Question map
Recently, which of the following States has explored the possibility of constructing an artificial inland port to be connected to sea by a long navigational channel?
Explanation
Rajasthan, despite being a landlocked state, has explored the concept of an artificial inland port.[1] This is a unique infrastructure initiative where a landlocked state considers building an inland port facility that would be connected to the sea through a long navigational channel. The concept aims to improve logistics and trade connectivity for landlocked regions by providing access to maritime transport routes without having a natural coastline.
Among the given options, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka already have natural sea coasts, making the concept of connecting to the sea via a "long navigational channel" less relevant for them. Chhattisgarh, while also landlocked, did not explore this particular concept. Rajasthan stands out as the state that explored this innovative possibility of an artificial inland port[1], demonstrating creative thinking in overcoming geographical limitations for trade and commerce enhancement.
SourcesPROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question is a classic 'Geographical Anomaly' test. It bridges Current Affairs (the 2015-16 proposal) with Static Geography (Canal systems). It rewards aspirants who spot 'counter-intuitive' infrastructure projects—specifically, a desert state attempting to become a maritime entity.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: In 2016, did the Government of Andhra Pradesh explore constructing an artificial inland port connected to the sea by a long navigational channel?
- Statement 2: In 2016, did the Government of Chhattisgarh explore constructing an artificial inland port connected to the sea by a long navigational channel?
- Statement 3: In 2016, did the Government of Karnataka explore constructing an artificial inland port connected to the sea by a long navigational channel?
- Statement 4: In 2016, did the Government of Rajasthan explore constructing an artificial inland port connected to the sea by a long navigational channel?
- Contains the 2016 question exactly matching the claim and gives the official answer.
- Explicitly names Rajasthan (not Andhra Pradesh) as the state that explored an artificial inland port.
- Describes Andhra Pradesh awarding work for surveys and development of existing canal system for navigation (NW-4).
- Shows Andhra Pradesh pursued canal/navigation projects, but does not state it explored an artificial inland port connected by a long sea channel.
Describes the Sagarmala programme which promotes new port development and port-led connectivity as a central government policy encouraging port projects.
A student could check whether Andhra Pradesh proposals in 2016 were submitted or funded under Sagarmala or listed as new port/port-connectivity projects.
Notes the 2016 National Waterways Act and a focus on creating a wide waterways network, showing 2016 was a year of formal national-level emphasis on inland waterways.
One could examine National Waterways declarations or state proposals from 2016 to see if Andhra Pradesh proposed an inland port/channel then.
Describes the Sethu-Samudram Ship Channel Project: creation of a long artificial channel by dredging, providing an example of large-scale artificial maritime channels envisioned by government.
Compare the technical scale (length/width/depth) and policy rationale of the Sethu project to any Andhra Pradesh proposal to judge feasibility and precedent.
States that a Channel project would cut steaming time, fuel costs and boost traffic for small seaports including those in Andhra Pradesh, indicating such channel projects are proposed to benefit AP ports.
Use this pattern to see if Andhra Pradesh specifically proposed an inland port/channel in 2016 to obtain similar economic benefits.
Gives a concrete example of a state planning a long navigation canal (Rajasthan-Lakhpat), showing Indian states do consider constructing long inland-sea navigation channels.
A student could search state-level planning documents from 2016 to see if Andhra Pradesh had analogous canal/port proposals.
- This passage is a 2016 UPSC question and answer identifying which state explored an artificial inland port connected by a long navigational channel.
- The answer given names Rajasthan (not Chhattisgarh), thereby refuting that Chhattisgarh explored the idea in 2016.
The National Waterways Act, 2016 declared 111 inland waterways as National Waterways, showing a 2016 policy environment encouraging inland water transport expansion.
A student could use this to justify checking whether Chhattisgarh-related waterways or port proposals surfaced in 2016 under that national push (by comparing lists of NWs and state announcements).
Gives an example (Visakhapatnam) of a land‑locked harbour connected to the sea by an artificially cut channel, illustrating that artificial channels to connect inland ports to the sea are practiced in India.
A student could compare Chhattisgarh’s inland location and distance to nearest coast (from a map) to assess whether a similar channel project would be geographically plausible.
Describes a proposed ~300 km navigation canal (Sanchore–Lakhpat) that would link inland desert areas to the Arabian Sea, showing precedent for very long artificial channels in Indian planning documents.
Using this as a precedent, a student could estimate whether a canal of comparable length would be needed to link Chhattisgarh to the sea and thus whether authorities might plausibly explore such a scheme.
Describes the Sethu‑Samudram Ship Channel Project’s plan to create a long (167 km) artificial sea channel, another example of large-scale artificial channel projects considered by the Indian government.
