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Q48 (IAS/2017) Polity & Governance › Preamble, Union & Territory, Citizenship › Preamble objectives and significance Official Key

The mind of the makers of the Constitution of India is reflected in which of the following ?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A - The Preamble.

The Preamble embodies the basic philosophy and fundamental values on which the Constitution is based, and contains the grand and noble vision of the Constituent Assembly, reflecting the dreams and aspirations of the founding fathers of the Constitution.[1] It contains provisions in the Constitution, and is thus a key to the minds of the makers of the Constitution. According to K.M. Munshi, a member of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, the Preamble is the 'horoscope of our sovereign democratic republic'.[2] Many people have said that the best summary of this vision or the philosophy of the Constitution is to be found in the preamble to our Constitution.[3]

While the Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties are important constitutional features that reflect specific aspects of constitutional philosophy, the Preamble serves as the comprehensive statement that encapsulates the overall vision and mind of the Constitution makers. It is specifically recognized as the key to understanding the intentions and philosophy of those who framed the Constitution.

Sources
  1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > PREAMBLE AS PART OF THE CONSTITUTION > p. 47
  2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 46
  3. [3] Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > Conclusion > p. 239
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. The mind of the makers of the Constitution of India is reflected in which of the following ? [A] The Preamble [B] The Fundamental Right…
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 · 0/10

