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Q69 (IAS/2017) History & Culture › Art & Architecture › Indian painting traditions Official Key

The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the most famous and oft-illustrated paintings at

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is located to the left of the entrance to the antechamber of the main shrine of the cave at Ajanta.[3] This gentle figure is one of the masterpieces of Indian art.[4] The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani from Cave I is one of the masterpieces of Ajanta Painting executed in the late 6th century CE.[6] The Padmapani, meaning "Bearer of the Lotus," is among the most celebrated and frequently reproduced paintings from the Ajanta cave complex, showcasing the high artistic achievement of ancient Indian Buddhist art. The other options—Badami, Bagh, and Ellora—are all significant cave complexes in India with their own artistic heritage, but the famous Bodhisattva Padmapani painting is specifically associated with Ajanta Cave 1.

Sources
  1. [1] https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224725.ece
  2. [2] https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224725.ece
  3. [3] https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224725.ece
  4. [4] https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224725.ece
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Q. The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the most famous and oft-illustrated paintings at [A] Ajanta [B] Badami [C] Bagh [D] E…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

This is a 'Cover Page' question—literally the most iconic image in Indian Art History found in the Class XI Fine Arts NCERT. While the skeleton flagged it as web-based, for a serious aspirant, this is purely static. If you miss this, your core textbooks are unread.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Ajanta Caves?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"To the left of the entrance to the antechamber of the main shrine of the cave is a painting of the Bodhisattva Padmapani, the Bearer of the Lotus."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names a painting of the Bodhisattva Padmapani at Ajanta.
  • Specifies its location: left of the entrance to the antechamber of the main shrine of the cave, tying the figure to Ajanta cave context.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Padmapani, the Bearer of the Lotus. This gentle figure is one of the masterpieces of Indian art. Cave 1, Ajanta."
Why this source?
  • Directly identifies 'The Padmapani' as a masterpiece located in Cave 1, Ajanta.
  • Reinforces that the figure is associated with the Ajanta cave paintings tradition.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings > Paintings from the past > p. 102
Strength: 4/5
“While stone sculpture survives the ravages of time and is therefore most easily available to the historian, other visual means of communication, including paintings, were also used in the past. Those that have survived best are on walls of caves, of which those from Ajanta (Maharashtra) are the most famous. The paintings at Ajanta depict stories from the Jatakas. These include depictions of courtly life, processions, men and women at work, and festivals. The artists used the technique of shading to give a three-dimensional quality. Some of the paintings are extremely naturalistic. Another motif is that of a woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants (Fig.”
Why relevant

States Ajanta (Maharashtra) is the most famous site for cave paintings and mentions a motif of a woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants in Ajanta paintings.

How to extend

A student could note that Padmapani is associated with a lotus motif and therefore check whether Ajanta paintings include lotus-associated Bodhisattva images (via image comparisons or site guides).

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Architecture and Sculpture > p. 129
Strength: 5/5
“Hariti with children are significant. Bodhisattva carved out independently is another important feature. The popular Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture.”
Why relevant

Explicitly says the popular Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture.

How to extend

Since Padmapani is a form/name of Avalokitesvara, a student could link this rule to seek Avalokitesvara images at Ajanta to test if Padmapani appears there.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Paintings > p. 128
Strength: 4/5
“Ajanta caves are the repository of rich mural paintings. Paintings of the early phase are mostly in caves nine and ten, which belong to the period of the Satavahanas. The authors of Ajanta paintings followed ingenious techniques. First, They plastered the ridged surface of the volcanic rock. This plaster was made of vegetable fibres, paddy husk, rock-grit, and sand. This surface was overlaid with a thin layer of lime, ready to receive the pigment. Recently it was noticed that a stretch of cloth was reinforced on the surface for the application of pigment. The colours were extracted out of natural objects and minerals.”
Why relevant

Describes Ajanta caves as a repository of rich mural paintings with technical detail, indicating major mural tradition at the site.

How to extend

Knowing Ajanta is a primary site for major murals, a student could prioritize Ajanta when looking for famous Bodhisattva paintings such as Padmapani (using photographic catalogs or museum references).

