Question map
With reference to pre-packaged items in India, it is mandatory to the manufacturer to put which of the following information on the main label, as per the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011? 1. List of ingredients including additives 2. Nutrition information 3. Recommendations, if any, made by the medical profession about the possibility of any allergic reactions 4. Vegetarian/non-vegetarian Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Explanation
Regulation 2.2 of the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011 prescribes the general requirements for labelling of pre-packaged food which includes the clause regarding nutritional information on food labels.[2] Every package of food shall carry specific information on the label in addition to general labelling requirements[5], which includes the list of ingredients including additives, nutrition information, and vegetarian/non-vegetarian declaration.
Statement 1 is correct as the list of ingredients including additives is a mandatory requirement. Statement 2 is correct as nutritional information must be provided on labels. Statement 4 is correct as vegetarian/non-vegetarian status is a well-established mandatory labelling requirement under these regulations.
However, statement 3 is incorrect. While allergen information may need to be declared if allergens are present in ingredients, there is no requirement to print recommendations made by the medical profession about allergic reactions on the main label. The regulations focus on factual product information rather than medical recommendations from external bodies.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C (1, 2, and 4 only).
Sources- [1] https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1485854
- [2] https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1485854
- [3] https://fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Compendium_Packaging_Labelling_Regulations_27_08_2020.pdf
- [4] https://fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Compendium_Packaging_Labelling_Regulations_27_08_2020.pdf
- [5] https://fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Compendium_Packaging_Labelling_Regulations_27_08_2020.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Eyes Open' question. It rewards active observation of daily life (reading the back of a biscuit packet) rather than rote memorization of legal texts. It tests 'Applied Awareness'—connecting the product in your hand to the regulatory framework (FSSAI) governing it.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is it mandatory under the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011 for manufacturers of pre-packaged food items in India to print a list of ingredients including additives on the main label?
- Statement 2: Is it mandatory under the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011 for manufacturers of pre-packaged food items in India to print nutrition information on the main label?
- Statement 3: Is it mandatory under the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011 for manufacturers of pre-packaged food items in India to print recommendations, if any, made by the medical profession about the possibility of any allergic reactions on the main label?
- Statement 4: Is it mandatory under the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011 for manufacturers of pre-packaged food items in India to declare vegetarian/non-vegetarian status on the main label?
States the FPO mark is a mandatory certification mark on processed fruit products and is displayed on packaging, implying specific labelling requirements are prescribed for certain food categories.
A student could infer that if specific categories have mandatory marks, the FSS/FSSAI likely prescribes other mandatory labelling elements (like ingredient lists) and should check the 2011 Regulations or sample packaged fruit product labels to confirm.
Explains that some producers must obtain certification and display logos for items affecting health (examples include food colours and additives), indicating regulators require particular labelling for health-relevant inputs.
From this pattern one could reasonably suspect FSSAI rules mandate disclosure of additives/ingredients and verify by consulting the Packaging & Labelling Regulations or inspecting labels of products containing additives.
Notes that FSSAI issues regulations (e.g., for organic foods) that dictate how products are labelled and certified, showing FSSAI uses regulation to mandate label content for specific product claims.
Use this as a template: if FSSAI mandates label elements for 'organic', it may similarly mandate ingredient listing for pre-packaged foods — check the text of the Packaging & Labelling Regulations 2011 or certified packaged-food examples.
States the presence of the FSSAI symbol on packets indicates government testing and confirms that government agencies provide certifications that confirm products meet minimum quality standards — implying regulatory control over labelling.
This suggests a regulatory framework controlling label claims; a student could inspect FSSAI-labelled products or the 2011 Regulations to see whether ingredient lists are among required label elements.
Observes that provisions of the Food Safety & Standards Act, 2006 are not always effectively complied with, implying that while regulations (including labelling) may exist, enforcement/compliance can vary.
This warns a student that finding some packaged goods without ingredient lists could reflect poor compliance rather than absence of a rule; so verification should rely on the regulation text rather than label surveys alone.
- Explicitly states Regulation 2.2 of the Packaging and Labelling Regulations prescribes general labelling requirements and 'includes the clause regarding nutritional information on food labels'.
- Directly ties the Regulations to a requirement about nutritional information on food labels for pre-packaged foods.
- States that every package of food 'shall carry the following information on the label', indicating mandatory labelling content for pre-packaged foods.
- Supports that required information (as referenced in Regulation 2.2) must appear on the product label.
- Begins by stating: 'As per Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011, every pre-packaged food is required to contain on the label...' which supports a mandatory labelling requirement.
- Corroborates other passages that the Regulations require specified information on pre-packaged food labels (including nutritional information as per Regulation 2.2).
States that the FPO mark is mandatory on all processed fruit products under the Food Safety and Standards Act, showing the Act/regulations can and do prescribe mandatory marks/labels for specific food categories.
A student could infer that FSSAI regulations similarly may mandate other label elements (like nutrition) for certain categories and should check the specific 2011 regulations for scope and mandatory items.
Explains that products labelled 'organic' are required to be certified and to bear the Jaivik Bharat and programme logos—an example of mandatory label information prescribed by FSSAI regulations.
