Question map
What is "Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)", sometimes seen in the news ?
Explanation
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) is the United States' antiballistic missile defense system.[1] It is an American anti-ballistic missile defense system designed to intercept and destroy short-range ballistic missiles.[2] THAAD provides a transportable, rapidly deployable ground-based regional missile defense capability to intercept and destroy short, medium, and intermediate-range ballistic missiles.[3] The system has been deployed in various locations, including on the Korean peninsula, where the U.S. and South Korea agreed to deploy the advanced THAAD missile defence system.[4] Therefore, option C is correct as THAAD is clearly an American anti-missile system, not an Israeli radar system (option A), India's indigenous programme (option B), or a Japan-South Korea collaboration (option D).
Sources- [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense
- [4] https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/U.S.-to-deploy-anti-missile-system-on-Korean-peninsula-Pentagon/article14477800.ece
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a pure Current Affairs question driven by high-voltage geopolitical friction (US-South Korea vs. China). If a defence system alters the regional balance of power or triggers diplomatic protests—as THAAD did with China's furious reaction—it becomes a prime candidate for Prelims.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) an Israeli radar system?
- Statement 2: Is Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) India's indigenous anti-missile programme?
- Statement 3: Is Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) an American anti-missile system?
- Statement 4: Is Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) a defence collaboration between Japan and South Korea?
- Directly identifies THAAD as a U.S. ballistic missile defense system, not an Israeli radar.
- Specifies place of origin as United States, which contradicts the claim that it is Israeli.
- States THAAD is the United States' antiballistic missile defense system.
- Describes its interceptor-launcher operation, showing it is a missile-defense weapon system rather than a radar.
- Describes THAAD as a transportable, ground-based missile defense capability to intercept and destroy ballistic missiles.
- Emphasizes its role as an interceptor system, not a radar developed or operated by Israel.
Shows that named technical systems (e.g., GAGAN) are described with their national developers/partners (ISRO and AAI), implying that origin is commonly stated for such systems.
A student could look up how THAAD is described in similar references to see which country or agencies are named as developers/operators to judge its origin.
Describes military expeditions and national actions (Operation Meghdoot) to secure strategic areas, illustrating that defense assets and systems are tied to specific national armed forces.
One could extend this pattern by checking which nation's military doctrine or forces operate THAAD-like systems to infer whether it is likely Israeli or from another country.
Notes use of observation posts and troop deployments by nations in contested high-altitude regions, reinforcing that surveillance/defense systems are typically national assets.
Using this rule, a student could verify whether THAAD is linked to Israel by searching for national attribution in defense literature or announcements.
- Explicitly identifies THAAD as belonging to the United States, not India.
- Directly names THAAD as an 'antiballistic missile defense system' of the U.S., which contradicts the claim that it is India's indigenous programme.
- Shows the place of origin for THAAD as the United States.
- Provides a factual production/origin entry that indicates THAAD is U.S.-developed rather than Indian.
- Describes U.S. deployment and joint action with South Korea, implying U.S. ownership and operation of the system.
- Refers to THAAD as a U.S. system deployed abroad, which is inconsistent with it being an Indian indigenous programme.
Describes a conscious policy of indigenising India's space programme and developing indigenous sounding rockets (Rohini family).
A student could use this pattern to ask whether India similarly indigenises missile/air-defence systems and then check whether THAAD is US-developed or Indian-built.
Mentions indigenous missile induction (Prithvi) and increased focus on modernising defence and missile programmes.
A student could compare known Indian indigenous missiles (e.g., Prithvi) with the origin of THAAD to judge if THAAD fits the Indian-indigenous pattern.
Profiles A.P.J. Abdul Kalam as 'Missile Man of India' linked to development of India's missile programme, implying a domestic missile-development tradition.
Use this to recall that India has its own missile R&D leadership and then check THAAD's provenance against Indian-developed systems.
Explains the concept of anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems and arms-control context, clarifying what 'anti-missile programme' refers to.
A student can use this definition to classify THAAD (an ABM system) and then verify which country developed/deploys it.
Notes the early establishment and growth of India's space programme and indigenous launch capability (TERLS, sounding rockets).
Suggests India builds domestic high-technology programmes; student could therefore check whether THAAD appears in lists of Indian-built programmes or foreign acquisitions.