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II. Elora - Ajanta and Mamallapuram > p. 127
Strength: 3/5
“Aurangabad district in Maharashtra is the centre of the groups of caves in Ellora and Ajanta. The Ellora group of caves are famous for sculptures while the Ajanta group of caves are famous for paintings. The dates of these temples range from c. 500 to c. 950 CE. But the activity of creating cave temples may have started two hundred years earlier. The first cave temple was created for the Ajivikas. Some of the temples are incomplete.”
Why relevant

Notes Ajanta group of caves are famous for paintings (as opposed to Elora for sculpture) and gives their broad dating and location.

How to extend

A student could combine this with knowledge that Padmapani is a painted Bodhisattva figure to focus inquiries on Ajanta’s painted caves and their catalogues or specific cave numbers.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Aianta > p. 132
Strength: 3/5
“There are thirty caves in Ajanta. In five caves there are mural paintings. Scenes. 132 | Cultural Development in South India”
Why relevant

States there are thirty caves in Ajanta and several contain mural paintings, implying specific caves to inspect for particular painted images.

How to extend

A student could use this to narrow the search to Ajanta’s painted caves (identify which caves carry figurative murals) when verifying whether Padmapani appears there.

Statement 2
Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Badami cave temples?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"To the left of the entrance to the antechamber of the main shrine of the cave is a painting of the Bodhisattva Padmapani, the Bearer of the Lotus."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies the Bodhisattva Padmapani painting as being in an Ajanta cave.
  • Describes its specific location and labels it a masterpiece, tying the Padmapani painting to Ajanta rather than Badami.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"Of the frescoes which once covered the walls of this grotto, only a fragment remains; it occupies the concave surface of a heavy cornice which shelters the entrance to the verandah."
Why this source?
  • Describes the Badami cave-sanctuary frescoes as largely lost, with only a fragment remaining.
  • Implies Badami does not retain the kind of full, famous mural (like Padmapani at Ajanta) that the statement asks about.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Painting > p. 121
Strength: 5/5
“Paintings are found in a cave temple dedicated to Vishnu in Badami. Chalukyas adopted the Vakataka style in painting. Many of the paintings are of incarnations of Vishnu. The most popular Chalukya painting is in the palace built by the King Mangalesan (597-609). It is a scene of ball being watched by members of royal family and others.”
Why relevant

States that paintings are found in a cave temple dedicated to Vishnu in Badami and that many Badami paintings are of incarnations of Vishnu.

How to extend

A student could use this to infer that Badami’s surviving murals are largely Hindu-themed and therefore check whether a Buddhist Bodhisattva subject (like Padmapani) fits the predominant iconographic program.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Painting > p. 98
Strength: 4/5
“The art of painting seems to have been in popular demand in the Gupta period than the art of stone sculptures. The mural paintings of this period are found at Ajanta, Bagh, Badami and other places. Ajantha Painting From the point of technique, the surface of these paintings was perhaps done in a very simple way. The mural paintings of Ajanta are not true frescoes, for frescoes is painted while the plaster is still damp and the murals of Ajanta were made after it had set. The art of Ajanta and Bagh shows the Madhyadesa School of painting at its best.”
Why relevant

Lists Badami among sites (Ajanta, Bagh, Badami) known for mural paintings, connecting Badami to the broader tradition of cave murals.

How to extend

A student could compare the types of subjects at these listed mural sites (e.g., known Buddhist subjects at Ajanta) with the subjects at Badami to assess whether a Padmapani image is plausible at Badami.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Architecture and Sculpture > p. 129
Strength: 4/5
“Hariti with children are significant. Bodhisattva carved out independently is another important feature. The popular Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture.”
Why relevant

Notes that Bodhisattva figures (e.g., Avalokitesvara) are important and depicted in painting and sculpture in the region.

How to extend

One could use this pattern (bodhisattvas appear in regional art) to justify looking specifically for Buddhist imagery at cave sites and then check whether Badami’s iconography includes such bodhisattvas.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.3Ellora > p. 127
Strength: 3/5
“The rock-cut cave temples in Ellora are in 34 caves, carved in Charanadri hills. Without knowledge of trigonometry, structural engineering, and metallurgy, the Indian architects could not have created such exquisite edifices. The patrons of these caves range from the dynasties of Chalukyas to Rashtrakutas. The heterodox sects first set the trend of creating this model of temples. Later, orthodox sects adopted it as a medium of disseminating religious ideologies. Mural paintings in Ellora are found in five caves, but only in the Kailash temple are they preserved. Some murals in Jain temples are well preserved. Not only animals, birds, trees, flowers are pictured elegantly, but human emotions and character - greed, love, compassion-are depicted with professional skill.”
Why relevant

Describes Ellora caves as containing Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments with mural paintings preserved in some caves, showing that cave complexes in the Deccan can contain Buddhist bodhisattva murals.

