influenza[4] that gained global attention during the 2009 pandemic.

It is important to distinguish H1N1 from other diseases mentioned in the options. AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), not influenza viruses. Bird flu refers to disease caused by infection with avian influenza Type A viruses[5], which is a different category from H1N1. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes and is unrelated to influenza viruses.

The new H1N1 virus became the dominant influenza strain in most parts of the world, including the United States[6], making it a significant public health concern that was frequently mentioned in news coverage during and after the 2009 pandemic.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/specific-agents/influenza-virus-flu
  2. [2] https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/specific-agents/influenza-virus-flu
  3. [3] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swine-flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20378103
  4. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic
  5. [5] https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/avian-timeline/2020s.html
  6. [6] https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/specific-agents/influenza-virus-flu
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Q. H1N1 virus is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to which one of the following diseases? [A] AIDS [B] Bird flu [C] Dengue …
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

This is a classic 'Headline-to-Question' conversion. H1N1 (Swine Flu) was a massive public health crisis in India during 2014-15 (especially in Rajasthan/Gujarat). The question checks basic awareness of major news headlines rather than deep biological knowledge.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does the H1N1 virus cause AIDS?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"the novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1)."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies H1N1 as an influenza virus (swine flu), indicating its disease is influenza, not AIDS.
  • Shows H1N1 is a novel influenza A strain that spreads person-to-person, describing flu characteristics rather than retroviral disease.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The virus was found to be a novel strain of influenza for which existing [vaccines](/wiki/Vaccination"
Why this source?
  • States the virus was found to be a novel strain of influenza, specifying its cause as influenza A (H1N1).
  • Describes diagnostic tests for influenza A (H1N1), tying the virus to influenza detection and response, not to AIDS.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > AIDs/HIVs > p. 80
Strength: 5/5
“AIDS (Acquired Immuno Defciency Syndrome) is a disease of the immune system caused by the human immunodefciency virus (HIV). HIV slowly attacks and destroys the immune system, the body”
Why relevant

Defines AIDS as a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), linking a specific disease to a specific viral agent.

How to extend

A student can extend this by checking whether H1N1 is named or classified as HIV or a different virus to see if it matches the causative agent.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > AIDs/HIVs > p. 81
Strength: 5/5
“defence against infection. It leads to afected person to a variety of other infectious diseases and certain malignancies that eventually cause death. AIDS is the fnal stage of HIV infection, during which time fatal infections and cancers arise. AIDS was frst reported in 1981 by investigators in New York and California (USA). HIV is transmitted by direct transfer of body fuids, such as blood and blood products, semen, and other genital secretions, or breast milk, from an infected person to an uninfected person. Te main cellular target of HIV is a class of white blood cells critical to the immune system known as helper T cells.”
Why relevant

Explains HIV transmission, targets (helper T cells), and that AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection—showing disease specificity and distinct pathology.

How to extend

Compare the known targets and transmission modes of H1N1 (respiratory spread, different tissue targets) to those of HIV to judge if H1N1 could cause the same syndrome.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 33
Strength: 4/5
“Diseases | Causal agent | Site of infection | Symptoms | Preventive measures Diseases spread through the air • humans: Common cold and influenza; Col2: Virus; Col3: Respiratory tract; Col4: Nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, fever, cough, body ache; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Washing hands frequently, not sharing personal items, covering the mouth and nose • humans: Chickenpox; Col2: Virus; Col3: Respiratory tract, skin; Col4: Mild fever, itchy skin, rashes, blisters; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Complete isolation of the patient, covering the mouth and nose, vaccination • humans: Measles; Col2: Virus; Col3: Skin, respiratory tract; Col4: Fever, sore throat, and reddish rashes on the neck, ears and other parts of the skin; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Isolation of the patient, covering the mouth and nose, maintaining good hygiene, vaccination”
Why relevant

Lists influenza (a virus) and its site of infection (respiratory tract) and symptoms, treating influenza and AIDS as separate entries in disease tables.

How to extend

Use this pattern to check whether H1N1 appears under influenza/respiratory diseases rather than under AIDS/HIV in standard disease classifications.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > Epidemics > p. 36
Strength: 4/5
“The term epidemic originally denotes a sudden excessive prevalence of disease in a population. Epidemic means upon the people. Historically, epidemic was applied to infectious disease, but in more recent times, it also includes major non-infectious diseases, such as AIDS, and cancer, too. The main epidemics in India are malaria, small-pox, cholera, typhoid, dengue, swine flue, cancer, AIDS, etc. AIDs according to a UN report caused 1,30,000 deaths in 2013.”
Why relevant

Presents epidemics and explicitly lists both swine flu and AIDS separately among major diseases, implying they are distinct conditions.

