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Q98 (IAS/2020) Polity & Governance › Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Fundamental Duties › UN human rights Official Key

Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect/reflects the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) ? 1. Preamble 2. Directive Principles of State Policy 3. Fundamental Duties Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer: —  Âˇ  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 4 (1, 2 and 3). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document that outlines fundamental rights and freedoms, many of which are mirrored across various sections of the Indian Constitution beyond Part III.

  • Preamble: It reflects the UDHR’s spirit by emphasizing Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, aligning with Article 1 of the UDHR which states all humans are born free and equal in dignity.
  • Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV): Articles 39 (Right to livelihood), 41 (Right to work/education), and 42 (Just conditions of work) directly correspond to UDHR Articles 22, 23, and 26 regarding social security and economic rights.
  • Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A): Article 29(1) of the UDHR explicitly mentions that "everyone has duties to the community," which is the core philosophy behind the Fundamental Duties added by the 42nd Amendment.

Since the UDHR encompasses civil, political, economic, and social rights, its principles are comprehensively integrated into the Preamble, DPSPs, and Fundamental Duties alike.

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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect/reflects the principles and provisio…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 ¡ 6.7/10
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This is a classic 'Applied Polity' question. You won't find a single sentence in Laxmikanth saying 'UDHR maps to Preamble, DPSP, and Duties'. Instead, you must understand the *nature* of UDHR (it covers civil, political, and socio-economic spheres) and map them to the Indian Constitution's corresponding parts. It tests conceptual breadth, not rote memory.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India, apart from the Fundamental Rights, reflect the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"reflects the inspiring ideals with the specific mention of "dignity of the individual". The impact of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on drafting part III of the Constitution is apparent."
Why this source?
  • States the Constitution 'reflects the inspiring ideals' and specifically mentions 'dignity of the individual', a core UDHR value.
  • Explicitly notes the impact of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on drafting the Constitution's Part III (Fundamental Rights), implying broader UDHR influence on constitutional text and values.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"By the year 1949, when the Constituent Assembly had completed the drafting of the Fundamental Rights Chapter, it had before it the „Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948."
Why this source?
  • Confirms the Constituent Assembly had the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) before completing the drafting of the Fundamental Rights chapter in 1949.
  • Shows UDHR was considered during constitutional drafting, supporting the inference that its principles could inform the Preamble as well as Part III.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Human dignity not only finds place in the Preamble of this important document but also in Article 1 of the same. It is well known that the principles set out in UDHR are of paramount importance and are given utmost weightage while interpreting human rights all over the world."
Why this source?
  • Notes that 'human dignity' appears in the UDHR's Preamble and Article 1, a principle echoed in India's constitutional language.
  • States UDHR principles are given 'utmost weightage while interpreting human rights all over the world', supporting their influence on constitutional values such as the Preamble.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > 46('I Indian Polity > p. 46
Strength: 5/5
“and the provision of adequate opportunities for all individuals without any discrimination. The Preamble secures to all citizens of India equality of status and opportunity. This provision embraces three dimensions of equality-civic, political and economic. The following provisions of the chapter on Fundamental Rights ensure civil equality: • (a) Equality before the law (Article 14). • (b) Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15). • (c) Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment (Article 16). • (d) Abolition of untouchability (Article 17). • (e) Abolition of titles (Article 18). There are two provisions in the Constitution that seek to achieve political equality.”
Why relevant

Explains that the Preamble secures equality, liberty and justice and breaks down equality into civic, political and economic dimensions — themes central to many human-rights instruments.

How to extend

A student can compare these named values with UDHR articles on equality, liberty and social/economic rights to judge conceptual overlap.

Democratic Politics-I. Political Science-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 5: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS > 5.3 RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION > p. 79
Strength: 5/5
“In India, like most other democracies in the world, these rights are mentioned in the Constitution. Some rights which are fundamental to our life are given a special status. They are called Fundamental Rights. We have already read in Chapter 2 the preamble to our Constitution. It talks about securing for all its citizens equality, liberty and justice. Fundamental Rights put this promise into effect. They are an important basic feature of India's Constitution. Everyone knows that the rich can have better lawyers in the courts. What is the point in talking about equality before law? You already know our Constitution provides for six Fundamental Rights.”
Why relevant

States that the Preamble talks of securing equality, liberty and justice and that Fundamental Rights put this promise into effect, showing the Preamble expresses normative human-rights aims.

How to extend

One can map Preamble aims to UDHR principles (e.g., dignity, freedoms) to assess similarity beyond the text of Part III.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 8: Reconstruction of Post-colonial India > 8.2 Making of the Constitution > p. 105
Strength: 4/5
“On December 9, 1946. Rajendra Prasad was elected chairman of the House. The Objectives Resolution is indeed the most concise introduction to the spirit and the contents. The Constitution of India. The importance of this resolution can be understood if we see the Preamble to the Constitution and the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in it, as adopted on November 26, 1949. Constituent Assembly in Session The Constitution of India, thus, marked a new beginning and yet established continuity with India's past. The Fundamental Rights drew everything from clause 5 of the Objectives Resolution as much as from the rights enlisted by the Indian National Congress at its Karachi session (discussed in Lesson 5)”
Why relevant

Notes the Objectives Resolution as the concise introduction to the spirit of the Constitution and links it to the Preamble and Fundamental Rights, indicating shared origins of stated objectives.

How to extend

A student could trace the Objectives Resolution language against UDHR precepts (post‑WWII international consensus) to infer influence or parallelism.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 92
Strength: 4/5
“The History of the demand for Fundamental Rights was that "abstract declarations are useless, unless there is the will and the means to make them effective". But India's nationalist opinion, since the time of the Nehru Report, was definitely in favour of a Bill of Rights, because the experience gathered from the British regime was that a subservient Legislature might serve as a handmaid to the Executive in committing inroads upon individual liberty. Regardless of the British opinion, therefore, the makers of our Constitution adopted Fundamental Rights to safeguard individual liberty and also for ensuring (together with the Directive Principles) social, economic and political justice for every member of the community.​ That they have succeeded in this venture is the testimony of an ardent observer of the Indian Constitution.”
Why relevant

Highlights that Fundamental Rights were adopted to safeguard individual liberty and to ensure social, economic and political justice along with Directive Principles — broad categories also addressed by the UDHR.

How to extend

Use these listed categories (individual liberty; social/economic/political justice) to compare with UDHR’s civil/political and economic/social rights catalogue.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 2017 TEST PAPER > p. 751
Strength: 3/5
“t 2017 TEST PAPER • 1. Which one of the following objectives is not embodied in the Preamble to the Constitution of India? • (a) Liberty of thought • (b) Economic liberty • (c) Liberty of expression • (d) Liberty of belief • 2. The mind of the makers of the Constitution of India is reflected in which of the following? I • (b) The Fundamental Rights• (c) The Directive Principles of State Policy• (d) The Fundamental Duties • 3. Which of the following are envisaged by the Right against Exploitation in the Constitution of India? • 1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour • 2.”
Why relevant

Contains a question list about which objectives are embodied in the Preamble (liberty of thought, expression, belief), indicating Preamble enumerates specific freedoms similar to UDHR freedoms.

How to extend

A student could list the specific freedoms mentioned here and check their counterparts in UDHR articles to evaluate correspondence.

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