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The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the most famous and oft-illustrated paintings at
Explanation
The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is located to the left of the entrance to the antechamber of the main shrine of the cave at Ajanta.[3] This gentle figure is one of the masterpieces of Indian art.[4] The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani from Cave I is one of the masterpieces of Ajanta Painting executed in the late 6th century CE.[6] The Padmapani, meaning "Bearer of the Lotus," is among the most celebrated and frequently reproduced paintings from the Ajanta cave complex, showcasing the high artistic achievement of ancient Indian Buddhist art. The other options—Badami, Bagh, and Ellora—are all significant cave complexes in India with their own artistic heritage, but the famous Bodhisattva Padmapani painting is specifically associated with Ajanta Cave 1.
Sources- [1] https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224725.ece
- [2] https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224725.ece
- [3] https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224725.ece
- [4] https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224725.ece
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a 'Cover Page' question—literally the most iconic image in Indian Art History found in the Class XI Fine Arts NCERT. While the skeleton flagged it as web-based, for a serious aspirant, this is purely static. If you miss this, your core textbooks are unread.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Ajanta Caves?
- Statement 2: Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Badami cave temples?
- Statement 3: Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Bagh Caves?
- Statement 4: Is the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani located at the Ellora Caves?
- Explicitly names a painting of the Bodhisattva Padmapani at Ajanta.
- Specifies its location: left of the entrance to the antechamber of the main shrine of the cave, tying the figure to Ajanta cave context.
- Directly identifies 'The Padmapani' as a masterpiece located in Cave 1, Ajanta.
- Reinforces that the figure is associated with the Ajanta cave paintings tradition.
States Ajanta (Maharashtra) is the most famous site for cave paintings and mentions a motif of a woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants in Ajanta paintings.
A student could note that Padmapani is associated with a lotus motif and therefore check whether Ajanta paintings include lotus-associated Bodhisattva images (via image comparisons or site guides).
Explicitly says the popular Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture.
Since Padmapani is a form/name of Avalokitesvara, a student could link this rule to seek Avalokitesvara images at Ajanta to test if Padmapani appears there.
Describes Ajanta caves as a repository of rich mural paintings with technical detail, indicating major mural tradition at the site.
Knowing Ajanta is a primary site for major murals, a student could prioritize Ajanta when looking for famous Bodhisattva paintings such as Padmapani (using photographic catalogs or museum references).
Notes Ajanta group of caves are famous for paintings (as opposed to Elora for sculpture) and gives their broad dating and location.
A student could combine this with knowledge that Padmapani is a painted Bodhisattva figure to focus inquiries on Ajanta’s painted caves and their catalogues or specific cave numbers.
States there are thirty caves in Ajanta and several contain mural paintings, implying specific caves to inspect for particular painted images.
A student could use this to narrow the search to Ajanta’s painted caves (identify which caves carry figurative murals) when verifying whether Padmapani appears there.
- Explicitly identifies the Bodhisattva Padmapani painting as being in an Ajanta cave.
- Describes its specific location and labels it a masterpiece, tying the Padmapani painting to Ajanta rather than Badami.
- Describes the Badami cave-sanctuary frescoes as largely lost, with only a fragment remaining.
- Implies Badami does not retain the kind of full, famous mural (like Padmapani at Ajanta) that the statement asks about.
States that paintings are found in a cave temple dedicated to Vishnu in Badami and that many Badami paintings are of incarnations of Vishnu.
A student could use this to infer that Badami’s surviving murals are largely Hindu-themed and therefore check whether a Buddhist Bodhisattva subject (like Padmapani) fits the predominant iconographic program.
Lists Badami among sites (Ajanta, Bagh, Badami) known for mural paintings, connecting Badami to the broader tradition of cave murals.
A student could compare the types of subjects at these listed mural sites (e.g., known Buddhist subjects at Ajanta) with the subjects at Badami to assess whether a Padmapani image is plausible at Badami.
Notes that Bodhisattva figures (e.g., Avalokitesvara) are important and depicted in painting and sculpture in the region.
One could use this pattern (bodhisattvas appear in regional art) to justify looking specifically for Buddhist imagery at cave sites and then check whether Badami’s iconography includes such bodhisattvas.
Describes Ellora caves as containing Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments with mural paintings preserved in some caves, showing that cave complexes in the Deccan can contain Buddhist bodhisattva murals.
