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Q16 (IAS/2016) Polity & Governance › Governance, Policies & Social Justice › Social justice policies Official Key

"Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan' is a national campaign to

Explanation

Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan is the National Campaign for Dignity and Eradication of Manual Scavenging, focused on the eradication of the inhuman practice of manual scavenging and comprehensive rehabilitation of manual[3] scavengers in India. The campaign was launched by Jan Sahas in 2001 and has proven to be a very innovative and effective program to end manual scavenging[4]. By 2002, Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan had become a coalition of 30 community-based organizations from 13 Indian states working to encourage manual scavengers to voluntarily leave the practice[5]. The campaign's primary objective is not related to rehabilitation of homeless persons (Option A), sex workers (Option B), or bonded laborers (Option D), but specifically targets the elimination of manual scavenging—a caste-based discriminatory practice—and the dignified rehabilitation of those engaged in it. Therefore, option C accurately describes the purpose of this national campaign.

Sources
  1. [4] https://idsn.org/wp-content/uploads/user_folder/pdf/New_files/Key_Issues/Manual_scavenging/Maila_Mukti_Yatra_2012-13_-_Note.pdf
  2. [5] https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/08/25/cleaning-human-waste/manual-scavenging-caste-and-discrimination-india
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Q. "Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan' is a national campaign to [A] rehabilitate the homeless and destitute persons and provide them with suitable…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

This question punishes aspirants who ignore the 'Civil Society' aspect of the syllabus. It wasn't a government scheme but a massive NGO-led movement (Jan Sahas) that forced the 2013 legislation. Strategy: Track major social movements (like Narmada Bachao, Safai Karamchari Andolan) alongside government acts.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to rehabilitate homeless and destitute persons and provide them with suitable sources of livelihood?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Eradication of Inhuman Practice of Manual Scavenging and Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers in India By RASHTRIYA GARIMA ABHIYAN (National Campaign for Dignity and Eradication of Manual Scavenging)"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan as a national campaign focused on dignity and eradication of manual scavenging.
  • States the campaign's purpose as 'Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers', indicating rehabilitation focus but targeted to manual scavengers rather than broadly to all homeless/destitute.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"(1) To rehabilitate the homeless and destitute persons and provide them with suitable source of livelihood."
Why this source?
  • Contains the exact objective: 'To rehabilitate the homeless and destitute persons and provide them with suitable source of livelihood.'
  • This line shows such a rehabilitation-and-livelihood objective exists in some programme text, but the passage does not link this objective to Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan.

Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change > Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan > p. 84
Strength: 4/5
“The Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan was launched by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. It intends to reach out to the masses and spread awareness on the issue of avoiding substance abuse through active participation of the youth, women, and the community. The special focus is on the prevention of substance abuse among early-age children. The Government has launched a National De-addiction Helpline— 14446, to deal with drug addiction and to help drug addicts.”
Why relevant

Shows the pattern that 'Abhiyaan' (campaign) names are used for national initiatives launched by a government ministry (e.g., Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan).

How to extend

A student could infer that a scheme named 'Rashtriya ... Abhiyaan' might similarly be a centrally launched campaign and then check ministry notifications or programme descriptions to verify its objectives.

Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION > Check your progress > p. 44
Strength: 5/5
“44 It is estimated that there are about three million urban homeless in India. Night shelters are not available for more than five per cent of this population. Hundreds of these old, sick homeless people are killed by cold wave during winter. They cannot have ration and voting cards in the absence of any 'proof of residence'. Without these documents they also cannot avail government help as needy patients. A large number of these homeless people are casual workers, who earn very low wages. They travel to the city in search of work from different parts of the country. Use these facts to write a petition to the Supreme Court of India under the Right to Constitutional Remedies.”
Why relevant

Provides concrete facts about the scale and needs of the urban homeless (lack of night shelters, ID documents), highlighting typical rehabilitation needs addressed by policies.