A student could use the scale of this project as a benchmark to judge the technical and political feasibility of a Chhattisgarh-to-sea channel proposal in 2016.
Explains the role of the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) in developing and regulating inland waterways, identifying the national agency that would be involved in any inland‑port/channel proposals.
A student could search IWAI reports or 2016 ministry releases (guided by this snippet) to look for any mention of Chhattisgarh port/channel studies.
- The passage contains the 2016 question about which state explored constructing an artificial inland port connected to the sea by a long navigational channel.
- The answer given in the passage is 'Rajasthan', explicitly refuting Karnataka as the state that explored the idea.
Gives a clear example of a state government (Rajasthan) planning a long navigation canal to connect inland desert areas to the Arabian Sea.
A student could compare this planning pattern and technical specifications with Karnataka's geography and 2016 state government activities (news/government releases) to see if a similar proposal was plausible or reported.
Provides concrete technical details (length, width, depth, route, and geostrategic concerns) for a proposed 300 km navigation canal project in western India.
Use these project parameters as a template to judge whether any Karnataka proposal (in 2016) would be technically similar and check contemporary maps/news for proposed channel alignments from inland Karnataka to the sea.
Describes the central government's Sethu-Samudram Ship Channel Project concept of creating an artificial long channel by dredging shallow sea regions, showing precedent for large channel creation efforts.
A student could treat this as a national-level precedent and search 2016 federal/state interactions or proposals to see if Karnataka considered an inland port/channel along similar engineering lines.
Notes the National Waterways Act, 2016 and the declaration of many inland waterways, indicating 2016 was a year of central policy emphasis on inland navigation.
Combine this policy context with Karnataka's state-level initiatives or media in 2016 to assess whether the state explored an artificial inland port tied to a new navigational channel.
Identifies New Mangalore Port as Karnataka's major port and notes hinterland considerations, implying state interest in improving port connectivity and hinterland access.
A student could use this to reason that Karnataka might pursue alternative port/connectivity projects in 2016 and then check 2016 reports for proposals about artificial inland ports or long channels.
- The passage explicitly answers a 2016 question about which state explored an artificial inland port.
- It names Rajasthan and states the state explored the concept despite being landlocked.
Describes a proposed navigation canal between Lakhpat (Kori Creek, Arabian Sea) and Sanchore in Rajasthan, giving length, width, depth and that planning was in an initial phase with officials claiming viability.
A student could combine this project description with a 2016 timeline (news/government releases) or map to check whether Rajasthan government exploration activity overlapped that year.
States the Government of Rajasthan is planning a navigation canal making the Thar Desert accessible by water to the Arabian Sea.
Use this claim plus official state documents or press reports from 2016 to look for announcements or feasibility studies by Rajasthan authorities.
Presents the national 'Sagarmala' programme promoting new port development and port-led initiatives—a policy context that makes state-level port/canal proposals more plausible circa 2015–2016.
Check whether Rajasthan proposals were framed as part of or timed with Sagarmala/central port-promoting policies in or around 2016.
Gives a concrete precedent (Sethu Samudram Ship Channel Project) for creating long artificial channels (167 km) through dredging, showing such large-scale channel projects have been envisaged in India.
Compare the Sethu Samudram project's scale and government involvement with the Rajasthan–Lakhpat proposal to assess feasibility and likelihood of exploration in 2016.
Notes the National Waterways Act, 2016 declared many waterways as National Waterways, indicating 2016 was a year of policy emphasis on inland waterways development.
Use this policy milestone to search 2016 government records for related state initiatives or feasibility studies from Rajasthan proposing new inland waterways or port links.
- [THE VERDICT]: Current Affairs Sitter / Static Bouncer. Source: Widespread news in 2015-16; now covered in Majid Husain (Chapter: Transport).
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Inland Waterways & Port-led Development (Sagarmala). The trigger is the 'Geographical Irony'—a landlocked state seeking direct sea access.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize major proposed/operational water projects: 1) Kalpasar Project (Gulf of Khambhat dam), 2) Sethu Samudram (Palk Strait dredging), 3) NW-1 (Ganga: Haldia-Prayagraj), 4) NW-4 (Krishna-Godavari: Kakinada-Puducherry), 5) Ken-Betwa Link (MP-UP).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Filter news for 'First of its kind' or 'Engineering Marvels'. If a project claims to turn a desert into a port or link two massive rivers, it is potential UPSC fodder. Do not ignore state-level mega-projects if they alter national geography.
The references note the 2016 declaration of 111 National Waterways and the role of IWAI in promoting inland navigation, which frames any 2016 proposals for inland-port/channel projects.