This is a classic 'Sitter' derived directly from the opening pages of any standard Polity text (Laxmikanth/D.D. Basu). It relies on a specific Supreme Court observation (Berubari Union case) that labels the Preamble as the 'key to the minds of the makers'. It tests your grasp of constitutional philosophy versus mere articles.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the makers of the Constitution of India?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 46
Presence: 5/5
“t SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PREAMBLE The Preamble embodies the basic philosophy and fundamental values-political, moral and religious- on which the Constitution is based, It contains the grand and noble vision of the Constituent Assembly, and reflects the dreams and aspirations of the founding fathers of the Constitution, In the words of Sir Alladi Krishnaswami Iyer, a member ofthe Constituent Assembly who played a significant role in making the Constitution, 'The Preamble to our Constitution expresses what we had thought or According to K.M. Munshi, a member of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, the Preamble is the ' horoscope of our sovereign democratic republic '.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the Preamble 'embodies the basic philosophy' and contains the Constituent Assembly's 'grand and noble vision'.
  • Directly says the Preamble 'reflects the dreams and aspirations of the founding fathers', attributing the view to Constituent Assembly members.
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > PREAMBLE AS PART OF THE CONSTITUTION > p. 47
Presence: 5/5
“51. • 16 Reference by the President of India (1960) under Article 143 of the Constitution on the implementation of the Ind~Pakistan agreement of 1958 provisions in the Constitution, and is thus a key to the minds of the makers of the Constitution. Further, where the terms used in any article are ambiguous or capable of more than one meaning, some assistance at interpretation may be taken from the objectives enshrined in the Preamble. Despite this recognition of the significance of the Preamble, the Supreme Court specifically opined that Preamble is not apart of the Constitution. In the Kesaval1anda Blwrati case (1973), the Supreme Court rejected earlier opinion and held that Preamble is a part of the Constitution.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the Preamble as 'a key to the minds of the makers of the Constitution', linking it to the framers' intent.
  • Notes the Preamble's role in interpretation and its contested constitutional status, indicating its centrality to understanding makers' purposes.
Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > Conclusion > p. 239
Presence: 4/5
“Constitution becomes the embodiment of this vision. Many people have said that the best summary of this vision or the philosophy of the Constitution is to be found in the preamble to our Constitution. Have you carefully read the preamble? Apart from the various objectives mentioned in it, the preamble makes a very humble claim: the Constitution is not 'given' by a body of great men, it is prepared and adopted by 'We, the people of India…'. Thus, the people are themselves the makers of their own destinies, and democracy is the instrument that people have used for shaping their present and their future.”
Why this source?
  • Calls the Preamble the best summary of the Constitution's vision and says the Constitution embodies that vision.
  • Highlights the Preamble's opening 'We, the people…' to show who made the Constitution and the democratic basis of the makers' intent.
Statement 2
Do the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the makers of the Constitution of India?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 92
Presence: 5/5
“The History of the demand for Fundamental Rights was that "abstract declarations are useless, unless there is the will and the means to make them effective". But India's nationalist opinion, since the time of the Nehru Report, was definitely in favour of a Bill of Rights, because the experience gathered from the British regime was that a subservient Legislature might serve as a handmaid to the Executive in committing inroads upon individual liberty. Regardless of the British opinion, therefore, the makers of our Constitution adopted Fundamental Rights to safeguard individual liberty and also for ensuring (together with the Directive Principles) social, economic and political justice for every member of the community.​ That they have succeeded in this venture is the testimony of an ardent observer of the Indian Constitution.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the makers adopted Fundamental Rights to safeguard individual liberty and to ensure social, economic and political justice.
  • Links the framers' historical experience and choice (adoption of a Bill of Rights) directly to their intent to protect liberty from State/legislative encroachment.
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > CHAPTER 8 Fundamental Rights > p. 74
Presence: 4/5
“The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution from Articles 12 to 35. In this regard, the framers of the Constitution derived inspiration from the Constitution of USA (i.e., Bill of Rights). Part III of the Constitution is rightly described as the Magna Carta of India. It contains a very long and comprehensive list of 'justiciable' Fundamental Rights. In fact, the Fundamental Rights in our Constitution are more elaborate than those found in the Constitutions of any other country in the world, including the USA. The Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution to all persons without any discrimination.”
Why this source?
  • Notes framers derived inspiration from the US Bill of Rights, indicating a deliberate design choice about rights.
  • Describes Part III as comprehensive and justiciable, showing the framers intended robust enforceable rights—reflecting their constitutional priorities.
Democratic Politics-I. Political Science-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS > 5.3 RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION > p. 79
Presence: 4/5
“In India, like most other democracies in the world, these rights are mentioned in the Constitution. Some rights which are fundamental to our life are given a special status. They are called Fundamental Rights. We have already read in Chapter 2 the preamble to our Constitution. It talks about securing for all its citizens equality, liberty and justice. Fundamental Rights put this promise into effect. They are an important basic feature of India's Constitution. Everyone knows that the rich can have better lawyers in the courts. What is the point in talking about equality before law? You already know our Constitution provides for six Fundamental Rights.”
Why this source?
  • Connects Fundamental Rights to the Preamble's promises of equality, liberty and justice, implying the rights operationalise the framers' stated aims.
  • Characterises Fundamental Rights as an important basic feature of the Constitution, signalling their centrality to the makers' vision.
Statement 3
Do the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the makers of the Constitution of India?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 10: The Constitution of India — An Introduction > LET'S REMEMBER > p. 220
Presence: 5/5