How to extend

One could use this to reason that a campaign claiming to rehabilitate homeless persons would likely include provisions for shelters, identity documentation, and access to services—so check if Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan lists these components.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 19: Towards Modernity > Pandita Ramabai (1858-1922) > p. 303
Strength: 4/5
“Ramabai started the Sharada Sadan (shelter for homeless) for the destitute widows with the help of Ranade and Bhandarkar. But soon she was accused of converting Hindu women to Christianity and hence had to shift her activities to Khedgoan near Poona. She established a Mukti Sadan (freedom house) there. Soon there were 2000 children and women in the house. Vocational training was given to make them self-reliant.”
Why relevant

Gives an historical example (Sharada Sadan/Mukti Sadan) where shelters plus vocational training were used to make destitute persons self-reliant.

How to extend

A student could compare the program elements (shelter + vocational training) with the stated components of Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan to judge whether it fits the rehabilitation + livelihood model.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > Access to livelihood and skill development: 3. > p. 243
Strength: 4/5
“New entrants should be informed about livelihood programmes such as National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) and Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY).”
Why relevant

Lists national livelihood programmes (NRLM, NULM, PMKVY) as established mechanisms for providing skill development and livelihood access.

How to extend

Use this to test whether Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan partners with or resembles these missions (e.g., targets urban/rural livelihoods or skill training) to assess its livelihood provision claim.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Envisioning a New Socio-Economic Order > Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA) > p. 121
Strength: 3/5
“It has come down substantially in India. It is now widely recognised that eradicating rural poverty can be achieved only by expanding the scope for non-agricultural employment. Many programmes to generate additional employment had been introduced over the years. Many were merged with the employment guarantee scheme, which is now the biggest programme on this front in the country. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (subsequently renamed MGNREGA after Mahatma Gandhi) was passed in 2005, with the aim of providing livelihood security to poor rural households. This was to be achieved by giving at Provide at least 100 days of wage employment each year to adult members of every household willing to do unskilled manual work.”
Why relevant

Describes MGNREGA as a major statutory programme aimed at livelihood security—illustrating the kind of large-scale intervention that provides livelihoods to vulnerable groups.

How to extend

A student could check whether Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan coordinates with or complements national livelihood guarantees like MGNREGA when claiming to provide suitable livelihood sources.

Statement 2
Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to release sex workers from their practice and provide them with alternative sources of livelihood?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"In 2002, Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan—a coalition of 30 community-based organizations from 13 Indian states—started a campaign to encourage manual scavengers to voluntarily leave the practice."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan and describes its purpose.
  • States the campaign encouraged manual scavengers to voluntarily leave the practice and notes thousands were 'liberated', indicating focus on manual scavenging rather than sex work.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"To rehabilitate the homeless and destitute persons and provide them with suitable source of livelihood. (2) To release the sex workers from their practice ...Read more"
Why this source?
  • Contains the line 'To release the sex workers from their practice', showing some initiatives aim to rehabilitate sex workers and provide livelihoods.
  • The passage does not mention Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan by name, so it does not directly link that organization to this objective.

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition > Promoting Gender Sensitivity through 'Beti Bachao–Beti Padhao' Social Campaign > p. 12
Strength: 4/5
“All efforts need to be made to address the denial of opportunities of education, employment, political representation, low wages for similar types of work, disregard to their entitlement to live a dignified life, etc. A society, which fails to acknowledge and take effective measures to remove such discriminations, cannot be treated as a civilised one. The Government of India has duly acknowleged the adverse impacts of these discriminations and launched a nationwide campaign called 'Beti Bachao – Beti Padhao'.”
Why relevant

Shows the Government launches nationwide 'Abhiyaan' campaigns (e.g., 'Beti Bachao–Beti Padhao') to address social discrimination and promote welfare.

How to extend

A student could check whether 'Rashtriya ... Abhiyaan' follows this naming/policy pattern and is therefore likely to be a government-led social campaign addressing vulnerable groups.

Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change > Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan > p. 84
Strength: 4/5
“The Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan was launched by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. It intends to reach out to the masses and spread awareness on the issue of avoiding substance abuse through active participation of the youth, women, and the community. The special focus is on the prevention of substance abuse among early-age children. The Government has launched a National De-addiction Helpline— 14446, to deal with drug addiction and to help drug addicts.”
Why relevant

Describes another national 'Abhiyaan' (Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan) launched by a central ministry to address a social problem and provide helpline/support.