How to extend

A student can use this separation as a basis to verify that swine flu (H1N1) and AIDS are treated as different epidemics caused by different agents.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye > Ever heard of ... > p. 17
Strength: 4/5
“Viruses are microscopic and acellular. Viruses multiply when they enter a living cell. They may infect plants, animals, or bacterial cells and may cause a disease.”
Why relevant

States that viruses infect different hosts and cause specific diseases when they enter particular cells, indicating that 'a virus' is not a single interchangeable cause for all viral diseases.

How to extend

Extend by noting that because different viruses infect different cells and cause different diseases, one should check whether H1N1 infects the cells implicated in AIDS (helper T cells) — if not, it likely does not cause AIDS.

Statement 2
Does the H1N1 virus cause bird flu?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Avian influenza or bird flu refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses."
Why this source?
  • Defines 'bird flu' as disease caused by avian (bird) influenza Type A viruses, showing bird flu refers to avian subtypes.
  • Passage names avian influenza as the cause, but does not identify H1N1 as an avian (bird) subtype in these examples.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Global Human Cases with Influenza A(H5N1), 1997-2025"
Why this source?
  • Provides examples of avian influenza subtypes in humans (Influenza A(H5N1)), indicating specific avian subtypes cause bird flu.
  • Shows CDC surveillance focuses on avian subtypes like H5N1 rather than labeling H1N1 as bird flu in these pages.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > Security in the Contemporary World 75 > p. 75
Strength: 5/5
“Epidemics among animals have major economic effects. Since the late 1990s, Britain has lost billions of dollars of income during an outbreak of the mad-cow disease, and bird flu shut down supplies of poultry exports from several Asian countries. Such epidemics demonstrate the growing interdependence of states making their borders less meaningful than in the past and emphasise the need for international cooperation. Expansion of the concept of security does not mean that we can include any kind of disease or distress in the ambit of security. If we do that, the concept of security stands to lose its coherence.”
Why relevant

Says 'bird flu shut down supplies of poultry exports', linking 'bird flu' specifically to birds/poultry as the affected host group.

How to extend

A student could use this host-pattern to check whether H1N1 is primarily associated with birds/poultry or with a different animal/human host.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > Epidemics > p. 37
Strength: 4/5
“Ebola fever in West Africa (Guinea, Sierra-Leone, Libara, etc.) has emerged as a serious epidemics during the last decade. In 2015, the swine flu outbreak occurred in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat. More than 2000 people died in the epidemic. The 'Nipah' virus in 2018 resulted in a total of 19 deaths of which 17 were from Kerala. The outbreak was localised in the districts of Kozhikode and Mallapuram and three deaths due to 'Zika' virus infection were also reported from Kerala. The Encephalitis syndrome has resulted in death of over 153 children in the state of Bihar in June 2019.”
Why relevant

Mentions a 'swine flu outbreak' (separately from bird flu), indicating different flu outbreaks are named after their typical animal hosts.

How to extend

A student could use the naming pattern (swine, bird) to ask whether H1N1 is the strain commonly called swine flu or bird flu and thus infer if it causes bird flu.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye > Ever heard of ... > p. 17
Strength: 4/5
“Viruses are microscopic and acellular. Viruses multiply when they enter a living cell. They may infect plants, animals, or bacterial cells and may cause a disease.”
Why relevant

Defines viruses as agents that may infect plants, animals or bacterial cells and may cause disease — establishes that different viruses infect different host types.

How to extend

A student could apply this rule to examine which host species H1N1 infects (human, swine, avian) to judge if it causes bird flu.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 33
Strength: 4/5
“Diseases | Causal agent | Site of infection | Symptoms | Preventive measures Diseases spread through the air • humans: Common cold and influenza; Col2: Virus; Col3: Respiratory tract; Col4: Nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, fever, cough, body ache; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Washing hands frequently, not sharing personal items, covering the mouth and nose • humans: Chickenpox; Col2: Virus; Col3: Respiratory tract, skin; Col4: Mild fever, itchy skin, rashes, blisters; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Complete isolation of the patient, covering the mouth and nose, vaccination • humans: Measles; Col2: Virus; Col3: Skin, respiratory tract; Col4: Fever, sore throat, and reddish rashes on the neck, ears and other parts of the skin; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Isolation of the patient, covering the mouth and nose, maintaining good hygiene, vaccination”
Why relevant

Lists influenza among common communicable diseases and identifies 'virus' as the causal agent, linking 'flu' as a disease category caused by various viral strains.