A student could extend this by mapping which nearby cave complexes (Ellora, Ajanta, Badami) contain Buddhist murals to evaluate whether a Padmapani painting is more likely at Ellora/Ajanta than at Badami.
Explains that Ajanta caves are the most famous repository of mural paintings with narrative Buddhist subjects, implying certain Bodhisattva depictions are associated with specific caves.
A student could use the association of particular iconic bodhisattva images with Ajanta-like sites to question whether the Padmapani figure is linked to Ajanta rather than to Badami and so seek specific attribution evidence.
- Explicitly locates the Bodhisattva Padmapani painting at Ajanta.
- Describes the painting's position within an Ajanta cave, tying the work to Ajanta rather than Bagh.
- States that the painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is from Cave I of Ajanta.
- Identifies the work as one of the masterpieces of Ajanta painting, not Bagh.
States that mural paintings of the Gupta period are found at Ajanta, Bagh, Badami, indicating Bagh is a site with notable mural paintings.
A student could use this to consider that famous Gupta-period Bodhisattva murals might plausibly be at Bagh and then check image/catalogue references or museum records for Padmapani at Bagh.
Notes that Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture, showing Bodhisattva imagery was a common subject of cave murals.
Combine this with the fact that Bagh has mural paintings to infer that Bodhisattva figures (like Padmapani/Avalokitesvara) could appear there and then seek specific identifications.
Locates Ajanta and Ellora groups in Aurangabad and distinguishes Ajanta as famous for paintings, providing a regional painting tradition context that includes nearby painted cave sites.
A student could use a map to note geographic clusters of painted caves (Ajanta, Bagh) and then compare known motifs (Padmapani at Ajanta) to reported motifs at Bagh to evaluate plausibility.
Describes the themes and high quality of cave paintings at Ajanta (Jataka stories, naturalism, lotus motifs), illustrating the kind of advanced Bodhisattva and lotus imagery used in cave murals.
Use this as a stylistic template: if Bagh paintings share similar Gupta-era lotus/Bodhisattva motifs, it strengthens the plausibility that a Padmapani-type figure might be present there, prompting targeted visual comparison.
Lists Bagh (Madhya Pradesh) among rock-cut cave sites associated with the Gupta period in a question item, linking Bagh to the same historical/artistic milieu that produced Padmapani images.
A student could take this as a cue to treat Bagh as a Gupta-period painted cave site and then search period-specific catalogues or scholarly site descriptions for the Padmapani motif at Bagh.
- Explicitly names the painting as 'Bodhisattva Padmapani from cave I' and links it to Ajanta painting tradition.
- States it is a masterpiece of Ajanta Painting dated to the late 6th century CE, indicating its location at Ajanta rather than Ellora.
- Refers to the work as being 'to be seen at Ajanta', directly placing the Padmapani painting at Ajanta.
- Describes the specific location within the Ajanta cave (left of the entrance to the antechamber) where the Bodhisattva Padmapani is painted.
Says mural paintings exist at Ellora but are limited: murals are found in five caves and only the Kailash temple murals are preserved.
A student might infer that if a famous, well-preserved Bodhisattva mural exists, it is more likely to be at a site with extensive surviving murals and then check which site has those.
Describes Ajanta as the repository of rich mural paintings with detailed techniques for wall painting.
Use the fact that Ajanta has extensive, well-preserved murals to suspect that famous painted Bodhisattva images may be located at Ajanta rather than at a place with fewer preserved murals.
Notes that Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture (identifies Bodhisattva figures as a common painted subject).
Combine this with knowledge of which cave sites have major surviving Bodhisattva paintings to judge where a named Bodhisattva painting (e.g., Padmapani) more plausibly survives.
Highlights that Ajanta paintings are the most famous surviving cave murals and gives examples of subjects and high-quality technique.
A student could use the reputation and preservation level of Ajanta to prioritize checking Ajanta for a famous Bodhisattva painting before Ellora.
States Ellora caves are famous mainly for sculptures representing multiple religious sects and notes Kailasanatha panels of purana scenes.
Suggests Ellora's principal fame is sculptural work; a student could therefore be cautious about attributing a famous painted Bodhisattva to Ellora and instead look to cave sites known for paintings.