How to extend

One could infer that similarly named campaigns may be ministry-backed and provide outreach or alternative services, so verify which ministry (if any) sponsors Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 15: Regional Development and Planning > 7. Increase in Crime Rate > p. 71
Strength: 3/5
“Crime against property and crimes against females are on the increase in the capital. According to UN experts, Delhi has become a hub for traffickers. The traffickers in Delhi supply domestic labour, provide child labour, bonded labour to brick-kilns in Haryana, UP, and Punjab, and run flesh trade racket. Tribes like Bedia, Nat and Kanjar are active in trafficking.”
Why relevant

Mentions trafficking and 'flesh trade' involving specific communities, linking sex work/trafficking with identified social problems in India.

How to extend

A student might use this to justify looking for programmes aimed at those communities (e.g., targeted rehabilitation or livelihood schemes) when investigating Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 29: Public Interest Litigation > SCOPE OF PIL > p. 310
Strength: 3/5
“In 1988, the Supreme Court formulated a set of guidelines to be followed for entertaining letters or petitions received by it as PIL. These guidelines were modified in 1993 and 2003. According to them, the letters or petitions falling under the following categories alone will ordinarily be entertained as PIL: • 1. Bonded labour matters • 2. Neglected children • 3. Non-payment of minimum wages to workers and exploitation of casual workers and complaints of violation of Labour Laws (except in individual cases) • 4. Petitions from jails complaining of harassment, for pre-mature release and seeking release after having completed 14 years in jail, death in jail, transfer, release on personal bond, speedy trial as a fundamental right”
Why relevant

Lists PIL categories including bonded labour and exploitation, indicating legal and policy attention to forced/exploitative labour situations.

How to extend

This suggests routes (court/PIL) and policy frameworks exist to support release/rehabilitation of exploited persons; a student could check whether Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan operates within such frameworks.

Political Theory, Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Citizenship > CITIZENSHIP, EQUALITY AND RIGHTS > p. 88
Strength: 4/5
“The Supreme Court gave an important decision regarding the rights of slum-dwellers in Bombay in response to a Public Interest Litigation filed by a social activist, Olga Tellis against Bombay Municipal Corporation in 1985. The petition claimed the right to live on pavements or in slums because there was no alternative accommodation available close to their place of work. If they were forced to move they would lose their livelihood as well. The Supreme Court said, "Article 21 of the Constitution which guaranteed the right to life included the right to livelihood. Therefore if pavement dwellers were to be evicted they should first be provided alternative accommodation under the right to shelter." approached the courts.”
Why relevant

Supreme Court recognition that right to life includes right to livelihood and that evicted persons should be provided alternative accommodation/livelihood.

How to extend

This precedent supports the plausible policy principle that programmes seeking to remove people from certain livelihoods should offer alternatives; one could test whether Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan explicitly follows this principle.

Statement 3
Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to eradicate the practice of manual scavenging and rehabilitate manual scavengers?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The “Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan” (National Campaign for Dignity and Elimination of Manual Scavenging) launched by Jan Sahas in 2001 has proven to be a very innovative and effective program to end manual scavenging."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan as the 'National Campaign for Dignity and Elimination of Manual Scavenging'.
  • States the campaign was launched to end manual scavenging and has liberated manual scavengers.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"in 2002, Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan—a coalition of 30 community-based organizations from 13 Indian states—started a campaign to encourage manual scavengers to voluntarily leave the practice."
Why this source?
  • Describes Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan as a coalition campaign encouraging manual scavengers to leave the practice.
  • Provides outcome evidence: thousands of women 'liberated' through the campaign, indicating rehabilitation/exit activity.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Eradication of Inhuman Practice of Manual Scavenging and Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers in India By RASHTRIYA GARIMA ABHIYAN (National Campaign for Dignity and Eradication of Manual Scavenging)"
Why this source?
  • Document title explicitly links Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan to eradication of manual scavenging and comprehensive rehabilitation.
  • Positions the Abhiyan as a national campaign addressing both eradication and rehabilitation of manual scavengers.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Health Policy > p. 781
Strength: 5/5
“It was a nation-wide campaign in India aimed at cleaning up the streets, roads, and infrastructure of India's cities, towns and rural areas, and doing away with manual scavenging. The main aim was to make the country free of open defecation to which purpose government encouraged the building of toilets. In 2018, the World Health Organisation said thousands of deaths from diarrhoea were averted in rural India after the launch of the sanitation mission.”
Why relevant

Describes a nation-wide campaign aimed at cleaning public spaces and 'doing away with manual scavenging', showing such campaigns have explicit sanitation/manual-scavenging goals.

