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Q49 (IAS/2016) History & Culture ā€ŗ National Movement (1857ā€“1947) ā€ŗ Early national politics Official Key

The 'Swadeshi' and 'Boycott' were adopted as methods of struggle for the first time during the

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Your answer: ā€”  Ā·  Correct: A
Explanation

The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement began as a reaction to partition of Bengal which became known in 1903, was formally announced in July 1905 and came into force in October 1905.[1] The Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the anti-partition movement which was started to oppose the British decision to partition Bengal.[2] Boycott of British goods was one such method, which after much debate was accepted by the moderate leadership of the Indian National Congress. So, for the first time, the moderates went beyond their conventional political methods.[3] The movement evolved from moderate methods under leaders like Surendranath Banerjea (1903-05) to more militant tactics under extremist leaders like Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh (1905-08). The other optionsā€”Home Rule Movement (1916-18), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), and Simon Commission protests (1928)ā€”came much later and employed strategies that built upon the earlier Swadeshi-Boycott precedent set during the anti-partition agitation.

Sources
  1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement > p. 280
  2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement > p. 261
  3. [3] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > 2.2 Anti-Partition Movement > p. 19
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Q. The 'Swadeshi' and 'Boycott' were adopted as methods of struggle for the first time during the [A] agitation against the Partition of Beā€¦
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 Ā· 0/10
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This is a non-negotiable 'Sitter'. It validates that reading the basic chapter headings of Spectrum or NCERT is sufficient for core History questions. The question tests fundamental chronology and the evolution of political methods, requiring no current affairs linkage.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
In the Indian independence movement, during which event were the Swadeshi and Boycott methods first adopted?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement > p. 280
Presence: 5/5
ā€œā— The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement ā€¢ * Began as a reaction to partition of Bengal which became known in 1903, was formally announced in July 1905 and came into force in October 1905. The motive behind partition was to weaken Bengal which was the nerve centre of Indian nationalist activity; the official reason given for the partition was that Bengal had become too big to administerā€”which was true to some extent.ā€¢ * Moderate-led anti-partition movement (1903-05) was under Surendranath Banerjea, K.K. Mitra, Prithwishchandra Ray. Methods included public meetings, petitions, memoranda, propaganda through newspapers and pamphlets.ā€¢ * The movement under Extremists (1905-08) was led by Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghosh.ā€
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement began as a reaction to the Partition of Bengal (announced 1903, formalised 1905).
  • Links the origin of the movement directly to the partition, indicating when those methods were first mobilised.
History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > 2.2 Anti-Partition Movement > p. 19
Presence: 5/5
ā€œWith the failure to stop the partition of Bengal and the pressure exerted by the radical leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal, Aswini Kumar Dutta, and Aurobindo Ghose, the moderate leaders were forced to rethink their strategy, and look for new techniques of protest. Boycott of British goods was one such method, which after much debate was accepted by the moderate leadership of the Indian National Congress. So, for the first time, the moderates went beyond their conventional political methods. However, the agenda of Swadeshi movement was still restricted to securing an annulment of the partition and the moderates were very much against utilizing the campaign to start a full-scale passive resistance. militant nationalists, on the other hand, were in favor of extending the movement to other provinces too and to launch a full-fledged mass struggle.ā€
Why this source?
  • Says boycott of British goods was accepted by the Indian National Congress moderates during the antiā€‘partition movement.
  • Indicates that these methods were adopted as part of the antiā€‘partition (Antiā€‘Partition Movement) agitation.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 12: Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) > The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement > p. 261
Presence: 5/5
ā€œThe Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the anti-partition movement which was started to oppose the British decision to partition Bengal.ā€
Why this source?
  • States the Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the antiā€‘partition movement opposing the partition of Bengal.
  • Directly connects Swadeshi (and by context its boycott tactics) to the antiā€‘partition event.
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Which of the following are true in the context of Swadeshi movement in 1905? 1. Massive demonstrations were held in Bengal 2. Hartal was observed in Calcutta 3. The movement was initiated by the moderates, but was taken over by the revolutionary nationalists at a later stage Select the correct answer using the code given below: