With reference to the cultural history of India, consider the following statements : 1. White marble was used in making Buland Darwaza and Khankah at Fatehpur Sikri. 2. Red sandstone and marble were used in making Bara Imambara and Rumi Darwaza at Lucknow. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

States that historical buildings including Fatehpur Sikri have been constructed from red sandstone obtained from the Vindhyan ranges.

A student could use this pattern (Fatehpur Sikri = red sandstone source) plus a site map or photos to suspect these specific Fatehpur Sikri monuments are likely made of red sandstone rather than white marble.

Reiterates that many medieval monuments (listing Fatehpur Sikri) were built with red sandstone from the Vindhyans, indicating a regional material preference.

Combine this material-geography rule with basic knowledge that white marble is sourced differently to question whether these structures are marble.

Explains the Mughal-era use of different building materials (marble, red, grey, yellow sandstones) as a general architectural pattern.

Use this rule to recognize that while Mughals did use white marble (e.g., Taj Mahal), not all major Mughal buildings necessarily are marble—so check which material was locally available for Fatehpur Sikri.

Notes that Fatehpur Sikri contained several inspiring buildings and gives the example of Agra Fort being built with red sandstone—illustrating Mughal use of red sandstone for major complexes.

A student could infer that since nearby/period monuments used red sandstone, Fatehpur Sikri structures might follow the same practice and so may not be white marble.

Identifies the dargah of Shaikh Salim Chishti as a notable monument at Fatehpur Sikri, linking specific named monuments to that site.

Knowing which monuments are at Fatehpur Sikri lets a student examine images or material descriptions of, for example, the dargah and Buland Darwaza to see whether they are white marble or sandstone.

Identifies Asaf-ud-Daula as the patron who built Bada/Bara Imambara at Lucknow in 1784, placing these monuments in late-18th-century Awadh architecture.

A student could use this date/region to compare local building practices/material availability in late-18th-century Lucknow to typical materials used in Indo‑Islamic monuments.

Also records that the Bada/Bara Imambara was built at Lucknow by Asaf-ud-Daula, reinforcing the specific monument and patron.

Combine this confirmation of monument/patron with architectural-material patterns for Awadh or post‑Mughal court buildings to infer likely materials used.

States that the use of marble and red, grey and yellow sandstones added grandeur to buildings after introduction of Saracenic features — a general rule about common materials in Indo‑Islamic architecture.

A student could apply this pattern to ask whether Lucknow's major 18th‑century Indo‑Islamic monuments typically used marble and/or red sandstone.

Gives a concrete example: Agra Fort is built with red sandstone and the Taj Mahal is a prominent marble structure — examples showing red sandstone and marble as standard monumental materials.

Use these well-known exemplars to reason that other large Indo‑Islamic monuments in north India (including Lucknow) often employed one or both materials, suggesting a plausible material choice for Bara Imambara/Rumi Darwaza to investigate further.

Notes that the Mathurā region (in present‑day Uttar Pradesh) primarily used red sandstone for sculptures, indicating regional availability and preference for red sandstone in Uttar Pradesh.

A student could combine the regional use of red sandstone with the Lucknow location to infer red sandstone was a locally available/common material for large structures.