How to extend

A student could compare the language, scope, and timeframe of this described campaign with descriptions of Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan (from other sources) to see if they match in objective and scale.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 13: The Value of Work > The strength of community participation > p. 192
Strength: 4/5
“The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is based on the collective efforts of all Indian citizens to keep our surroundings clean. Individually, we keep our homes and surroundings clean. People have also come together to clean up streets, roads, parks and other public places or community areas. Together, these efforts lead to a clean home, neighbourhood, society and nation. Another example of collective community participation is the celebration of Van Mahotsav (the festival of forests) in India to promote awareness about the value of trees and the conservation”
Why relevant

Explains Swachh Bharat Abhiyan as a collective national sanitation campaign, giving a pattern of how India runs nationwide cleanliness drives.

How to extend

Use this pattern to check whether Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan is similarly structured (national, citizen participation, sanitation focus) which would support it being a national campaign against manual scavenging.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > Presently, in India, identification of poor is done by the State Governments based on information from Below Poverty Line (BPL) censuses of which the latest is the Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011). > p. 256
Strength: 5/5
“The SECC 2011 ranked households in three categories: • Automatically Excluded: Households meeting exclusion criteria any of the 13 assets and income-based parameters (for example one parameter is 'a household member govt. employee') are automatically excluded from welfare benefits;• Automatically Included: Households satisfying inclusion criteria any one of the 5 acute social destitution parameters (households without shelter, destitute living on alms, manual scavenger families, primitive tribal groups, bonded labours) are automatically included for welfare benefits;• Others: "Others" are ranked on the basis of 7 indicators of deprivation and would, resources permitting be eligible for welfare benefits. Unlike BPL Censuses, SECC-2011 allows for the first time to track the deprivation of households and address gaps effectively with focus on multi-dimensionality of poverty.”
Why relevant

Shows official recognition of 'manual scavenger families' in SECC 2011 as a distinct vulnerable category eligible for welfare, indicating government programs often target manual scavengers for rehabilitation.

How to extend

A student could infer that national campaigns addressing sanitation often include rehabilitation components and then look for evidence that Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan included such welfare/rehabilitation measures.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: Peasants, Zamindars and the State > 2.1 Caste and the rural milieu > p. 202
Strength: 3/5
“communities too. In Muslim communities menials like the halalkhoran (scavengers) were housed outside the boundaries of the village; similarly the mallahzadas (literally, sons of boatmen) in Bihar were comparable to slaves. There was a direct correlation between caste, poverty and social status at the lower strata of society. Such correlations were not so marked at intermediate levels. In a manual from seventeenthcentury Marwar, Rajputs are mentioned as peasants, sharing the same space with Jats, who were accorded a lower status in the caste hierarchy. The Gauravas, who cultivated land around Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh), sought Rajput status in the seventeenth century.”
Why relevant

Provides historical/social context linking caste, poverty, and manual menial occupations (like scavenging), suggesting campaigns against manual scavenging are both social and policy issues.

How to extend

Apply this context to expect that a credible national campaign (like Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan) would address social stigma and rehabilitation, prompting checks for such components in its description.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Tolstoy Farm > p. 314
Strength: 2/5
“As at the Phoenix settlement, at Tolstoy Farm too, manual work went hand-in-hand with instruction. Vocational training was introduced to give "all-round development to the boys and girls". Co-educational classes were held, and boys and girls were encouraged to work together. The activities included general labour, cooking, scavenging, sandalmaking, simple carpentry and messenger work. Manual work such as sweeping, scavenging and fetching water was perceived to be invaluable to the psychological, social and moral well-being of an integrated community. Gandhi's objective in this context was to inculcate the ideals of social service and citizenship besides a healthy respect for manual work from the early formative years itself.”
Why relevant

Notes Gandhi's promotion of manual work (including scavenging) as social practice, illustrating historical approaches to manual scavenging that differ from eradication/rehabilitation models.

How to extend

Use this as a contrast: if Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan is framed as eradication and rehabilitation, it represents a different, policy-led approach than historical integrationist views—so look for explicit modern policy language.