- Explicitly names THAAD and states its national origin as American.
- Describes THAAD as an anti-ballistic/missile defense system, matching the claim.
- Identifies THAAD as the United States' antiballistic missile defense system.
- Provides a clear, authoritative description linking THAAD to U.S. missile defense.
- Refers to THAAD specifically as an 'anti-missile system' in reporting on its deployment.
- Links the system to U.S. deployment and Pentagon statements, reinforcing its American association.
Discusses the Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty and how the United States and Soviet Union regulated deployment of defensive (anti-missile) systems.
A student could use this rule (ABM systems are national-level defensive missile systems) and check whether THAAD is categorized as an ABM/anti-missile system and whether the US develops or deploys such systems.
Lists US strategic military bases and mentions US global military presence and nuclear/strategic capability.
A student might infer the US develops and stations advanced strategic/defensive systems globally and then look up whether THAAD is a US-developed system and where it has been deployed.
Describes a national rocket launch facility and the technology context of rockets/sounding rockets used in space research.
Knowing rockets and missile technology are related, a student could extend this to compare rocket/launch technologies with anti-missile interceptor systems like THAAD to see if THAAD functions in that technological domain.
Mentions missiles as objects affected by the Coriolis effect, indicating missiles are discussed in these texts as military/technical items.
A student could use this general treatment of missiles to justify checking technical references for systems designed to intercept missiles (such as THAAD) and their national ownership.
- Explicitly identifies THAAD as a United States system, indicating ownership by the U.S., not a Japan–South Korea collaboration.
- Defines THAAD as the U.S. antiballistic missile defense system (direct attribution of the system).
- States that the U.S. and South Korea agreed to deploy THAAD on the Korean peninsula, showing U.S.–South Korea partnership.
- Implies the deployment is a U.S.–South Korea action rather than a Japan–South Korea collaboration.
- Notes South Korea deploying launchers of a new U.S. missile defence system and refers to the roll-out of THAAD.
- Reinforces that THAAD involvement is between the U.S. and South Korea.
Describes Japan's colonial rule over Korea and the subsequent separate development of Korea — showing a long history of distinct Korean national trajectory from Japan.
A student could combine this with basic historical knowledge to infer potential political sensitivities that might make a direct Japan–South Korea bilateral defence programme less straightforward and therefore check who the actual THAAD partners are.
Explains South Korea's emergence as a separate centre of power and its Cold War/US-aligned development trajectory.
One can extend this by noting South Korea's established international alignments (e.g., security ties) and then look up whether THAAD involves those alignments or a Japan–Korea bilateral arrangement.
Lists East Asian nations (ASEAN, China, Japan and South Korea) as distinct actors in regional policy and forums.
Use this pattern of distinct national roles to justify checking whether regional missile-defence systems are multilateral/US-led rather than a direct Japan–South Korea collaboration.
Shows Korea and Japan appear as separate bilateral partners in economic agreements (India has FTAs separately with Korea and Japan).
By analogy, a student could reasonably treat defence collaborations similarly — verify whether defence programmes list both countries jointly or as separate partners (or involve third parties).
Points to historical conflicts and tensions (e.g., events leading to Japan's annexation of Korea), indicating longstanding friction in Japan–Korea relations.
A student can extend this by recognizing historical friction may complicate deep bilateral defence collaborations, prompting them to check actual participants in THAAD deployments or agreements.
- [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. This was headline news for months (2016-2017) due to China's economic retaliation against South Korea (Lotte Group) over this deployment.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Global Security Architecture & Missile Defence Systems. Specifically, the 'Security Dilemma' where defensive weapons are seen as offensive threats by neighbors.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Big 5' Missile Shields: S-400 Triumf (Russia), Iron Dome/Arrow-3 (Israel), Patriot PAC-3 (USA), S-500 Prometheus (Russia), and India's own PAD/AAD (Prithvi Air Defence).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Don't just memorize the acronym. Map the 'Strategic Triangle': 1. Origin (USA), 2. Deployment (South Korea), 3. The Aggrieved Party (China). UPSC asks about the tech because of the *political* noise it creates.
