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Consider the following : 1. Calcutta Unitarian Committee 2. Tabernacle of New Dispensation 3. Indian Reform Association Keshab Chandra Sen is associated with the establishment of which of the above?
Explanation
The correct answer is option B (2 and 3 only).
The Calcutta Unitarian Committee was established in 1823 by Rammohun Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, and William[2] Adam[1], not by Keshab Chandra Sen. Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.
In 1868, Keshub laid the foundation stone of his new church - the Tabernacle of New Dispensation[4] on 24th January[3], confirming his association with its establishment. Statement 2 is correct.
Keshub Chandra Sen established the Indian Reform[6] Association, which was formed on 29th October,[5] 1870 with Keshab Chandra Sen as President. Statement 3 is correct.
Since Keshab Chandra Sen was associated with the establishment of only the Tabernacle of New Dispensation (2) and the Indian Reform Association (3), but not the Calcutta Unitarian Committee (1), the correct answer is option B - 2 and 3 only.
SourcesPROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a classic 'Timeline & Association' trap. The question separates the 'Early Phase' (Rammohun Roy) from the 'Later Phase' (Keshab Chandra Sen). If you only memorized 'Brahmo Samaj' broadly without noting the specific schisms (Adi vs. India vs. Sadharan) and their unique institutions, you would struggle.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"1823 Establishment of the Calcutta Unitarian Committee by Rammohun Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, and William Adam"
Why this source?
- Explicitly names the founders of the Calcutta Unitarian Committee without mentioning Keshab Chandra Sen.
- Shows the committee was established in 1823 by Rammohun Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, and William Adam, implying Sen was not involved.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The calcutta Unitarian Committee was established by Rammohan Roy, Dwrkanath Tagore and William Adam"
Why this source?
- States the Calcutta Unitarian Committee was established by Rammohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore and William Adam.
- Also associates Keshab Chandra Sen with other institutions (Tabernacle, Indian Reform Association) but not with the Calcutta Unitarian Committee.
- Explicitly names the founders of the Calcutta Unitarian Committee without mentioning Keshab Chandra Sen.
- Shows the committee was established in 1823 by Rammohun Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, and William Adam, implying Sen was not involved.
- States the Calcutta Unitarian Committee was established by Rammohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore and William Adam.
- Also associates Keshab Chandra Sen with other institutions (Tabernacle, Indian Reform Association) but not with the Calcutta Unitarian Committee.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Prarthana Samaj > p. 211
Strength: 5/5
“In 1867, Keshab Chandra Sen helped Atmaram Pandurang found the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay. Earlier, the Brahmo ideas spread in Maharashtra. A precursor of the Prarthana”
Why relevant
States Keshab Chandra Sen helped Atmaram Pandurang found the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay (1867), showing he took part in founding new reform organisations outside his immediate base.
How to extend
A student could infer that since Sen co-founded societies elsewhere, it is plausible he might also have been involved in founding other bodies in Calcutta and should therefore check records of the Calcutta Unitarian Committee for his name or correspondence.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Keshab Chandra Sen and the Brahmo Samaj > p. 210
Strength: 4/5
“The Brahmo Samaj experienced another phase of energy, when Keshab Chandra Sen (1838-1884) was made the acharya by Debendranath Tagore soon after the former joined the Samaj in 1858. Keshab (also spelt Keshub) was instrumental in popularising the movement, and branches of the Samaj were opened outside Bengal—in the United Provinces, Punjab, Bombay, Madras and other towns. Unfortunately, Debendranath did not like some of Sen's ideas which he found too radical, such as cosmopolitanisation of the Samaj's meetings by inclusion of teachings from all religions and his strong views against the caste system, even open support to inter-caste marriages. Keshab Chandra Sen was dismissed from the office of acharya in 1865.”
Why relevant
Notes Sen's role in popularising the Brahmo Samaj and opening branches in multiple provinces, indicating a pattern of organizing and institutional expansion.
How to extend
Combine this pattern with knowledge that Unitarians and liberal Christian groups sometimes collaborated with Brahmo leaders to search archival lists of founders/meetings for Sen's participation.
History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 19: Towards Modernity > Brahmo Samaj (1828) > p. 300
Strength: 4/5
“After his death there was a steady decline but for the new lease life given to it by Devendranath Tagore (father of Rabindranath Tagore). After him the organization was taken forward by Keshab Chandra Sen from 1857. The strength of the organization is known from the number of branches it had in 1865, 54 Samajas (fifty in Bengal, two in North West Province, one each in Punjab and Madras). In Tamil Nadu, Kasi Viswanatha Mudaliar was an adherent of the Samaj and he wrote a play titled Brahmo Samaja Natakam to expound the ideas of the Samaj. He also wrote a tract in support of widow remarriage.”
Why relevant
Gives the scale of organisational growth under Sen (54 Samajas by 1865), implying he actively promoted and established formal bodies and committees.
How to extend
Use this as a reason to inspect organisational founding dates and minutes of Calcutta committees from the period to see if Sen's leadership role extended to a Unitarian committee.
History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 19: Towards Modernity > 19.6 Reform Movements in Tamilnadu > p. 305
Strength: 3/5
“As we saw earlier, the reform movements of the north India had its own impact on Tamilnadu. Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj had their branches. Keshab Chandra Sen visited Madras and lectured here. But Tamilnadu also saw its own reform movements.”
Why relevant
Records that Keshab Chandra Sen visited and lectured in Madras, indicating he travelled and engaged with reform networks outside Bengal.
How to extend
Given his mobility and networking, a student might look for evidence of his involvement in urban Calcutta committees (such as Unitarian groups) in travel accounts, lecture notices or society membership lists.
States Keshab Chandra Sen helped Atmaram Pandurang found the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay (1867), showing he took part in founding new reform organisations outside his immediate base.
A student could infer that since Sen co-founded societies elsewhere, it is plausible he might also have been involved in founding other bodies in Calcutta and should therefore check records of the Calcutta Unitarian Committee for his name or correspondence.
Notes Sen's role in popularising the Brahmo Samaj and opening branches in multiple provinces, indicating a pattern of organizing and institutional expansion.
Combine this pattern with knowledge that Unitarians and liberal Christian groups sometimes collaborated with Brahmo leaders to search archival lists of founders/meetings for Sen's participation.
Gives the scale of organisational growth under Sen (54 Samajas by 1865), implying he actively promoted and established formal bodies and committees.
Use this as a reason to inspect organisational founding dates and minutes of Calcutta committees from the period to see if Sen's leadership role extended to a Unitarian committee.
Records that Keshab Chandra Sen visited and lectured in Madras, indicating he travelled and engaged with reform networks outside Bengal.
Given his mobility and networking, a student might look for evidence of his involvement in urban Calcutta committees (such as Unitarian groups) in travel accounts, lecture notices or society membership lists.
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