“The Constitution addresses these points comprehensively. It clearly defines the roles, functions, responsibilities, and accountability measures for each organ of government. The electoral system has been laid down to ensure that every eligible citizen of the country is enabled to vote. Other core aspects of the Constitution are the Fundamental Duties, Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy. The infographic (Fig. 10.14) provides us with examples of a few of the Fundamental Duties and Rights (which are listed in full in the beginning of all NCERT textbooks). The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP, as they are popularly called) represent the essence of the social and economic vision that the framers of the Constitution had for India.”
Why this source?
  • Directly states DPSPs 'represent the essence of the social and economic vision that the framers of the Constitution had for India.'
  • Explicitly links DPSPs to the framers' vision, making them a reflection of the makers' mindset.
Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION > What do the Directive Principles contain? > p. 43
Presence: 5/5
“The chapter on Directive Principles lists mainly three things: • ± the goals and objectives that we as a society should adopt;• ± certain rights that individuals should enjoy apart from the Fundamental Rights; and• ± certain policies that the government should adopt. You may get some idea of the vision of makers of our Constitution by looking at some of the Directive Principles shown below. The governments from time to time tried to give effect to some Directive Principles of State Policy. They passed several zamindari abolition bills, nationalised banks, enacted numerous factory laws, fixed minimum wages, cottage and small industries were promoted and provisions for reservation for the uplift of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes were made.”
Why this source?
  • Says one can 'get some idea of the vision of makers of our Constitution by looking at some of the Directive Principles.'
  • Provides examples of state actions taken to give effect to DPSPs, showing intent behind the principles.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY > p. 177
Presence: 5/5
“PART IV of the Constitution [Articles 36-51] contains the Directive Principles of State Policy. Classification of the Directives. As shown in Table VI, these principles may be classified under several groups: (i) Certain ideals, particularly economic, which, according to the framers of the Constitution, the State] should strive for. (ii) Certain directions to the Legislature and the Executive intended to show in what manner the State should exercise their legislative and executive powers. (iii) Certain rights of the citizens, which shall not be enforceable by the courts like the "Fundamental Rights" are, but which the State shall nevertheless aim at securing, by regulation of its legislative and administrative policy.”
Why this source?
  • Explains that certain ideals in Part IV are those 'which, according to the framers of the Constitution, the State should strive for.'
  • Frames DPSPs as directions from the framers to the Legislature and Executive, indicating the makers' intentions.
Statement 4
Do the Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the makers of the Constitution of India?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > Fundamental Duties > p. 119
Presence: 5/5
“Though the rights and duties of the citizens are correlative and inseparable, the original constitution contained only the fundamental rights and not the fundamental duties. In other words, the framers of the Constitution did not feel it necessary to incorporate the fundamental duties of the citizens in the Constitution. However, they incorporated the duties of the State in the Constitution in the form of Directive Principles of State Polity. The Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution are inspired by the Constitution of erstwhile USSR. Notably, none of the Constitutions of major democratic countries like USA, Canada, France, Germany, Australia and so on specifically contain a list of duties of citizens.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the original framers did not include Fundamental Duties and 'did not feel it necessary' to incorporate them.
  • Notes Fundamental Duties were inspired by the USSR rather than being an original product of the Constituent Assembly's intent.
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > mi l Fundamental Duties > p. 31
Presence: 5/5
“The original constitution did not provide for the Fundamental Duties of the citizens. These were added during the operation of internal emergency (1975-77) by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 added one more fundamental duty. Part IV-A of the Constitution (which consists of only one Article 51-A) specifies the eleven Fundamental Duties, viz., to respect the Constitution, national flag and national anthem; to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of the country; to promote the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people; to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture and so on.”
Why this source?
  • Confirms the original Constitution lacked Fundamental Duties and that they were added later by the 42nd Amendment (1976).
  • Links the addition to a later political context (internal emergency) and a committee recommendation (Swaran Singh), showing post‑framers' origin.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
Presence: 5/5
“II. The Fundamental Duties<sup>390</sup> are 10 [now 11]<sup>391</sup> in number, incorporated in Article 51A [Part IVA], which has been inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. Under this • Article, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India- • (i) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; • (ii) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; • (iii) to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; • (iv) to defend the country;”
Why this source?
  • Specifies that Fundamental Duties were inserted into the Constitution by Article 51A via the 42nd Amendment, indicating they are not original maker provisions.
  • Provides the text/numbering of duties, supporting that these are an amendment-era addition rather than Constituent Assembly enactments.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC frequently tests the 'Nature' and 'Status' of the Preamble (2017, 2020). They look for the distinction between the *essence* (Preamble) and the *enforceable provisions* (FRs). If a question asks about 'Philosophy' or 'Mind', the answer is usually the Preamble or DPSP, but 'Mind of Makers' is a specific legal phrase linked to the Preamble.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct lift from Laxmikanth Chapter 5 (Preamble) or NCERT Class XI 'Constitution at Work'.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The 'Philosophy of the Constitution' and Judicial Interpretations of the Preamble's status.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Titles' given to the Preamble: 'Identity Card' (Palkhivala), 'Horoscope' (K.M. Munshi), 'Soul/Jewel' (Thakurdas Bhargava), 'Key-note' (Ernest Barker). Know the case chronology: Berubari (Not part) -> Kesavananda (Part + Basic Structure) -> LIC (Integral Part).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Don't just memorize the text of the Preamble. You must memorize the *commentary* around it. Ask: Who praised it? What legal weight does it carry? Is it justiciable? (No). Is it a source of power? (No).
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Preamble as the embodiment of constitutional philosophy
💡 The insight

