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Q54 (IAS/2016) Environment & Ecology › Climate Change & Global Initiatives › Forest and REDD initiatives Official Key

Which of the following statements is/are correct? Proper design and effective implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can significantly contribute to 1. protection of biodiversity 2. resilience of forest ecosystems 3. poverty reduction Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is option D because all three statements are correct.

REDD+ goes beyond merely checking deforestation and forest degradation, and includes incentives for positive elements of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks[1], which directly supports biodiversity protection and forest ecosystem resilience. The set of decisions bolsters forest preservation and sustainable use of forests with direct benefits for people who live in and around forests[2], indicating that the programme contributes to poverty reduction by providing direct benefits to forest-dependent communities.

Additionally, the documents note that forests provide multiple benefits for livelihoods and biodiversity to societies while storing carbon at the same time[3], and the UN-REDD Programme supports the capacity of national governments to prepare and implement national REDD+ strategies with the active involvement of all stakeholders, including indigenous peoples and other forest-dependent communities[4]. This comprehensive approach demonstrates that proper design and implementation of UN-REDD+ can simultaneously achieve biodiversity protection, enhance forest ecosystem resilience, and reduce poverty through sustainable forest management and stakeholder involvement.

Sources
  1. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > 24.17. REDD & REDD+ > p. 337
  2. [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+") > p. 330
  3. [3] https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/REDD%20Leaflet%20Supporting_countries_to_get_ready_for_REDD+%20ENG.pdf
  4. [4] https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/REDD%20Leaflet%20Supporting_countries_to_get_ready_for_REDD+%20ENG.pdf
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Which of the following statements is/are correct? Proper design and effective implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can significantly cont…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 6.7/10 · 3.3/10

This is a classic 'Co-benefits' question. UPSC moves beyond the primary aim (carbon) to secondary impacts (biodiversity, livelihoods). If you only studied REDD+ as a carbon mechanism, you missed the 'Plus'. The '+' literally stands for conservation and sustainable management, which implies biodiversity and livelihood links.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme significantly contribute to protection of biodiversity?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > 24.17. REDD & REDD+ > p. 337
Presence: 5/5
“• REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) is the global endeavour to create an incentive for developing countries to protect, better manage and save their forest resources, thus contributing to the global fight against climate change • REDD+ goes beyond merely checking deforestation and forest degradation, and includes incentives for positive elements of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks”
Why this source?
  • Defines REDD+ as including incentives for conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks — measures that protect habitat and species.
  • Directly links REDD+ scope to positive conservation actions beyond mere emissions reduction.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > UN-BEDD Programme > p. 347
Presence: 4/5
“• Administered by UNDP• Area of focus Mitigation REDD• Date operational zooS Three UN Agencies - United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - have collaborated in the estabiishment of the UN-REDD programme, a multi-donor trust {und that allows donors to pool resources and provide funding with the-aim of significantly reducing global emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. Through its nine initial country programme activities in Africa, Asia and Latin America, the UN-REDD Programme supports the capacity of national governments to prepare and implement national REDD strategies with the involvement of all stakeholders.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the UN-REDD Programme administered by UN agencies and supporting national capacity to prepare and implement REDD strategies.
  • Capacity building and stakeholder involvement enable practical implementation that can reduce deforestation — a primary threat to biodiversity.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+") > p. 330
Presence: 4/5
“Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+" • Governments agreed on a set of decisions on ways to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. • Global deforestation accounts for some 20 percent of the world's CO² emissions. The set of decisions bolsters forest preservation and sustainable use of forests with direct benefits for people who live in and around forests. • It establishes the means for results-based payments if developing countries can demonstrate the protection of forests.”
Why this source?
  • Warsaw Framework decisions bolster forest preservation and sustainable use, creating institutional backing for forest protection.
  • Establishes means for results-based payments contingent on demonstrating forest protection, creating incentives aligned with biodiversity outcomes.
Statement 2
Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme significantly contribute to resilience of forest ecosystems?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"provide multiple benefits for livelihoods and biodiversity to societies while storing carbon at the same time."
Why this source?
  • States UN-REDD provides multiple benefits to livelihoods and biodiversity while storing carbon — outcomes that support ecosystem resilience.
  • Indicates the Programme conducts national forest assessments and monitors policy and institutional change, key elements for effective design and implementation.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"the UN-REDD Programme supports the capacity of national governments to prepare and implement national REDD+ strategies with the active involvement of all stakeholders, including indigenous peoples and other forest-dependent communities."
Why this source?
  • Explains the Programme helps countries prepare and implement national REDD+ strategies — showing focus on proper design and implementation.
  • Highlights active involvement of stakeholders, including indigenous and forest-dependent communities, which supports socially robust, resilient outcomes.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"with the aim of significantly reducing global emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries."
Why this source?
  • Describes the Programme's aim to significantly reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation — actions that directly reduce pressures on forest ecosystems.
  • Notes broad geographic support (many partner countries), indicating potential for large-scale positive impacts on forest resilience when well implemented.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > UN-BEDD Programme > p. 347
Strength: 4/5
“• Administered by UNDP• Area of focus Mitigation REDD• Date operational zooS Three UN Agencies - United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - have collaborated in the estabiishment of the UN-REDD programme, a multi-donor trust {und that allows donors to pool resources and provide funding with the-aim of significantly reducing global emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. Through its nine initial country programme activities in Africa, Asia and Latin America, the UN-REDD Programme supports the capacity of national governments to prepare and implement national REDD strategies with the involvement of all stakeholders.”
Why relevant