High-yield for UPSC geography/infrastructure: understanding the 2016 legal push for inland waterways explains policy momentum for new ports/canals and links to questions on transport modal shift, intermodal connectivity and national infrastructure schemes. Study official acts, IWAI functions and examples of waterways to answer policy and map-based questions.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Inland Waterways > p. 81
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > Inland Water Transport > p. 459
References describe the SSCP concept of creating an artificial long channel by dredging shallow ocean regions — directly relevant to the idea of artificial ports linked by long navigation channels.
Important for questions on maritime engineering, strategic maritime routes and regional port development; it connects coastal geomorphology, environmental concerns and defence/geopolitics. Learn case studies (SSCP), technical aims (length/width/depth) and pros/cons to handle policy and environment-related subquestions.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Adam's Bridge (Ram Sethu) > p. 25
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Adam's Bridge (Ram Sethu) > p. 26
Examples of proposed long navigation canals (e.g., Sanchore–Lakhpat) highlight planning, feasibility, and geostrategic issues that accompany proposals for new navigational channels or inland ports.
Useful for answering questions that test assessment of infrastructure projects: viability, environmental/geopolitical constraints, and economic impacts. Compare multiple canal proposals, examine feasibility criteria, and practice framing pros/cons for UPSC mains answers.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Proposed Navigation Canal between Sanchore (Rajasthan) and Lakhpat (Gujarat) > p. 29
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Proposed Navigation Canal between Sanchore (Rajasthan) and Lakhpat (Gujarat) > p. 28
The statement refers to 2016 and an inland-port/sea-connection idea; the references include the National Waterways Act, 2016 which expanded declared waterways and is central to inland water transport policy.
Understanding the 2016 Act is high-yield for transport and infrastructure questions: it signals central policy direction on inland waterways, links to ministries (Ports, Shipping & Waterways) and programs (Sagarmala), and helps answer questions on national-level interventions versus state-led projects. Master by studying the Act's objectives, major declared waterways, and institutional roles (IWAI).
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Inland Waterways > p. 81
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Sagarmala Programme > p. 24
The idea of an inland port connected to the sea by a long navigational channel is conceptually similar to land-locked or artificially connected ports discussed in the references (e.g., Visakhapatnam, Paradwip and their hinterlands including Chhattisgarh).
This concept helps in questions on port location, hinterland economics, and engineering solutions (artificial channels). It connects physical geography (coasts, deltas) with economic geography (trade flows, hinterlands). Prepare by mapping major ports, their hinterlands, and examples of engineered sea-connections.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: International Trade > Can you find out the reasons for the variations in the location of ports along the two coasts? > p. 92
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Ports > p. 21
References cite proposed large navigation canals (Sanchore–Lakhpat) and major dredging proposals (Sethu Samudram), which are the same class of projects as an artificial inland port connected by a long channel.
Knowledge of landmark proposed canal projects is useful for questions on feasibility, geopolitical/geostrategic implications, and environmental concerns of waterway engineering. Study project details, routes, stated motivations, and controversies to answer policy-evaluation questions.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Proposed Navigation Canal between Sanchore (Rajasthan) and Lakhpat (Gujarat) > p. 28
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Proposed Navigation Canal between Sanchore (Rajasthan) and Lakhpat (Gujarat) > p. 29
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Adam's Bridge (Ram Sethu) > p. 25
The Act (2016) declared many national waterways and is directly relevant to any proposal for inland ports or long navigational channels.
High-yield for GS and Geography: understanding the 2016 expansion of national waterways explains legal/administrative enabling for inland water infrastructure. Connects to transport policy, logistics, and state/central roles (IWAI). Prepare by studying the Act, the list of National Waterways, and examples of operational stretches.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Inland Waterways > p. 81
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > Inland Water Transport > p. 459
The 'Kalpasar Project' (Gujarat). Often discussed in the same regional planning documents, it envisages a 30km dam across the Gulf of Khambhat to create a freshwater reservoir and tidal power. It is the logical 'next' mega-project question for Western India.
Use 'Geographical Redundancy'. Andhra Pradesh (A) and Karnataka (C) are coastal states; they build direct seaports, not 'artificial inland ports connected by long channels' (which implies overcoming a land barrier). This leaves Chhattisgarh (B) and Rajasthan (D). Chhattisgarh is rugged plateau/hilly terrain (expensive digging). Rajasthan is flat desert/salt flats (Rann of Kutch) where canal digging is historically proven (Indira Gandhi Canal). D is the only geographically viable candidate.
Mains GS-3 (Infrastructure & Logistics): Use this as a case study for 'Modal Shift'. Moving cargo via canal is 60% cheaper than road. Also links to GS-2 (Federalism): Rajasthan needs Gujarat's territory/cooperation to access the Arabian Sea, highlighting inter-state water governance.