Use this pattern (regulations mandating certification/logo on labels) to suspect that nutrition declaration could likewise be mandated and look up the Packaging & Labelling Regulations text for required label elements.
Specifies that FSSAI notified Organic Foods Regulation 2017 requiring organic certification and labelling, demonstrating FSSAI's practice of specifying labelling requirements via subordinate regulations.
From this pattern, a student can reasonably check other FSSAI regulations (e.g., Packaging & Labelling 2011) to see if nutrition information is similarly prescribed as mandatory.
Notes that while many certification logos exist, for some products that affect health or are mass-consumption items (e.g., packaged drinking water, food colours and additives) certification is mandatory—showing regulators mandate labels for health-critical items.
A student could extend this by asking whether nutrition information is treated as a health-critical labelling requirement for pre-packaged foods and then verify the 2011 regulations.
States the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 replaced earlier food laws, implying a consolidated legal framework under FSSAI that can issue detailed packaging and labelling regulations (such as the 2011 rules).
Use this to justify consulting the specific delegated regulations (Packaging & Labelling Regulations, 2011) under the Act to determine whether nutrition information is mandated.
- Regulation 2.2.2 sets out the specific mandatory information that every pre‑packaged food label must carry.
- The excerpt shows enumerated required items (e.g., 'The Name of Food') and in the provided text does not include any clause requiring medical recommendations about allergic reactions.
- This government press release explicitly cites Regulation 2.2 as prescribing general labelling requirements for pre-packaged food.
- The passage frames labelling as governed by specific regulatory clauses (implying mandatory specified elements) and does not mention a requirement to print medical profession recommendations about allergies.
- States that under the Regulations every pre-packaged food is required to contain specified information on the label.
- The provided line (truncated in the excerpt) refers to regulatory label requirements but does not indicate any mandatory printing of medical recommendations about possible allergic reactions.
Shows FSS Act 2006 created a unified regulatory framework replacing older laws — indicating FSSAI is the central regulator for food safety and related rules (including labeling).
A student could check the scope of FSSAI's regulations (e.g., Packaging & Labelling Regulations 2011) to see whether allergy-related label content falls under its mandatory requirements.
States FSSAI's purpose is to regulate and monitor food quality and ensure safety — implying FSSAI can mandate labeling requirements that affect consumer safety.
One could infer that allergen/warning requirements, if aimed at safety, would plausibly be specified by FSSAI and then verify the specific regulation text.
Gives an example where a certification mark (FPO) is mandatory on specific processed fruit products as per food law — shows precedent for mandated label content for particular product categories.
Use this pattern to ask whether allergen warnings are treated similarly (i.e., explicitly listed as mandatory for certain or all pre-packaged foods) in the Packaging & Labelling Regulations.
Explains that some certifications/standards are compulsory for products that affect health or are mass-consumed (e.g., packaged drinking water, additives) — indicating health-linked labeling can be mandated.
A student could reason that allergy warnings relate to health risk and therefore might be covered by mandatory labeling provisions for health-critical items, prompting a direct look at the 2011 regulation text.
Describes how FSSAI issues detailed labeling/certification rules for organic foods and requires specific logos — an example of how product-specific labeling prescriptions are laid down by regulation.
By analogy, a student might investigate whether the Packaging & Labelling Regulations similarly prescribe mandatory wording or warnings (including medical/allergy recommendations) on main labels.
Shows that the law/regulator has previously required a mandatory certification mark (FPO mark) for certain processed food categories.
A student could infer that FSSAI has precedent for mandating specific marks on food labels and so should check the Packaging & Labelling Regulations for comparable mandatory symbols (e.g., veg/non-veg).
States organic products must bear the Jaivik Bharat (FSSAI organic) logo and certification programme logos as a labelling requirement.
From this pattern of requiring specific logos for food categories, a student could reasonably investigate whether veg/non-veg classification is likewise assigned a required logo/symbol by regulations.
Specifies that organic foods must comply with certification systems and bear the FSSAI organic logo—another example of regulator-mandated label declarations.
Using this example of mandatory label declarations for distinct food types, a student could look for regulatory language that lists required declarations for pre‑packaged foods, including dietary categories.
Explains the FSSAI logo on packets indicates government testing and that agencies provide certifications that help buyers assess product quality.
A student could reason that if FSSAI uses logos to communicate safety/quality, it may also prescribe standard symbols (such as veg/non‑veg) to communicate composition—so check the Packaging & Labelling Regulations for such prescribed symbols.
Notes the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 replaced earlier food laws and that FSSAI is the regulatory authority—establishing the legal/regulatory framework for mandatory labelling rules.
Knowing FSSAI is the competent authority, a student could consult the FSS (Packaging & Labelling) Regulations, 2011 text (or FSSAI notifications) to verify whether veg/non‑veg declaration is mandated.