How to extend

A student could extend this by mapping which nearby cave complexes (Ellora, Ajanta, Badami) contain Buddhist murals to evaluate whether a Padmapani painting is more likely at Ellora/Ajanta than at Badami.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings > Paintings from the past > p. 102
Strength: 3/5
“While stone sculpture survives the ravages of time and is therefore most easily available to the historian, other visual means of communication, including paintings, were also used in the past. Those that have survived best are on walls of caves, of which those from Ajanta (Maharashtra) are the most famous. The paintings at Ajanta depict stories from the Jatakas. These include depictions of courtly life, processions, men and women at work, and festivals. The artists used the technique of shading to give a three-dimensional quality. Some of the paintings are extremely naturalistic. Another motif is that of a woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants (Fig.”
Why relevant

Explains that Ajanta caves are the most famous repository of mural paintings with narrative Buddhist subjects, implying certain Bodhisattva depictions are associated with specific caves.

How to extend

A student could use the association of particular iconic bodhisattva images with Ajanta-like sites to question whether the Padmapani figure is linked to Ajanta rather than to Badami and so seek specific attribution evidence.

Statement 3
Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Bagh Caves?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"to be seen at Ajanta. To the left of the entrance to the antechamber of the main shrine of the cave is a painting of the Bodhisattva Padmapani, the Bearer of the Lotus."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly locates the Bodhisattva Padmapani painting at Ajanta.
  • Describes the painting's position within an Ajanta cave, tying the work to Ajanta rather than Bagh.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani from cave I is one of the masterpieces of Ajanta Painting executed in the late 6th century CE."
Why this source?
  • States that the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is from Cave I of Ajanta.
  • Identifies the work as one of the masterpieces of Ajanta painting, not Bagh.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Painting > p. 98
Strength: 5/5
“The art of painting seems to have been in popular demand in the Gupta period than the art of stone sculptures. The mural paintings of this period are found at Ajanta, Bagh, Badami and other places. Ajantha Painting From the point of technique, the surface of these paintings was perhaps done in a very simple way. The mural paintings of Ajanta are not true frescoes, for frescoes is painted while the plaster is still damp and the murals of Ajanta were made after it had set. The art of Ajanta and Bagh shows the Madhyadesa School of painting at its best.”
Why relevant

States that mural paintings of the Gupta period are found at Ajanta, Bagh, Badami, indicating Bagh is a site with notable mural paintings.

How to extend

A student could use this to consider that famous Gupta-period Bodhisattva murals might plausibly be at Bagh and then check image/catalogue references or museum records for Padmapani at Bagh.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Architecture and Sculpture > p. 129
Strength: 4/5
“Hariti with children are significant. Bodhisattva carved out independently is another important feature. The popular Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture.”
Why relevant

Notes that Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture, showing Bodhisattva imagery was a common subject of cave murals.

How to extend

Combine this with the fact that Bagh has mural paintings to infer that Bodhisattva figures (like Padmapani/Avalokitesvara) could appear there and then seek specific identifications.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II. Elora - Ajanta and Mamallapuram > p. 127
Strength: 3/5
“Aurangabad district in Maharashtra is the centre of the groups of caves in Ellora and Ajanta. The Ellora group of caves are famous for sculptures while the Ajanta group of caves are famous for paintings. The dates of these temples range from c. 500 to c. 950 CE. But the activity of creating cave temples may have started two hundred years earlier. The first cave temple was created for the Ajivikas. Some of the temples are incomplete.”
Why relevant

Locates Ajanta and Ellora groups in Aurangabad and distinguishes Ajanta as famous for paintings, providing a regional painting tradition context that includes nearby painted cave sites.