How to extend

A student could check which viral subtype (e.g., H1N1 vs H5N1) corresponds to which 'flu' name (human/swine/bird) to see if H1N1 aligns with bird flu.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > Refugees in the world (2017) > p. 74
Strength: 3/5
“A look at the correlation between wars and refugee migration shows that in the 1990s, all but three of the 60 refugee flows coincided with an internal armed conflict. Health epidemics such as HIV-AIDS, bird flu, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have rapidly spread across countries through migration, business, tourism and military operations. One country's success or failure in limiting the spread of these diseases affects infections in other countries.”
Why relevant

Groups bird flu together with other named epidemics (HIV, SARS) as distinct disease events that spread across countries, implying specific named diseases are distinct entities.

How to extend

A student could treat 'bird flu' as a distinct named epidemic and look up whether H1N1 is listed among those specific bird flu epidemics or is a different influenza event.

Statement 3
Does the H1N1 virus cause dengue?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1)."
Why this source?
  • Identifies H1N1 explicitly as an influenza A virus (swine flu), indicating its disease category is influenza, not dengue.
  • If H1N1 is influenza A, it is a different pathogen/disease than dengue, so it does not cause dengue.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The new H1N1 virus became the dominant influenza strain in most parts of the world, including the United States."
Why this source?
  • Describes the new H1N1 virus as the dominant influenza strain during the 2009 pandemic, reinforcing that H1N1 causes influenza.
  • Shows H1N1 is discussed in the context of influenza pandemics (not dengue), supporting that it does not cause dengue.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > Dengue and Chikungunya > p. 79
Strength: 5/5
“Dengue is a type of fever which is also called as 'Break-bone Fever' or 'Dandy Fever'. Diseases like malaria, dengue and chikungunya are seasonal and show fuctuating trends in various seasons in diferent years. Te dengue virus is carried by the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Te Asiatic tiger mosquito is another prominent carrier of the virus. Tere have been recent breakouts of dengue and chickengunya. In brief, dengue is characterised by fever and extreme pain in and stifness of joints (hence the name 'break-bone fever'. A mosquito becomes infected only if it bites an infected individual (humans and monkeys) during the frst three days of the victims illness.”
Why relevant

States that dengue is caused by the dengue virus and is carried/transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (vector-borne).

How to extend

A student can combine this with the basic fact that H1N1 is an influenza virus (not mosquito-borne) to see whether one virus could be the vector for the other.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 35
Strength: 4/5
“• Col1: Malaria; Col2: Protozoa; Col3: Skin, blood; Diseases transmitted by insects: High fever, profuse sweating, periodic chills; Col5: Use of mosquito nets and repellents, wearing long–sleeved clothes, control of mosquito breeding in and around your home • Col1: Dengue fever (Break bone fever); Col2: Virus; Col3: Skin, blood; Diseases transmitted by insects: Fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea; Col5: Use of mosquito nets and repellents, wearing long-sleeved clothes, control of mosquito breeding in and around your home, avoiding areas with still water By studying the Table 3.1, we can understand how infectious diseases spread and how to prevent them.”
Why relevant

Lists dengue fever explicitly as a disease caused by a virus and highlights its transmission via insect vectors.

How to extend

Use the rule 'dengue = mosquito-transmitted virus' and compare transmission modes of H1N1 to judge causality.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 33
Strength: 4/5
“Diseases | Causal agent | Site of infection | Symptoms | Preventive measures Diseases spread through the air • humans: Common cold and influenza; Col2: Virus; Col3: Respiratory tract; Col4: Nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, fever, cough, body ache; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Washing hands frequently, not sharing personal items, covering the mouth and nose • humans: Chickenpox; Col2: Virus; Col3: Respiratory tract, skin; Col4: Mild fever, itchy skin, rashes, blisters; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Complete isolation of the patient, covering the mouth and nose, vaccination • humans: Measles; Col2: Virus; Col3: Skin, respiratory tract; Col4: Fever, sore throat, and reddish rashes on the neck, ears and other parts of the skin; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Isolation of the patient, covering the mouth and nose, maintaining good hygiene, vaccination”
Why relevant

Describes influenza as a viral disease that spreads through the air and infects the respiratory tract.

How to extend

Combine this airborne-transmission pattern for flu with the mosquito-borne pattern for dengue to infer incompatibility of causation by one virus causing the other.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Non-communicable > p. 32
Strength: 3/5
“z Non-communicable diseases— Some diseases, like cancer, diabetes, or asthma, are not caused by pathogens and do not spread from one person to another. They are usually linked to lifestyle, diet, and/or environment. z Communicable diseases— Diseases caused by pathogens are called communicable diseases. They can spread from one person to another. Some examples of communicable diseases are typhoid, dengue, flu, chickenpox, and COVID-19. In recent years, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer have become more common in India. This is happening because of changes in how people live—such as eating more processed food, getting less exercise, and living longer lives.”
Why relevant

Groups dengue and flu as distinct communicable diseases caused by pathogens, implying different disease identities.

How to extend

A student could use this classification to treat dengue and influenza (H1N1) as separate disease entities to be compared for cause-effect relationships.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > Epidemics > p. 36
Strength: 3/5
“The term epidemic originally denotes a sudden excessive prevalence of disease in a population. Epidemic means upon the people. Historically, epidemic was applied to infectious disease, but in more recent times, it also includes major non-infectious diseases, such as AIDS, and cancer, too. The main epidemics in India are malaria, small-pox, cholera, typhoid, dengue, swine flue, cancer, AIDS, etc. AIDs according to a UN report caused 1,30,000 deaths in 2013.”
Why relevant

Lists 'swine flue' (influenza) and dengue separately among major epidemics, suggesting they are distinct epidemic diseases.

How to extend

Seeing them catalogued separately supports checking whether the agent of one (swine flu/H1N1) is known to produce the other's syndrome (dengue) via their different epidemiologies.

Statement 4
Does the H1N1 virus cause swine flu?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The new virus is named influenza A (H1N1), although it is commonly referred to as swine flu."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names the new virus influenza A (H1N1) and states it is commonly referred to as swine flu.
  • Notes the virus originated in swine and was capable of infecting humans, tying H1N1 to swine flu terminology.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The H1N1 flu, sometimes called swine flu, is a type of influenza A virus."
Why this source?
  • Directly states that H1N1 flu is sometimes called swine flu.
  • Describes the 2009-10 H1N1 as a new combination of influenza viruses that infect pigs, birds and humans, linking H1N1 to swine-related viruses.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The H1N1 influenza gained worldwide attention as "swine flu" during the 2009 pandemic after swine influenza viruses were reassorted with preexisting H1N1 strains."
Why this source?
  • Explains H1N1 gained worldwide attention as 'swine flu' during the 2009 pandemic after reassortment with swine influenza viruses.
  • Connects H1N1 to swine influenza through genetic reassortment, supporting the naming and causal relationship.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > Epidemics > p. 37
Strength: 4/5
“Ebola fever in West Africa (Guinea, Sierra-Leone, Libara, etc.) has emerged as a serious epidemics during the last decade. In 2015, the swine flu outbreak occurred in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat. More than 2000 people died in the epidemic. The 'Nipah' virus in 2018 resulted in a total of 19 deaths of which 17 were from Kerala. The outbreak was localised in the districts of Kozhikode and Mallapuram and three deaths due to 'Zika' virus infection were also reported from Kerala. The Encephalitis syndrome has resulted in death of over 153 children in the state of Bihar in June 2019.”
Why relevant

This snippet explicitly mentions a 'swine flu' outbreak, establishing that 'swine flu' is a named illness/events recorded in these texts.

How to extend

A student could treat 'swine flu' as a specific flu disease to be checked against known influenza subtypes (e.g., by consulting standard disease lists or public-health sources).

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 33
Strength: 5/5
“Diseases | Causal agent | Site of infection | Symptoms | Preventive measures Diseases spread through the air • humans: Common cold and influenza; Col2: Virus; Col3: Respiratory tract; Col4: Nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, fever, cough, body ache; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Washing hands frequently, not sharing personal items, covering the mouth and nose • humans: Chickenpox; Col2: Virus; Col3: Respiratory tract, skin; Col4: Mild fever, itchy skin, rashes, blisters; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Complete isolation of the patient, covering the mouth and nose, vaccination • humans: Measles; Col2: Virus; Col3: Skin, respiratory tract; Col4: Fever, sore throat, and reddish rashes on the neck, ears and other parts of the skin; Table 3.1: Some common communicable diseases affecting: Isolation of the patient, covering the mouth and nose, maintaining good hygiene, vaccination”
Why relevant

Table entry lists 'influenza' (flu) under diseases caused by viruses and affecting the respiratory tract—showing the general rule that 'flu' illnesses are viral.