- [THE VERDICT]: Observation-based Sitter. Solvable by looking at any snack wrapper during your tea break.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: GS-3 Food Processing & GS-2 Statutory Bodies (FSSAI). The intersection of Public Health and Consumer Rights.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Mandatory Label Elements: Name of food, List of Ingredients (descending order), Nutritional info, Veg (Green dot)/Non-Veg (Brown dot) symbol, FSSAI Logo + Lic. No., Net Qty, Lot No., Date of Mfg/Expiry, Country of Origin (if imported).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Don't just read *about* the FSS Act; look at its implementation. When studying a regulator (BIS, FSSAI, TRAI), ask: 'How does this touch the consumer directly?'
The Act and FSSAI are the central regulatory framework referenced across the references and are the authority that notifies packaging and labelling regulations.
High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask about institutional frameworks and regulatory changes (e.g., replacement of older laws by FSS Act). Understanding the Act’s role helps answer questions on delegated regulations (like Packaging & Labelling Rules) and institutional responsibilities. Prepare by mapping major food laws, key functions of FSSAI, and examples of delegated regulations.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 12: Supply Chain and Food Processing Industry > 12.7 FSS Act 2006 and FSSAI > p. 373
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 12: Understanding Markets > Did you notice the FSSAI logo? > p. 269
Shows an example of mandatory labelling/certification applied to a class of processed food, illustrating how specific marks/labels are mandated by regulation.
Useful for comparative questions on mandatory labels and certification schemes in food policy. It connects statutory mandates to product-level labelling requirements and demonstrates how sector-specific orders operate under broader food law. Learn by cataloguing mandatory marks (FPO, Agmark, ISI) and the categories they cover.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > FPO Mark > p. 326
Indicates that certain food inputs/products (food colours/additives) are subject to mandatory certification — relevant to questions about regulatory scope over additives and safety-critical labelling.
Helps in answering questions about regulation of food safety hazards and the rationale for stricter controls on specified items. Connects to consumer safety, standards bodies, and compliance issues; useful for case-based questions on market regulation. Prepare by noting categories of products requiring mandatory certification and the rationale.
- Understanding Economic Development. Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: CONSUMER RIGHTS > ISI and Agmark > p. 84
The question concerns legal labelling requirements; FSSAI created under the FSS Act is the authority that frames food safety and labelling rules.
High-yield for UPSC: know the institutional framework (FSS Act → FSSAI) to link statutory/regulatory instruments (like labelling regulations) to the competent authority. This helps answer questions on who issues/implements food rules, compliance, and overlaps with health/consumer governance. Study approach: memorise Act → authority → areas of regulation and refer to textbook citations.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 12: Supply Chain and Food Processing Industry > 12.7 FSS Act 2006 and FSSAI > p. 373
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 13: Food Processing Industry in India > PRESENT STATUS OF FOOD PROCESSING IN INDIA > p. 411
Shows that some food items (processed fruit products) require a mandatory mark on packaging, illustrating that labelling can be mandatory for certain products.
Useful pattern: UPSC often asks which food/product categories have mandatory labels or marks. Understanding specific examples (FPO for fruit products) helps infer the principle that labels/marks may be mandatory for public-health-sensitive goods. Preparation: remember representative mandatory marks and the issuing agencies.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > FPO Mark > p. 326
The statement concerns label information; references highlight that logos (FSSAI, ISI, Agmark) indicate government testing/quality and that some certifications are mandatory for certain products.
Covers a frequent UPSC theme—consumer protection and quality regimes. Candidates should map logos to agencies, understand when use is voluntary vs mandatory, and connect to consumer rights and standards regimes. Study by compiling a list of common logos, their issuing bodies, and product scope.
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 12: Understanding Markets > Did you notice the FSSAI logo? > p. 269
- Understanding Economic Development. Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: CONSUMER RIGHTS > ISI and Agmark > p. 84
Several references describe the Food Safety & Standards Act, 2006 and the Food Safety & Standards Authority of India's role in regulating food safety.
High-yield for UPSC: understanding the FSS Act and FSSAI is essential for questions on food regulation, public health administration, and regulatory frameworks. It connects to statutory reform (replacement of older food laws) and to interpretation of subordinate regulations (like packaging & labelling). Study approach: read primary Act provisions, institutional role of FSSAI, and examples of delegated regulations.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 12: Supply Chain and Food Processing Industry > 12.7 FSS Act 2006 and FSSAI > p. 373
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 13: Food Processing Industry in India > PRESENT STATUS OF FOOD PROCESSING IN INDIA > p. 411
The 'Next Logical Question' is on the new logos: The '+F' logo for Fortified foods (salt, milk, oil) and the 'Jaivik Bharat' logo for Organic foods. Also, watch out for the 'Front-of-Pack Labelling' (FOPL) star rating system currently under debate.
The 'Subjectivity Filter'. Laws mandate objective facts (e.g., 'Contains Peanuts'), not subjective professional advice. Statement 3 ('Recommendations... by the medical profession') is too vague and variable to be a mandatory legal requirement for a factory label. Eliminate 3.
Mains GS-3 (Food Processing): Labelling is a critical tool for Public Health (fighting NCDs like diabetes via sugar warnings) and acts as a Non-Tariff Barrier in International Trade (SPS measures under WTO).