References repeatedly describe the Preamble as summarising the Constitution's aims and embodying the Constituent Assembly's vision, which is the core of whether it reflects the makers' mind.

High-yield for constitutional theory and polity: mastering this shows how to use the Preamble to frame answers about intent and philosophy. Connects to Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles and questions about constitutional values or interpretation. Useful in essay and mains polity answers on 'spirit' of the Constitution and origin of authority.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 46
  • Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 10: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > Conclusion > p. 239
🔗 Anchor: "Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the makers of..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Ingredients/components of the Preamble
💡 The insight

Knowing the Preamble's stated source of authority, nature of the State, objectives and date helps judge if it reflects the makers' aims.

Practically useful for objective and mains questions: enables quick identification of what the makers prioritized (justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, sovereign/socialist/secular/democratic/republic). Links to topics on state structure, rights, and policy direction; aids comparative and interpretative questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > INGREDIENTS OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 42
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 3: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > EVERY Constitution has a philosophy of its own. > p. 22
🔗 Anchor: "Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the makers of..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Preamble as an interpretative tool ('key to the minds')
💡 The insight

Evidence labels the Preamble a 'key to the minds of the makers' and connects it to judicial interpretation and constitutional status.

Critical for legal/judicial aspects of polity: helps answer questions on constitutional interpretation, Supreme Court usage, and debates over the Preamble's status. Useful for case-based questions and for linking amendments/judicial pronouncements to original intent.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > PREAMBLE AS PART OF THE CONSTITUTION > p. 47
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 46
🔗 Anchor: "Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the makers of..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Framers' Intent Behind Fundamental Rights
💡 The insight

Direct statements in the references explain that the makers adopted Fundamental Rights to safeguard liberty and secure justice, reflecting their constitutional intent.

High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask about the purpose and philosophy of Part III. Mastering this helps answer asking why rights were included, links to historical context (colonial experience) and to judicial protection (Article 32). Prepare by mapping textual evidence (Preamble, Part III) to framers' objectives.

📚 Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 92
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > CHAPTER 8 Fundamental Rights > p. 74
🔗 Anchor: "Do the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the m..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Relationship between Preamble and Fundamental Rights
💡 The insight

References state Fundamental Rights put the Preamble's promises (equality, liberty, justice) into effect.

High-yield: UPSC frequently tests linkage between constitutional provisions. Understanding this helps in essays and polity answers connecting aims (Preamble) to mechanisms (Part III) and aids in questions on interpretation and judicial review.

📚 Reading List :
  • Democratic Politics-I. Political Science-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS > 5.3 RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION > p. 79
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 92
🔗 Anchor: "Do the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the m..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Fundamental Rights vs Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles
💡 The insight

Sources note framers included Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles but did not originally include Fundamental Duties—showing prioritisation choices by makers.

Useful for comparative questions on Parts III, IV and IV-A: helps explain why rights are justiciable while duties were omitted originally, and how Directive Principles complement rights. Useful for questions on balance between rights and state policy.

📚 Reading List :
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > Fundamental Duties > p. 119
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 92
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > CHAPTER 8 Fundamental Rights > p. 74
🔗 Anchor: "Do the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India reflect the mind of the m..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 DPSPs as the framers' socio-economic vision
💡 The insight

Several references explicitly describe DPSPs as reflecting the Constitution-makers' vision and the goals the State should strive for.

High-yield for UPSC mains and prelims: explains the normative purpose of Part IV, aids answers on constitutional philosophy and directive principles' role in policy-making; connects to questions on policy intent, constitutional objectives, and legislative action required to realize those ideals.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 10: The Constitution of India — An Introduction > LET'S REMEMBER > p. 220
  • Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION > What do the Directive Principles contain? > p. 43
🔗 Anchor: "Do the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India reflect..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The phrase 'Key to the minds of the makers' specifically originates from the **Berubari Union case (1960)**. A logical sibling question for the future: 'Which scholar described the Preamble as the 'Key-note' to the Constitution?' (Answer: Sir Ernest Barker).

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Chronological Logic: The question asks about the 'Makers' (1946-1949). Option D (Fundamental Duties) was added in 1976 (42nd Amendment) by the Swaran Singh Committee. The original makers did not include them. Eliminate D instantly. Between A, B, and C: The Preamble is a 'Preface' or 'Summary', which logically contains the *intent* (mind) before the *content* (body) begins.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-2 & GS-4: The Preamble is your 'Ethical Compass'. When writing answers on constitutional morality or civil service values, quote the Preamble's objectives (Justice, Liberty, Equality) as the ultimate source of ethical guidance for administrators.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2020 · Q98 Relevance score: 5.22

Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect/reflects the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) ? 1. Preamble 2. Directive Principles of State Policy 3. Fundamental Duties Select the correct answer using the code given below :

CAPF · 2014 · Q15 Relevance score: 3.40

Which of the following are true regarding the Preamble of the Constitution of India ? 1. The Objective Resolution was proposed by Jawaharlal Nehru and passed by the Constituent Assembly which ultimately became the Preamble 2. The idea of the Preamble was borrowed from the Constitution of USA 3. The words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ were adopted by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 4. The Preamble incorporates the Fundamental Rights of the citizens of India Select the correct answer using the code given below :

IAS · 2010 · Q3 Relevance score: 2.68

With reference to the Constitution of India, consider the following: 1. Fundamental Rights 2. Fundamental Duties 3. Directive Principles of State Policy Which of the above provisions of the Constitution of India is/are fulfilled by the National Social Assistance Programme launched by the Government of India ?

IAS · 2013 · Q13 Relevance score: 2.61

According to the Constitution of India, which of the following are fundamental for the governance of the country?

CAPF · 2019 · Q86 Relevance score: 2.52

""To cherish and follow the noble ideas which inspired our national struggle for freedom"" is a provision of which one of the following of the Constitution of India?