Statement 4
Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to release bonded labourers from bondage and rehabilitate them?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The “Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan” (National Campaign for Dignity and Elimination of Manual Scavenging) launched by Jan Sahas in 2001"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan as a national campaign focused on elimination of manual scavenging.
  • Describes the campaign's launch and its activity of liberating manual scavengers, not bonded labourers.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Eradication of Inhuman Practice of Manual Scavenging and Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers in India By RASHTRIYA GARIMA ABHIYAN (National Campaign for Dignity and Eradication of Manual Scavenging)"
Why this source?
  • Title identifies Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan as a campaign for eradication of manual scavenging and rehabilitation of manual scavengers.
  • Shows the campaign's stated focus is manual scavenging, not releasing bonded labourers from bondage.

Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION > RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION > p. 37
Strength: 5/5
“In our country there are millions of people who are underprivileged and deprived. They may be subjected to exploitation by their fellow human beings. One such form of exploitation in our country has been begar or forced labour without payment. Another closely related form of exploitation is buying and selling of human beings and using them as slaves. Both of these are prohibited under the Constitution. Forced labour was imposed by landlords, moneylenders and other wealthy persons in the past. Some form of bonded labour still continues in the country, specially in brick kiln work. It has now been declared a crime and it is punishable.”
Why relevant

Explains that bonded labour is a recognized form of exploitation in India and has been criminalised, showing the issue is a subject of national legal and policy concern.

How to extend

A student could take this rule (bonded labour is a declared crime) and check whether national campaigns or programmes have been launched to implement the law—e.g., look for an Indian government campaign named Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan related to bonded labour release.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > II I Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour > p. 93
Strength: 5/5
“The term 'begar' means compulsory work without remuneration. It was a peculiar Indian system under which the local zamindars sometimes used to force their tenants to render services without any payment. In addition to begar, the Article 23 prohibits other 'similar forms of forced labour' like 'bonded labour'. The term 'forced labour' means compelling a person to work against His/her will. The word 'force' includes not only physical or legal force but also force arising from the compulsion of economic circumstances, that is, working for less than the minimum wage. In this regard, the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976; the Minimum Wages Act, 1948; the Contract Labour Act, 1970 and the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 were made.”
Why relevant

Defines 'bonded labour' and lists central statutes (Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976) indicating institutional mechanisms for abolition and rehabilitation.

How to extend

Using the existence of statutory abolition and rehabilitation provisions, a student could search for national-level initiatives or campaigns (by name) that operationalise these statutory duties, such as programmes to release and rehabilitate bonded labourers.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Introduction to the Constitution of India [Chapter 8 > p. 132
Strength: 4/5
“INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA [CHAP. 8 • I. Right not to be subjected to bonded labor and to be rehabilitated after release. • 2. Right to livelihood. • 3. Right to a decent environment. • 4. Right to appropriate life insurance policy. • 5. Right to good health. • 6. Right to food, water, education (not professional or special), medical care and shelter. • 7. Prisoner's right to have necessities of life. • 8. Right to speedy, fair and open trial. • 9. Right of women to be treated with decency and dignity. • 10. Right of privacy.”
Why relevant

Mentions 'Right not to be subjected to bonded labor and to be rehabilitated after release' as a legal/constitutional concern, implying state responsibility for rehabilitation.

How to extend

A student could use this constitutional framing to infer that any legitimate national campaign addressing bonded labour would include rehabilitation components and then verify if Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan includes such components.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 29: Public Interest Litigation > SCOPE OF PIL > p. 310
Strength: 3/5
“In 1988, the Supreme Court formulated a set of guidelines to be followed for entertaining letters or petitions received by it as PIL. These guidelines were modified in 1993 and 2003. According to them, the letters or petitions falling under the following categories alone will ordinarily be entertained as PIL: • 1. Bonded labour matters • 2. Neglected children • 3. Non-payment of minimum wages to workers and exploitation of casual workers and complaints of violation of Labour Laws (except in individual cases) • 4. Petitions from jails complaining of harassment, for pre-mature release and seeking release after having completed 14 years in jail, death in jail, transfer, release on personal bond, speedy trial as a fundamental right”
Why relevant

Lists 'Bonded labour matters' among categories ordinarily entertained as Public Interest Litigation, signalling high-level judicial and public attention to bonded labour issues.