How to extend

Use the rule 'flu = viral disease' to infer that any named flu (including 'swine flu') is likely viral and thus could be caused by a particular virus subtype like H1N1; verify by looking up which influenza virus subtypes are associated with 'swine flu'.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye > Ever heard of ... > p. 17
Strength: 4/5
“Viruses are microscopic and acellular. Viruses multiply when they enter a living cell. They may infect plants, animals, or bacterial cells and may cause a disease.”
Why relevant

Defines viruses as microscopic agents that infect animals and may cause disease, giving the generic mechanism by which an agent like H1N1 could cause illness.

How to extend

Combine this with the identification of 'flu' as viral to reason that a named virus (H1N1) plausibly could be the causal agent for a flu called 'swine flu'; confirm by checking virology nomenclature for H1N1.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > 3.5.1 Treatment of diseases > p. 39
Strength: 3/5
“If our immune system fails to protect us against an infectious disease, we fall ill and need to visit a doctor. The doctor may give us medicines called antibiotics, which kill the bacteria that might have caused the disease. Antibiotics work only against bacterial infections because they target parts of bacterial cells that are different from human or other animal cells. They do not work against viruses or diseases caused by protozoa.”
Why relevant

Explains antibiotics do not work against viruses, reinforcing that knowing a disease is viral has practical implications and supports distinguishing viral flu from bacterial illnesses.

How to extend

A student could use treatment differences (antibiotics ineffective) as a cross-check: if swine flu is managed as a viral influenza in public-health guidance, that supports it being caused by a virus such as an influenza subtype.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Keep the curiosity alive > p. 42
Strength: 3/5
“1. Group the diseases shown in the images as communicable or non-communicable. Cold and flu Typhoid Diabetes Asthma Chickenpox”
Why relevant

Groups 'Cold and flu' among communicable diseases (implying contagious viral respiratory illnesses), supporting that flu-type diseases are a communicable viral category.

How to extend

Use this categorization to narrow searches to communicable/viral influenza variants and then look up which named viral strains (e.g., H1N1) are reported as causing 'swine flu'.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC consistently tests the 'Scientific Alias' of popular diseases. Whenever a disease makes headlines (like Monkeypox or Nipah), immediately find its viral genus or strain name. The pattern is: News Headline -> Scientific Name mapping.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. If you read any newspaper in 2014-15, 'Swine Flu' and 'H1N1' were inseparable terms on the front page.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Public Health & Epidemiology (Science in Everyday Life). Specifically, 'Diseases in News'.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Code-Name' pairs: H1N1 = Swine Flu; H5N1 = Bird Flu (Avian); H7N9 = Bird Flu; SARS-CoV = SARS; Aedes aegypti = Dengue/Chikungunya/Zika; Anopheles = Malaria.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When a disease outbreak occurs, prepare a 3-column table: 1) Popular Name (e.g., Swine Flu), 2) Scientific Agent (H1N1), 3) Vector/Transmission (Airborne/Pigs). UPSC rarely asks for symptoms, but always asks for the Agent or Vector.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 AIDS is caused by HIV (not by influenza viruses)
💡 The insight

References explicitly state that AIDS is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), establishing the specific causal agent for AIDS.

High-yield for UPSC: distinguishing disease-specific causative agents is frequently tested and is essential for questions on public health policy and epidemiology. It links to topics on infectious disease classification, prevention strategies, and differential diagnosis; master by memorising key pathogen–disease pairs and practising application in policy/health scenarios.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > AIDs/HIVs > p. 80
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > AIDs/HIVs > p. 81
🔗 Anchor: "Does the H1N1 virus cause AIDS?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Pathogen specificity and types of viruses
💡 The insight

Provided references describe viruses as distinct microscopic agents that infect particular hosts and cause particular diseases (e.g., influenza listed separately from AIDS).

Important for UPSC answers distinguishing respiratory viral epidemics (like H1N1) from immunodeficiency syndromes (like AIDS). Useful in questions about outbreak response, vaccination policy, and public communication; prepare by reviewing virus classifications, transmission routes, and example disease lists.