How to extend

A student could use a map to note geographic clusters of painted caves (Ajanta, Bagh) and then compare known motifs (Padmapani at Ajanta) to reported motifs at Bagh to evaluate plausibility.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings > Paintings from the past > p. 102
Strength: 3/5
“While stone sculpture survives the ravages of time and is therefore most easily available to the historian, other visual means of communication, including paintings, were also used in the past. Those that have survived best are on walls of caves, of which those from Ajanta (Maharashtra) are the most famous. The paintings at Ajanta depict stories from the Jatakas. These include depictions of courtly life, processions, men and women at work, and festivals. The artists used the technique of shading to give a three-dimensional quality. Some of the paintings are extremely naturalistic. Another motif is that of a woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants (Fig.”
Why relevant

Describes the themes and high quality of cave paintings at Ajanta (Jataka stories, naturalism, lotus motifs), illustrating the kind of advanced Bodhisattva and lotus imagery used in cave murals.

How to extend

Use this as a stylistic template: if Bagh paintings share similar Gupta-era lotus/Bodhisattva motifs, it strengthens the plausibility that a Padmapani-type figure might be present there, prompting targeted visual comparison.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > EXERCISE > p. 102
Strength: 3/5
“3. was given the title "Kaviraja". (a) Chandragupta I (b) Samudragupta • (c) Chandragupta II (d) Srigupta • 4. ___________, a Chinese traveller, presented an idyllic picture of Indian society in the fifth century CE. • (b) Hieun-Tsang (a) Itsing • (c) Fahien (d) Wang-Hieun-Tse • 5. Which one of the following is the wrong option for the rock-cut cave temple of Gupta Period? • (i) Udayagiri cave (Odisha) • (ii) Ajanta and Ellora caves (Maharashtra) • (iii) Elephanta cave (Maharashtra) • (iv) Bagh (Madhya Pradesh) • (a) i (b) ii • (c) iii (d) iv • 6”
Why relevant

Lists Bagh (Madhya Pradesh) among rock-cut cave sites associated with the Gupta period in a question item, linking Bagh to the same historical/artistic milieu that produced Padmapani images.

How to extend

A student could take this as a cue to treat Bagh as a Gupta-period painted cave site and then search period-specific catalogues or scholarly site descriptions for the Padmapani motif at Bagh.

Statement 4
Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Ellora Caves?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The painting of **Bodhisattva Padmapani from cave I** is one of the masterpieces of Ajanta Painting executed in the late 6th century CE."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names the painting as 'Bodhisattva Padmapani from cave I' and links it to Ajanta painting tradition.
  • States it is a masterpiece of Ajanta Painting dated to the late 6th century CE, indicating its location at Ajanta rather than Ellora.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"to be seen at Ajanta. To the left of the entrance to the antechamber of the main shrine of the cave is a painting of the Bodhisattva Padmapani, the Bearer of the Lotus."
Why this source?
  • Refers to the work as being 'to be seen at Ajanta', directly placing the Padmapani painting at Ajanta.
  • Describes the specific location within the Ajanta cave (left of the entrance to the antechamber) where the Bodhisattva Padmapani is painted.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.3Ellora > p. 127
Strength: 4/5
“The rock-cut cave temples in Ellora are in 34 caves, carved in Charanadri hills. Without knowledge of trigonometry, structural engineering, and metallurgy, the Indian architects could not have created such exquisite edifices. The patrons of these caves range from the dynasties of Chalukyas to Rashtrakutas. The heterodox sects first set the trend of creating this model of temples. Later, orthodox sects adopted it as a medium of disseminating religious ideologies. Mural paintings in Ellora are found in five caves, but only in the Kailash temple are they preserved. Some murals in Jain temples are well preserved. Not only animals, birds, trees, flowers are pictured elegantly, but human emotions and character - greed, love, compassion-are depicted with professional skill.”
Why relevant

Says mural paintings exist at Ellora but are limited: murals are found in five caves and only the Kailash temple murals are preserved.

How to extend

A student might infer that if a famous, well-preserved Bodhisattva mural exists, it is more likely to be at a site with extensive surviving murals and then check which site has those.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Paintings > p. 128
Strength: 5/5
“Ajanta caves are the repository of rich mural paintings. Paintings of the early phase are mostly in caves nine and ten, which belong to the period of the Satavahanas. The authors of Ajanta paintings followed ingenious techniques. First, They plastered the ridged surface of the volcanic rock. This plaster was made of vegetable fibres, paddy husk, rock-grit, and sand. This surface was overlaid with a thin layer of lime, ready to receive the pigment. Recently it was noticed that a stretch of cloth was reinforced on the surface for the application of pigment. The colours were extracted out of natural objects and minerals.”
Why relevant

Describes Ajanta as the repository of rich mural paintings with detailed techniques for wall painting.