How to extend

Given this public-importance classification, a student could reasonably expect nationwide responses (government campaigns or NGO-led national drives) and then look up whether Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan is one such nationwide response focused on release and rehabilitation.

Democratic Politics-I. Political Science-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS > Right against E against E against Exploitation > p. 83
Strength: 3/5
“When this practice takes place on a life-long basis, it is called the practice of bonded labour. Finally, the Constitution also prohibits child labour. No one can employ a child below the age of fourteen to work in any factory or mine or in any other hazardous work, such as railways and ports. Using this as a basis many laws have been made to prohibit children from working in industries such as beedi making, firecrackers and matches, printing and dyeing. On the basis of these news reports write a letter to the editor or a petition to a court highlighting the violation of right against exploitation: A petition was filed in the Madras High Court.”
Why relevant

Describes the practice and social context of bonded labour (life-long servitude, child labour links) showing why targeted campaigns for release and rehabilitation would be needed.

How to extend

A student could use the described social harms as criteria (release, child protection, rehabilitation) to evaluate whether Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan’s stated objectives match those needs.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC frequently tests the 'Social Sector' by naming specific campaigns (Abhiyaans) rather than just the Acts. The pattern is to pick initiatives that restore *fundamental human dignity* to the most marginalized (Dalits/Manual Scavengers).
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Current Affairs-Linked Sitter. If you read newspapers during 2012-2015 regarding the Manual Scavenging Act 2013, this campaign was the headline driver.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Social Justice > Vulnerable Sections > Manual Scavenging (Article 17).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize: PEMSR Act 2013 (replaces 1993 Act), Safai Karamchari Andolan (Bezwada Wilson), NAMASTE Scheme (Ministry of Social Justice + Housing), SRMS (Rehabilitation scheme), Bandhua Mukti Morcha (Bonded Labour - Swami Agnivesh).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: UPSC asks about the *catalysts* of change. The 2013 Act didn't appear in a vacuum; it came from the 'Maila Mukti Yatra' and 'Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan'. Always ask 'Who pushed for this law?' when studying social acts.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Livelihood & skill-development schemes (NRLM, NULM, PMKVY, MGNREGA)
💡 The insight

The statement concerns providing livelihoods; the references list central programmes aimed at livelihood security and skill development for vulnerable groups.

High-yield for UPSC: questions on poverty alleviation and employment policy frequently test objectives, beneficiaries and differences between rural/urban schemes. Study comparative objectives, target groups, and implementation challenges to answer policy evaluation and GS mains questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > Access to livelihood and skill development: 3. > p. 243
  • Economics, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge > Anti-Poverty Measures > p. 39
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Envisioning a New Socio-Economic Order > Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA) > p. 121
🔗 Anchor: "Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to rehabilitate homeless and de..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Urban homelessness: shelters, documentation, and access to entitlements
💡 The insight

Rehabilitation of homeless persons requires addressing shelter availability and lack of identity/proof, issues highlighted in the references.

Often tested under governance, social justice and rights — knowing practical barriers (night shelters, proof-of-residence, entitlement access) helps frame policy recommendations and legal remedies in answers.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION > Check your progress > p. 44
🔗 Anchor: "Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to rehabilitate homeless and de..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Rehabilitation models: shelters plus vocational training
💡 The insight

The statement links rehabilitation with providing livelihood; a reference gives an example where shelter was coupled with vocational training to make destitute self-reliant.

Useful for essay and GS answers on role of civil society and programme design. Master examples of integrated rehabilitation (shelter + skill training) to propose scalable interventions and critique government schemes.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 19: Towards Modernity > Pandita Ramabai (1858-1922) > p. 303
🔗 Anchor: "Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to rehabilitate homeless and de..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 National social campaigns in India (purpose & examples)
💡 The insight

The statement describes a national campaign to rehabilitate a vulnerable group; the references include examples of nation-wide social campaigns (e.g., Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan, Beti Bachao–Beti Padhao).

UPSC often asks about government social campaigns: their objectives, implementing ministries, and target groups. Mastering how campaigns are framed and compared enables candidates to answer questions on public policy design, evaluation, and administrative responsibility. Prepare by cataloguing major campaigns, their aims, implementing bodies and evaluation indicators.