Describes UN-REDD as a multi-agency programme that supports national governments to prepare and implement national REDD strategies with stakeholder involvement.

How to extend

A student could infer that strong design + stakeholder-inclusive implementation capacity at national level is a prerequisite for actions that strengthen forest resilience, and then check case examples or national plans for concrete resilience measures.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > 24.17. REDD & REDD+ > p. 337
Strength: 5/5
“• REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) is the global endeavour to create an incentive for developing countries to protect, better manage and save their forest resources, thus contributing to the global fight against climate change • REDD+ goes beyond merely checking deforestation and forest degradation, and includes incentives for positive elements of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks”
Why relevant

Defines REDD+ as including conservation, sustainable management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks beyond just stopping deforestation.

How to extend

One could extend this to argue that interventions aimed at conservation and sustainable management are likely to enhance ecosystem resilience, and then compare REDD+ measures with resilience-enhancing practices (e.g., diversity, restoration).

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+") > p. 330
Strength: 4/5
“Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+" • Governments agreed on a set of decisions on ways to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. • Global deforestation accounts for some 20 percent of the world's CO² emissions. The set of decisions bolsters forest preservation and sustainable use of forests with direct benefits for people who live in and around forests. • It establishes the means for results-based payments if developing countries can demonstrate the protection of forests.”
Why relevant

Notes the Warsaw Framework bolsters forest preservation and sustainable use and links results-based payments to demonstrated protection of forests.

How to extend

A student could reason that financial incentives tied to verifiable forest protection can motivate implementation of resilience-building practices and then look for evidence where payments enabled restoration or sustainable management.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Forest Investment Program > p. 343
Strength: 4/5
“• Administered by The World Bank• Area of focus Mitigation REFiD• Date operational 2009 The Forest Investment Program (r'*lP) is a targeted program of the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF) within the Ciimate investment Funds (CIF)' : i The FIP supports developing countries' efforts to reduce deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) and promotes sustainable forest management that leads to emission reductions and the protection of carbon reservoirs. It achieves this by providing scaled-up financing to developing countries for readiness reforms and public and private investments, identified through national REDD readiness or equivalent strategies' AIi Rights Reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in anv form or b,v anv means' without permission in writing”
Why relevant

Explains the Forest Investment Program provides scaled-up financing for readiness reforms and public/private investments identified through national REDD readiness strategies.

How to extend

This suggests that funding for readiness and investments is a mechanism by which REDD+ can support on-the-ground actions (e.g., restoration, fire management) that improve resilience; one could map financed activities to resilience outcomes.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > social relevance of forests > p. 20
Strength: 5/5
“• (vi) Forests prevent foods and soil erosion.• (vii) Forest cover afects biota, soil erosion, land degradation, pollution and quality of air and water.• (viii) Forests help in purifying air, water and soil pollution. • (ix) Forests help in keeping the natural balance.• (x) Forest helps in maintaining the resilience characteristics of ecosystems and make environment and ecology sustainable. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO 2012), India ranks among the top ten countries in terms of area of forest cover. India has 1.6 per cent of global forest area with per capita forest of 0.06 hectare. • Sl.”
Why relevant

Lists ecosystem services and explicitly states forests help in maintaining the resilience characteristics of ecosystems.