How to extend

Use the fact that Ajanta has extensive, well-preserved murals to suspect that famous painted Bodhisattva images may be located at Ajanta rather than at a place with fewer preserved murals.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Architecture and Sculpture > p. 129
Strength: 4/5
“Hariti with children are significant. Bodhisattva carved out independently is another important feature. The popular Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture.”
Why relevant

Notes that Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture (identifies Bodhisattva figures as a common painted subject).

How to extend

Combine this with knowledge of which cave sites have major surviving Bodhisattva paintings to judge where a named Bodhisattva painting (e.g., Padmapani) more plausibly survives.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings > Paintings from the past > p. 102
Strength: 5/5
“While stone sculpture survives the ravages of time and is therefore most easily available to the historian, other visual means of communication, including paintings, were also used in the past. Those that have survived best are on walls of caves, of which those from Ajanta (Maharashtra) are the most famous. The paintings at Ajanta depict stories from the Jatakas. These include depictions of courtly life, processions, men and women at work, and festivals. The artists used the technique of shading to give a three-dimensional quality. Some of the paintings are extremely naturalistic. Another motif is that of a woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants (Fig.”
Why relevant

Highlights that Ajanta paintings are the most famous surviving cave murals and gives examples of subjects and high-quality technique.

How to extend

A student could use the reputation and preservation level of Ajanta to prioritize checking Ajanta for a famous Bodhisattva painting before Ellora.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
Strength: 3/5
“II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram (Ellora) • M. Ellora caves are famous for sculptures representing all religious sects: Ajivika, Jainism, Buddhism and Brahmanism.• Kailasanatha cave temple features panels with scenes of puranas and legends.”
Why relevant

States Ellora caves are famous mainly for sculptures representing multiple religious sects and notes Kailasanatha panels of purana scenes.

How to extend

Suggests Ellora's principal fame is sculptural work; a student could therefore be cautious about attributing a famous painted Bodhisattva to Ellora and instead look to cave sites known for paintings.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves 'Superlatives' and 'Icons' in Art & Culture. If an image appears on the cover of a standard text, a currency note, or is the first Google Image result for a site, you must know its exact location and dynasty.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct hit from NCERT Class XI (An Introduction to Indian Art), Chapter 5. It is the 'Mona Lisa' of Indian art.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Indian Mural Painting Traditions (Cave Art) and Buddhist Iconography.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Big Three' of Ajanta: 1. Bodhisattva Padmapani (Cave 1, holding lotus). 2. Bodhisattva Vajrapani (Cave 1, holding thunderbolt). 3. The Dying Princess (Cave 16). Contrast with Badami (Cave 3, earliest Brahmanical murals) and Sittanavasal (Jain murals, Lotus Pond).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not stop at 'Ajanta has paintings'. You must map specific masterpieces to their sites. UPSC asks for the *specific* artifact (e.g., 'Varaha avatar' at Udayagiri, 'Arjuna's Penance' at Mamallapuram).
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Ajanta Caves as a major centre of mural paintings
💡 The insight

Multiple references identify Ajanta as famous for its mural paintings and as a repository of surviving cave paintings.

High-yield for UPSC history/culture: questions often ask about prominent archaeological and artistic centres (Ajanta, Ellora, Badami). Knowing Ajanta's prominence, dating, and themes (e.g., Jatakas) helps answer comparative and source-based questions; link this to rock‑cut architecture and patronage patterns.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Paintings > p. 128
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings > Paintings from the past > p. 102
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II. Elora - Ajanta and Mamallapuram > p. 127
🔗 Anchor: "Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Ajanta Caves?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara in Buddhist art
💡 The insight

A reference notes that the popular Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture, highlighting the prominence of Bodhisattva imagery in the corpus cited.