📚 Reading List :
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye > Ever heard of ... > p. 17
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 33
🔗 Anchor: "Does the H1N1 virus cause AIDS?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Modes of transmission differ between HIV and respiratory viruses
💡 The insight

Evidence lists HIV transmission via body fluids and contrasts respiratory spread prevention measures (hand washing, covering mouth) used for influenza-like diseases.

Crucial for policy and disaster-management questions in UPSC: understanding transmission informs containment strategies and public advisories. Learn common transmission routes for major pathogens and map appropriate prevention/control measures to each route.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > AIDs/HIVs > p. 81
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 33
🔗 Anchor: "Does the H1N1 virus cause AIDS?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Zoonotic/animal epidemics (avian vs swine influenza)
💡 The insight

The references discuss bird flu and swine flu as distinct animal epidemics and note viruses infect animals, so distinguishing animal influenza types is directly relevant to the question about H1N1 and bird flu.

High-yield for UPSC: questions often probe differences between avian, swine and human influenza and their economic/health impacts. Mastering zoonoses links to topics on public health policy, agriculture trade impacts, and disaster response. Prepare by comparing pathogen subtypes, transmission routes, and historical outbreaks.

📚 Reading List :
  • Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > Refugees in the world (2017) > p. 74
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > Epidemics > p. 37
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye > Ever heard of ... > p. 17
🔗 Anchor: "Does the H1N1 virus cause bird flu?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Communicable diseases and respiratory influenza transmission
💡 The insight

References classify influenza as a communicable, airborne disease, which frames how influenza subtypes (like H1N1 or avian influenza) spread and why distinguishing subtypes matters.

Important for GS health and disaster management questions: understanding communicable vs non-communicable disease concepts helps answer policy and containment questions. Study definitions, modes of transmission, and standard containment measures (isolation, hygiene, vaccination).

📚 Reading List :
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Non-communicable > p. 32
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 33
🔗 Anchor: "Does the H1N1 virus cause bird flu?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Global interconnectedness and international response to epidemics
💡 The insight

Text emphasizes that bird flu and other epidemics cross borders and require international cooperation, relevant when evaluating claims about specific virus causes and global risk.

Useful for polity/IR and geography: UPSC asks about transnational disease management, trade impacts, and global health governance. Link outbreak examples to international cooperation mechanisms and economic consequences; revise case studies and cross-border transmission dynamics.

📚 Reading List :
  • Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > Security in the Contemporary World 75 > p. 75
  • Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Globalisation > Causes of Globalisation > p. 102
🔗 Anchor: "Does the H1N1 virus cause bird flu?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Pathogen specificity: different viruses cause different diseases
💡 The insight

References distinguish dengue as caused by the dengue virus and influenza (including H1N1) as a separate viral illness; they treat dengue and flu as different communicable diseases.

High-yield for UPSC public health questions: understanding that a named virus causes a specific disease prevents conflation (e.g., H1N1 vs dengue). This concept connects to epidemiology, disease classification and policy responses. Prepare by comparing pathogen–disease pairs from NCERT and standard texts and practicing MCQs that ask for causal agents.

📚 Reading List :
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 35
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 33
  • Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye > Ever heard of ... > p. 17
🔗 Anchor: "Does the H1N1 virus cause dengue?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

Since H1N1 (Swine Flu) was asked, the logical sibling is H5N1 (Bird Flu). Also, be ready for the medication: 'Oseltamivir' (Tamiflu) is the standard antiviral often asked in matching pairs with H1N1.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Use the 'Nomenclature Logic': The 'HxNy' naming convention (Hemagglutinin/Neuraminidase) is exclusive to Influenza viruses. AIDS is caused by HIV (Retrovirus). Dengue is a Flavivirus (no HxNy code). This leaves only Bird Flu or Swine Flu. Basic news awareness separates the two.

🔗 Mains Connection

Link this to GS-3 Disaster Management (Biological Disasters). The management of H1N1 falls under the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 (and now NDMA guidelines). It also connects to GS-2 (Role of WHO in declaring PHEIC - Public Health Emergency of International Concern).

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-II · 2008 · Q51 Relevance score: 1.10

Which one of the following diseases is caused by virus ?

NDA-I · 2022 · Q27 Relevance score: 0.78

Which one of the following is caused by a bacterial pathogen?

CAPF · 2008 · Q78 Relevance score: 0.77

What is H5N1 in the news in recent times ?

CDS-I · 2009 · Q22 Relevance score: -0.78

Which of the following diseases is not caused by viruses ?