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Q73 (IAS/2015) Science & Technology › New Materials, Energy & Environment-linked Tech › Environmental monitoring systems Official Key

The term 'IndARC', sometimes seen in the news, is the name of

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

IndARC is India's first sub-surface moored observatory deployed in the polar waters of the Arctic.[2] This underwater moored observatory "IndARC" was established in the region with the purpose of finding linkages between the Arctic weather parameters and the south-west monsoon.[3]

It is not a radar system for defense purposes (Option A is incorrect), nor is it a satellite for Indian Ocean Rim countries (Option B is incorrect). It is also not located in the Antarctic region (Option C is incorrect), but rather in the Arctic region. The observatory represents India's scientific efforts to understand Arctic oceanographic and atmospheric conditions and their potential impact on Indian monsoon patterns, making it an important tool for climate research and weather forecasting.

Sources
  1. [1] https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Debates/OfficialDebatesDatewise/Floor/240/F21.07.2016.pdf
  2. [2] https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Debates/OfficialDebatesDatewise/Floor/240/F21.07.2016.pdf
  3. [3] https://capssindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Stuti-Banerjee-Ankita-Dutta_The-Changing-Arctic-and-Indias-Strategy-2-1-23.pdf
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. The term 'IndARC', sometimes seen in the news, is the name of [A] an indigenously developed radar system inducted into Indian Defence […
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 5/10

This is a classic 'Term in News' question derived purely from Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) press releases or The Hindu science page (2014-15). Standard static books fail here. The key is tracking India's 'Firsts' in scientific deployments (Polar, Space, Deep Ocean).

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is IndARC an indigenously developed radar system inducted into Indian defence forces?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"(iv) Deployment of IndARC, India’s first sub-surface moored observatory in the polar waters of Arctic."
Why this source?
  • The passage identifies IndARC as a sub-surface moored observatory, not a radar system.
  • It frames IndARC in the context of ocean observation systems and scientific deployment (Arctic), not defence induction.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase I: 1960–70 > p. 55
Strength: 4/5
“Thiruvananthapuram in south Kerala. Subsequently, India developed indigenous technology of sounding rockets called Rohini Family of sounding rockets. Recognising the need for indigenous technology, and possibility of future instability in the supply of parts and technology, the Indian space programme endeavoured to indigenise every material supply route, mechanism, and technology. As the Indian Rohini Programme continued to launch sounding rockets of greater size and complexity, the space programme expanded and was eventually given its own government department, separate from the department of Atomic Energy. In 1969, the India Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was created and finally the Department of Space was established in 1972.”
Why relevant

Describes a deliberate national policy and practice of indigenising technology and supply routes (example: Rohini sounding rockets and ISRO creation).

How to extend

A student could infer that India has institutional experience and policy precedent for developing indigenous high-technology systems (like radars) and then check defence procurement or manufacturer records for IndARC.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 38: Developments under Nehru’s Leadership (1947-64) > Progress of Science and Technology > p. 647
Strength: 4/5
“In August 1956, India's first nuclear reactor in Trombay (Asia's first also), became critical. ● In 1962, the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), together with a Rocket Launching Facility at Thumba (TERLS), was established. ● Steps were taken to increase India's capacity in production of defence equipment. ● A change over to decimal coinage and a metric system of weights and measures, in line with international standards, was made in phases between 1955 and 1962.”
Why relevant

Explicitly states that steps were taken to increase India's capacity in production of defence equipment.

How to extend

Use this as a basis to investigate whether radar systems (such as IndARC) are listed among domestically produced defence equipments or manufacturers in government/DRDO publications.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > War and Liberation of East Pakistan > p. 695
Strength: 3/5
“It must be pointed out here that India had modernised its armed forces, besides starting indigenous weapons manufacture. The Pakistani military was no match for the Indian forces. There was a further handicap that the Pakistanis were working under – the low morale of its forces due to the civil unrest and defection of Bengali personnel and the stress of having to fight people of their own country. It has been pointed out that Yahya Khan's strategy was difficult to understand. If Chinese help was anticipated, it did not come;”
Why relevant

Notes that India had started indigenous weapons manufacture and modernised its armed forces (historical pattern of domestic defence production).

How to extend

Combine this pattern with contemporary defence industry sources to see if IndARC appears as a domestically manufactured radar inducted into the forces.

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 84
Strength: 3/5
“The IRS satellite system became operational with the launching of IRS-IA in March 1988 from Vaikanour in Russia. India has also developed her own Launching Vehicle PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle). These satellites collect data in several spectral bands and transmit them to the ground stations for various uses. The National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) at Hyderabad provides facilities for acquisition of data and its processing. These are very useful in the management of natural resources. • EXERCISES 1. Choose the right answers of the following from the given options. • (i) In how many zones has the Indian Railways system been divided? • (a) 9 (c) 17 • (b) 12 (d) 14• (ii) On which river and between which two places does the National Water Way No.”
Why relevant

Gives an example of India developing complex indigenous space systems (IRS satellites, PSLV), showing technical capability to build advanced electronic systems.