References describe India's deliberate indigenisation of space technology and the establishment of ISRO and the Rohini sounding-rocket programme, which frames claims about what is or isn't indigenous technology.
High-yield for UPSC: helps distinguish indigenous from imported systems when evaluating statements about defence/space capability. Connects to questions on technological self-reliance, civil–military tech transfer, and national space policy; prepares students to analyze provenance of systems and historical institutional development.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase I: 1960–70 > p. 55
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase I: 1960–70 > p. 54
Evidence mentions induction of the Prithvi missile and highlights A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's role in India's missile programme, directly relevant to identifying India's native missile/anti-missile efforts.
Important for GS Paper on defence and technology: helps differentiate indigenous missile programmes from foreign acquisitions, links to defence modernisation narratives and leadership in missile development. Useful for questions asking for examples or historical timelines of India's missile capability.
- Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Panchayati Raj and Nagarpalika Acts > p. 745
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 10: Grassroots Democracy — Part 1: Governance > Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam > p. 158
References reference the ABM Treaty and disarmament debates, which are central to understanding international rules and significance of anti-missile systems like THAAD.
Crucial for security and foreign policy topics: enables analysis of how missile-defence systems interact with arms-control regimes and strategic stability. Helps answer questions on treaty constraints, international reactions to missile-defence deployments, and India's policy choices.
- Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > Security in the Contemporary World 69 > p. 69
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 88: Foreign Policy > II I Disarmament > p. 610
Reference [1] discusses the Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty and regulation of defensive missile systems, which is directly relevant to classifying systems like THAAD as anti-missile defenses.
High-yield for UPSC: arms-control treaties and missile-defence policy are frequently examined under international relations and security studies. Mastering this helps answer questions on treaty constraints, bilateral Cold War dynamics, and contemporary defence deployments. It links to topics on nuclear deterrence, strategic stability, and defence diplomacy.
- Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World > Security in the Contemporary World 69 > p. 69
Reference [3] lists US strategic bases and nuclear presence, highlighting the United States' global defence posture that contextualizes deployment of systems like THAAD.
Important for UPSC: understanding US base networks aids answers on geopolitical influence, alliance structures (e.g., deployments in allied countries), and regional security implications of defensive systems. It connects foreign policy, geopolitics, and defence strategy questions.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > History > p. 71
Reference [10] names missiles as objects affected by the Coriolis effect, a physical factor relevant to missile guidance and interception doctrines underlying anti-missile systems.
Useful interdisciplinary concept: links physical geography/physics with defence technology, enabling candidates to explain technical constraints and operational challenges of missile defence in essays and mains answers. Helps in questions requiring explanation of technological limits and accuracy.
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 23: Pressure Systems and Wind System > Coriolis Effect > p. 308
Multiple references document Japan's colonial rule over Korea and its end, which is a central historical factor shaping bilateral trust and any defence cooperation.
High-yield for UPSC: questions on contemporary India‑Asia policy and regional security often require understanding historical grievances between states. Mastering this helps explain limits on bilateral cooperation and linkages to diplomacy, reparations, and public opinion. Use chapter-based revision and timeline mapping to connect history with present-day diplomacy.
- History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > The Korean War (1950-53) > p. 253
- Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Paths to Modernisation > Beginnings of Modernisation > p. 175
- History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: Outbreak of World War II and its Impact in Colonies > Japan > p. 229
The logical sibling is the 'AN/TPY-2 Radar'. This X-band radar is the specific component of THAAD that China feared could snoop deep into its territory. Also, watch out for 'CAATSA' (US sanctions law) which is the policy twin to these hardware questions.
Use the 'Naming Convention Heuristic'. US systems often use dry, functional English acronyms (THAAD, JDAM, SLBM). Israeli systems use metaphorical/Biblical names (Iron Dome, David's Sling, Arrow). Indian systems use Sanskrit/Hindi names (Agni, Prithvi, Akash). 'Terminal High Altitude...' is clearly American bureaucratic naming.
Links to GS-2 International Relations: 'Effect of policies of developed countries on India’s interests.' THAAD is a case study in how US-China rivalry forces middle powers (like South Korea, and potentially India) to choose sides, impacting trade and security.
SIMILAR QUESTIONS
The term ""Thermal High Altitude Area Defense"" sometimes mentioned in news, refers to
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