Useful for questions on Buddhist iconography and Mahayana traditions: recognizing key figures (Avalokitesvara, Hariti) and their visual presence across media aids interpretation of sources and inscriptions. Connects to broader themes of religious patronage and stylistic schools.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Architecture and Sculpture > p. 129
🔗 Anchor: "Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Ajanta Caves?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Mural painting techniques used at Ajanta
💡 The insight

References describe the Ajanta mural technique (plastering, lime layer, natural pigments, cloth reinforcement) and clarify they are not true frescoes.

Important for art-history portions of the exam: technique details help differentiate site traditions (fresco vs. post-plaster painting) and support source-based questions on preservation, materials, and artistic technology. Links to conservation and historical chronology topics.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Paintings > p. 128
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Painting > p. 98
🔗 Anchor: "Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Ajanta Caves?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Major centres of early Indian mural painting
💡 The insight

Several references list Ajanta, Bagh and Badami as important sites where mural paintings survive.

High-yield for art-and-architecture questions: recognise key sites (Ajanta, Bagh, Badami), their artistic traditions and distinguishing features. Connects to polity/cultural patronage topics (dynasties who sponsored cave art) and helps answer comparative questions on location-specific motifs and techniques.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Painting > p. 98
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings > Paintings from the past > p. 102
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Paintings > p. 128
🔗 Anchor: "Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Badami cave temples?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Bodhisattva imagery in cave art (Avalokitesvara, Hariti)
💡 The insight

References note Bodhisattva representations (e.g., Avalokitesvara) and figures like Hariti occur in paintings and sculptures.

Useful for questions on Buddhist iconography and temple art: identify common Bodhisattva types and their depiction across sites, enabling answers about iconographic continuity and regional variations. Helps link religion, art and material culture in cultural-history essays.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Architecture and Sculpture > p. 129
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.3Ellora > p. 127
🔗 Anchor: "Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Badami cave temples?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Badami cave temples and Chalukya rock-cut architecture
💡 The insight

References describe Badami as a group of excavated and structural temples built in sandstone under the Chalukyas and mention paintings there.

Essential for syllabus coverage of Deccan architecture: knowing Badami’s cave/structural temple distinction, patronage (Chalukyas) and associated art helps tackle architecture identification and source-based questions on South Indian medieval art.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Chalukya Architecture > p. 120
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Painting > p. 121
🔗 Anchor: "Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Badami cave temples?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Bagh as a Gupta‑period mural site
💡 The insight

Reference [1] lists Bagh alongside Ajanta and Badami as locations with notable mural paintings of the Gupta period.

High‑yield for art-and-culture questions: helps candidates map key sites of early medieval mural tradition and the Madhyadesa school. Useful for questions asking to match sites with artistic traditions or to compare regional painting centres.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Painting > p. 98
🔗 Anchor: "Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Bagh Caves?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Sibling' in the same Cave 1 at Ajanta is Bodhisattva Vajrapani (the bearer of the thunderbolt). Also, look out for the 'Mahaparinirvana' (Reclining Buddha) sculpture in Cave 26, which is another frequent potential target.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Apply the 'Primary Fame' filter: Ellora is famous for *Sculpture* (Kailash Temple). Badami is famous for *Architecture* (Chalukyan style). Bagh is famous but dilapidated. Ajanta is the global synonym for *Painting*. When in doubt about a 'famous painting', probability heavily favors Ajanta.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-1 (Heritage) to GS-2 (IR): The 'Padmapani' and Buddhist heritage are central to India's 'Soft Power' diplomacy, specifically the 'Act East' policy, leveraging shared cultural roots with ASEAN nations and Japan.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 1997 · Q86 Relevance score: 2.45

In the Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara was also known as

NDA-II · 2011 · Q94 Relevance score: -1.91

The themes of the murals of the Ajanta Caves are 1. Decorative design which include a variety of animals, trees and flowers. 2. Portraits of various Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. 3. Narrative scenes portraying Jatka stories. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

CDS-I · 2020 · Q17 Relevance score: -3.26

The famous Mughal painting, depicting Jahangir embracing the Safavid king Shah Abbas, was painted by which one of the following Mughal painters?

IAS · 2010 · Q54 Relevance score: -3.47

There are only two known examples of cave paintings of the Gupta period in ancient India. One of these is paintings of Ajanta Caves. Where is the other surviving example of Gupta paintings?

CAPF · 2011 · Q88 Relevance score: -3.59

Abul Hasan was one of the most eminent painters of Jahangirs reign. He painted the well known Mughal Darbar sccne describing