📚 Reading List :
  • Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change > Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan > p. 84
  • INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition > Promoting Gender Sensitivity through 'Beti Bachao–Beti Padhao' Social Campaign > p. 12
🔗 Anchor: "Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to release sex workers from the..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Right to livelihood and constitutional remedies (Olga Tellis precedent)
💡 The insight

The statement’s focus on providing alternative livelihood connects to the Supreme Court ruling that right to life under Article 21 includes right to livelihood and that evictions require alternatives.

Questions on fundamental rights, PILs and judicial interpretation (Article 21) are frequent. Understanding landmark cases like Olga Tellis helps answer mains and prelims items on socio-economic rights, state obligations, and relief measures. Study case facts, holdings, and implications for policy and welfare programmes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Political Theory, Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Citizenship > CITIZENSHIP, EQUALITY AND RIGHTS > p. 88
🔗 Anchor: "Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to release sex workers from the..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Human trafficking, vulnerable communities and rehabilitation needs
💡 The insight

Sex work and forced/exploitative recruitment overlap with trafficking concerns; references identify communities and trafficking patterns relevant to policy responses and need for alternative livelihoods.

Civil services questions probe crime, trafficking, and rehabilitation policy. Knowing the profiles of vulnerable groups, trafficking routes, and policy levers helps in writing balanced answers and policy prescriptions. Revise reports, law provisions and intervention models; connect to social welfare and law enforcement modules.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 15: Regional Development and Planning > 7. Increase in Crime Rate > p. 71
🔗 Anchor: "Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to release sex workers from the..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Manual scavenging and state-led eradication efforts
💡 The insight

The references refer to nation-wide sanitation campaigns aimed at 'doing away with manual scavenging' and identify manual scavenger families in welfare classifications, which is directly related to eradication and rehabilitation goals.

High-yield for UPSC topics on social justice, public health and welfare policy — questions often probe government responses to entrenched social practices and rehabilitation measures. Master this to link sanitation missions, caste-based occupational issues, and targeted welfare measures; prepare by mapping schemes, legal frameworks, and social indicators cited in official reports and textbooks.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Health Policy > p. 781
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > Presently, in India, identification of poor is done by the State Governments based on information from Below Poverty Line (BPL) censuses of which the latest is the Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011). > p. 256
🔗 Anchor: "Is Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan a national campaign to eradicate the practice of ma..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

Bezwada Wilson & Safai Karamchari Andolan: They won the Magsaysay Award (2016) for similar work. A future question could target the NAMASTE Scheme (100% mechanization of sewer cleaning) or the Swachhta Udyami Yojana.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

The 'Dignity' Specificity Hack: 'Garima' (Dignity) is the central theme of the anti-untouchability movement. While bonded labour (Bandhua Mukti) and sex work involve exploitation, the specific Hindi nomenclature for restoring dignity to those cleaning human waste is historically tied to 'Garima'. Option C is the only one addressing a specific *caste-based* historical practice (Article 17), making it the strongest candidate for a 'Rashtriya' moral campaign.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS2 (Social Justice) & GS4 (Ethics): Use this as a case study for 'Civil Society as a Pressure Group.' How an NGO campaign (Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan) successfully lobbied for the passing of the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-I · 2013 · Q22 Relevance score: -2.36

Which one among the following programmes has now been restructured as the National Rural Livelihood Mission?

IAS · 2025 · Q30 Relevance score: -3.09

Consider the following statements about the Rashtriya Gokul Mission : I. It is important for the upliftment of rural poor as majority of low producing indigenous animals are with small and marginal farmers and landless labourers. II. It was initiated to promote indigenous cattle and buffalo rearing and conservation in a scientific and holistic manner. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

IAS · 2009 · Q6 Relevance score: -4.28

With reference to the scheme launched by the Union Government, consider the following statements: 1. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana 2. Ministry of Textiles launched the Rajiv Gandhi Shilpi Swasthya Bima Yojana Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

CDS-II · 2021 · Q68 Relevance score: -4.63

Which one of the following target groups is the beneficiary of ‘Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan’ scheme ?

CDS-I · 2024 · Q73 Relevance score: -4.87

Consider the following statements regarding the Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan: 1. This programme is initiated by the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. 2. It aims to develop an inclusive society for persons with disabilities. 3. It has provisions of pension for persons with disabilities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?