How to extend

Use this definition of resilience to evaluate whether typical REDD+/REDD+ interventions (conservation, sustainable management, carbon enhancement) would preserve or strengthen those specific services.

Statement 3
Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme significantly contribute to poverty reduction?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+") > p. 330
Presence: 5/5
“Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+" • Governments agreed on a set of decisions on ways to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. • Global deforestation accounts for some 20 percent of the world's CO² emissions. The set of decisions bolsters forest preservation and sustainable use of forests with direct benefits for people who live in and around forests. • It establishes the means for results-based payments if developing countries can demonstrate the protection of forests.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states REDD+ decisions 'bolster forest preservation and sustainable use of forests with direct benefits for people who live in and around forests'.
  • Identifies 'results-based payments' as a mechanism for rewarding demonstrated forest protection — a direct income/benefit channel to local populations.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > L)" tr4 ...sk-r EHUIRSNMEN.= frjr > p. 338
Presence: 4/5
“• • . It is estimated that a REDD+ programme for India could provide capture of more than 1 billion tonnes of additional CO뀋8 over the next 3 decades and provide more than USD 3 billion as carbon service incentives under REDD+.”
Why this source?
  • Provides a concrete estimate of economic value: REDD+ in India could provide over USD 3 billion as carbon service incentives.
  • Monetary incentives of this scale imply potential resources that could be redirected to livelihoods or poverty-alleviation if well implemented.
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > UN-BEDD Programme > p. 347
Presence: 4/5
“• Administered by UNDP• Area of focus Mitigation REDD• Date operational zooS Three UN Agencies - United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - have collaborated in the estabiishment of the UN-REDD programme, a multi-donor trust {und that allows donors to pool resources and provide funding with the-aim of significantly reducing global emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. Through its nine initial country programme activities in Africa, Asia and Latin America, the UN-REDD Programme supports the capacity of national governments to prepare and implement national REDD strategies with the involvement of all stakeholders.”
Why this source?
  • Describes UN-REDD as a multi-agency programme supporting capacity of national governments to prepare and implement national REDD strategies.
  • Emphasizes involvement of all stakeholders — indicating that proper design and implementation (inclusive, capacity-driven) are core programme elements enabling benefits to local people.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves 'Benevolent International Programs'. When a question asks if a major UN program 'can' contribute to positive outcomes like poverty or resilience, especially with the qualifier 'Proper design and effective implementation', the answer is almost always 'All of the above'.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter (Conceptual). Covered in standard texts (Shankar IAS Ch. 24) and basic current affairs.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The '+' in REDD+. Understanding that REDD was just 'avoided deforestation', but REDD+ added 'conservation, sustainable management, and enhancement of carbon stocks'.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 5 activities of REDD+: (1) Reducing deforestation, (2) Reducing degradation, (3) Conservation, (4) Sustainable management, (5) Enhancement of carbon stocks. Agencies: UN-REDD = FAO + UNDP + UNEP. Funding: FCPF (World Bank) vs UN-REDD (UN Trust Fund).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Think in 'Ecosystem Services'. If a program saves a forest, it AUTOMATICALLY saves biodiversity (habitat) and increases resilience (water/soil). If it involves 'payments for ecosystem services' (PES), it AUTOMATICALLY links to poverty reduction.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 REDD vs REDD+: conservation & sustainable management scope
💡 The insight

REDD+ explicitly expands REDD to include conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks — directly relevant to biodiversity protection.

High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask how climate mechanisms intersect with biodiversity and development. Understanding REDD+ lets candidates explain policy design that links carbon incentives to habitat protection, enabling answers on mitigation-adaptation-biodiversity co-benefits. Prepare by comparing REDD and REDD+ objectives and real-world implications.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > 24.17. REDD & REDD+ > p. 337
🔗 Anchor: "Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme signifi..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 UN-REDD Programme: multi-agency capacity building & national readiness
💡 The insight

UN-REDD's role is to support countries to design and implement REDD+ strategies with stakeholder involvement — a practical pathway to reduce deforestation and protect biodiversity.

Important for UPSC: links institutional mechanisms to on-ground conservation outcomes. Helps answer questions on international climate finance, governance, and effectiveness of multilateral programmes. Study programme structure, agency roles, and readiness activities.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > UN-BEDD Programme > p. 347
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Forest Carbon Partnership Facility > p. 344
🔗 Anchor: "Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme signifi..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Results-based payments & the Warsaw Framework
💡 The insight

The Warsaw Framework provides decisions and results-based payment mechanisms that create incentives for demonstrable forest protection — tying finance to biodiversity outcomes.