- [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct hit from NCERT Class XI (An Introduction to Indian Art), Chapter 5. It is the 'Mona Lisa' of Indian art.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Indian Mural Painting Traditions (Cave Art) and Buddhist Iconography.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Big Three' of Ajanta: 1. Bodhisattva Padmapani (Cave 1, holding lotus). 2. Bodhisattva Vajrapani (Cave 1, holding thunderbolt). 3. The Dying Princess (Cave 16). Contrast with Badami (Cave 3, earliest Brahmanical murals) and Sittanavasal (Jain murals, Lotus Pond).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not stop at 'Ajanta has paintings'. You must map specific masterpieces to their sites. UPSC asks for the *specific* artifact (e.g., 'Varaha avatar' at Udayagiri, 'Arjuna's Penance' at Mamallapuram).
Multiple references identify Ajanta as famous for its mural paintings and as a repository of surviving cave paintings.
High-yield for UPSC history/culture: questions often ask about prominent archaeological and artistic centres (Ajanta, Ellora, Badami). Knowing Ajanta's prominence, dating, and themes (e.g., Jatakas) helps answer comparative and source-based questions; link this to rock‑cut architecture and patronage patterns.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Paintings > p. 128
- THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings > Paintings from the past > p. 102
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II. Elora - Ajanta and Mamallapuram > p. 127
A reference notes that the popular Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara is depicted in painting and sculpture, highlighting the prominence of Bodhisattva imagery in the corpus cited.
Useful for questions on Buddhist iconography and Mahayana traditions: recognizing key figures (Avalokitesvara, Hariti) and their visual presence across media aids interpretation of sources and inscriptions. Connects to broader themes of religious patronage and stylistic schools.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Architecture and Sculpture > p. 129
References describe the Ajanta mural technique (plastering, lime layer, natural pigments, cloth reinforcement) and clarify they are not true frescoes.
Important for art-history portions of the exam: technique details help differentiate site traditions (fresco vs. post-plaster painting) and support source-based questions on preservation, materials, and artistic technology. Links to conservation and historical chronology topics.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Paintings > p. 128
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Painting > p. 98
Several references list Ajanta, Bagh and Badami as important sites where mural paintings survive.
High-yield for art-and-architecture questions: recognise key sites (Ajanta, Bagh, Badami), their artistic traditions and distinguishing features. Connects to polity/cultural patronage topics (dynasties who sponsored cave art) and helps answer comparative questions on location-specific motifs and techniques.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Painting > p. 98
- THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART I, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings > Paintings from the past > p. 102
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Paintings > p. 128
References note Bodhisattva representations (e.g., Avalokitesvara) and figures like Hariti occur in paintings and sculptures.
Useful for questions on Buddhist iconography and temple art: identify common Bodhisattva types and their depiction across sites, enabling answers about iconographic continuity and regional variations. Helps link religion, art and material culture in cultural-history essays.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Architecture and Sculpture > p. 129
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.3Ellora > p. 127
References describe Badami as a group of excavated and structural temples built in sandstone under the Chalukyas and mention paintings there.
Essential for syllabus coverage of Deccan architecture: knowing Badami’s cave/structural temple distinction, patronage (Chalukyas) and associated art helps tackle architecture identification and source-based questions on South Indian medieval art.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Chalukya Architecture > p. 120
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Painting > p. 121
Reference [1] lists Bagh alongside Ajanta and Badami as locations with notable mural paintings of the Gupta period.
High‑yield for art-and-culture questions: helps candidates map key sites of early medieval mural tradition and the Madhyadesa school. Useful for questions asking to match sites with artistic traditions or to compare regional painting centres.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Painting > p. 98
The 'Sibling' in the same Cave 1 at Ajanta is Bodhisattva Vajrapani (the bearer of the thunderbolt). Also, look out for the 'Mahaparinirvana' (Reclining Buddha) sculpture in Cave 26, which is another frequent potential target.
Apply the 'Primary Fame' filter: Ellora is famous for *Sculpture* (Kailash Temple). Badami is famous for *Architecture* (Chalukyan style). Bagh is famous but dilapidated. Ajanta is the global synonym for *Painting*. When in doubt about a 'famous painting', probability heavily favors Ajanta.
Mains GS-1 (Heritage) to GS-2 (IR): The 'Padmapani' and Buddhist heritage are central to India's 'Soft Power' diplomacy, specifically the 'Act East' policy, leveraging shared cultural roots with ASEAN nations and Japan.