Valuable concept: exam questions probe incentive structures and international frameworks. Understanding results-based finance clarifies how policy design drives implementation and accountability. Focus on how conditional payments encourage measurable conservation results.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+") > p. 330
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > 24.17. REDD & REDD+ > p. 337
🔗 Anchor: "Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme signifi..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 REDD vs REDD+ (scope and incentives)
💡 The insight

REDD+ expands REDD by including conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks — central to how the programme can deliver benefits.

Understanding the difference clarifies why REDD+ can generate both climate mitigation and socioeconomic incentives; UPSC questions often link environmental mechanisms to development outcomes. Master this to answer questions on forest policy, climate finance and rural livelihoods. Study definitions, scope, and examples of incentive-linked mechanisms.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > 24.17. REDD & REDD+ > p. 337
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+") > p. 330
🔗 Anchor: "Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme signifi..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Results-based payments & carbon service incentives
💡 The insight

References identify results-based payments and estimated carbon service revenues (e.g., USD 3 billion) as the financial channels through which REDD+ can deliver local benefits.

High-yield for essays and GS mains where links between climate finance and poverty alleviation are tested. Helps frame arguments on implementation design, fiscal flows, and conditionality. Prepare by studying payment-for-ecosystem-services models and country examples.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > L)" tr4 ...sk-r EHUIRSNMEN.= frjr > p. 338
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > Cutting emissions from deforestation - (the Warsaw Framework for REDD+") > p. 330
🔗 Anchor: "Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme signifi..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Capacity building and stakeholder inclusion in programme design
💡 The insight

UN-REDD supports national capacity to prepare/implement strategies with stakeholder involvement — key implementation elements that determine whether benefits reach the poor.

Frequently tested theme: policy design vs implementation gap. Useful for questions on programme effectiveness, decentralisation, and participatory approaches. Focus on institutional roles, stakeholder engagement, and implementation bottlenecks.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 24: Climate Change Organizations > UN-BEDD Programme > p. 347
🔗 Anchor: "Can proper design and effective implementation of the UN-REDD+ Programme signifi..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Agency Trap': UN-REDD is a partnership of FAO, UNDP, and UNEP. However, the 'Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF)' is managed by the World Bank. UPSC loves to swap these agencies in statements.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

The 'Utopian Qualifier' Hack. The question starts with 'Proper design and effective implementation...'. This removes all real-world flaws. In a theoretically perfect implementation, does saving a forest help the poor and the ecosystem? Yes. Extreme positive possibilities are usually correct in Science/Env questions.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-3 (Environment & Economy): Use REDD+ as a case study for 'Green Economy'. It monetizes 'Natural Capital' (forests) to fund 'Social Capital' (tribal livelihoods), linking Article 21 (Livelihood) with Article 48A (Environment).

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2017 · Q60 Relevance score: 1.09

With reference to the role of UN-Habitat in the United Nations programme working towards a better urban future, which of the statements is/are correct ? 1. UN-Habitat has been mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities to provide adequate shelter for all. 2. Its partners are either governments or local urban authorities only. 3. UN-Habitat contributes to the overall objective of the United Nations system to reduce poverty and to promote access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Select the correct answer using the code given below ;

IAS · 2015 · Q74 Relevance score: 0.29

With reference to 'Forest Carbon Partnership Facility', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is a global partnership of governments, businesses, civil society and indigenous peoples. 2. It provides financial aid to universities, individual scientists and institutions involved in scientific forestry research to develop eco-friendly and climate adaptation technologies for sustainable forest management. 3. It assists the countries in their 'REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation+)' efforts by providing them with financial and technical assistance. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

CAPF · 2011 · Q10 Relevance score: -0.27

Which of the following statements regarding United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is/aro correct ? 1. The theme for the year 2011 is 'Forest : Nature at Your Service*. 2. It underscores link between quality of life and health and forest ecosystem. 3. India is declared as a global host of World Environment Day 201 1. Select the corrcct answer using the code given below :

CDS-I · 2015 · Q76 Relevance score: -1.65

Which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. Professor Kamal Bawa was conferred with the Midori Prize (2014) for biodiversity for his research on climate change in the Himalayas. 2. Midori Prize is an annual international prize given to an individual for outstanding contribution to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity at global, regional or local levels. Select the correct answer using the code given below :