How to extend

A student could reasonably extend technological capability from indigenous space electronics to potential indigenous radar development and then search defence technology catalogs or manufacturer announcements for IndARC.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > UNION LIST (LIST-I) > p. 708
Strength: 3/5
“t UNION LIST (LIST-I) • 1. Defence of India • 2. Naval, military and air forces; any other armed forces of the Union • 2A. Deployment of any armed force of the Union in any state in aid of the civil power • 3. Cantonment areas and local self-govern. ment in such areas • 4. Naval, military and air force works • 5. Arms, firearms, ammunition, and explosives • 6. Atomic energy and mineral resources necessary for its production • 7. Defence industries • 8. Central Bureau of Intelligence and investigation • 23. National highways • 24. Shipping and navigation on national waterways • 25.”
Why relevant

Lists 'Defence industries' under Union List, implying central policy and institutional responsibility over defence production.

How to extend

This suggests checking central government/Ministry of Defence sources or official procurement/indigenisation programs to confirm whether IndARC was developed and inducted indigenously.

Statement 2
Is IndARC India's satellite intended to provide services to the countries of the Indian Ocean Rim?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 84
Strength: 5/5
“Satellites are mode of communication in themselves as well as they regulate the use of other means of communication. However, use of satellite in getting a continuous and synoptic view of larger area has made satellite communication very vital for the country due to the economic and strategic reasons. Satellite images can be used for the weather forecast, monitoring of natural calamities, surveillance of border areas, etc. On the basis of configuration and purposes, satellite system in India can be grouped into two: Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System (IRS). The INSAT, which was established in 1983,is a multi-purpose satellite system for telecommunication, meteorological observation and for various other data and programmes.”
Why relevant

Defines India’s satellite systems (INSAT) as multi-purpose platforms for telecommunication, meteorology and other services — establishes that India uses satellites to provide regional services.

How to extend

A student could check whether IndARC is listed under INSAT/ISRO multi-purpose satellites and compare the stated mission domains (telecom, meteorology) with the claimed service recipients (Indian Ocean Rim countries).

Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 15: Tsunami > Tsunami Ready' Tag > p. 196
Strength: 5/5
“'Tsunami Ready' Tag • Tsunami Ready Programme of UNESCO is a programme that facilitates tsunami preparedness. The tag is given by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. Tsunami Ready in India is implemented by INCOIS.• INCOIS provides warning services for the coastal population on tsunamis, storm surges, high waves, etc. through the in-house Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC). IOC of UNESCO designated ITEWC as a Regional Tsunami Service Provider (RTSP) to provide tsunami warnings to countries on the Indian Ocean Rim.”
Why relevant

Describes INCOIS/ITEWC being designated as a Regional Tsunami Service Provider to provide warnings to countries on the Indian Ocean Rim — shows precedent for Indian agencies using space/ocean assets to serve IOR countries.

How to extend

One could look for analogous ISRO/INCOIS announcements showing that specific Indian satellites provide regional warning or service coverage to Indian Ocean Rim nations.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > India and the Geopolitics of the Indian Ocean > p. 78
Strength: 4/5
“Thus Indian Ocean is termed "Oilline of India." Moreover, the bulk of Indian salt is also obtained from the Indian Ocean.• ♦ The potential tidal energy, especially along the Gulf of Khambat, is enormous.• ♦ India occupies an important geographical position is the central arc of the Indian Ocean.• ♦ India has significant economic and technical co-operation programmes in the littoral states of the Indian ocean. India has been providing technical training facilities, Indian expertise, and consultancy services to the countries around the Indian Ocean.”
Why relevant

States India has significant economic and technical co‑operation programmes and provides technical training, expertise and consultancy to countries around the Indian Ocean — indicates an institutional pattern of India offering regional services/assistance.

How to extend

A student could infer that satellites developed by India may be intended for regional partners and then verify whether IndARC’s stated beneficiaries include Indian Ocean Rim countries in ISRO/agency sources.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Fig. 16.16 Pirate Attacks in Indian Ocean > p. 80
Strength: 4/5
“The experts agree that piracy can be lynched ''not on the sea but on land'' i.e. by attacking all the vested interests and a long web of players involved in piracy industry as well as rebuilding the state of Somalia. The Association of South East Asian Nations, the SAARC countries and Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Co-operation can foster regional economic and technical cooperation. Moreover, India needs to strengthen its relation with the island countries like Seychelles, Comors, Zanzibar, as well as the east African countries and Yemen. Finally, India needs to deploy the full range of weapons to strengthen its Indian Ocean Region (IOR) identity.”
Why relevant

Mentions the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Co‑operation and the need for regional cooperation — highlights institutional frameworks through which India might provide shared services to IOR states.

How to extend

Use the association’s membership list and compare it with any published service coverage or service agreements for IndARC to see if the satellite’s services align with IOR cooperation goals.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Response of the Bordering Countries > p. 72
Strength: 3/5
“As stated at the outset, there are 47 littoral countries, 7 island countries and 13 landlocked countries in the Indian Ocean. All these countries are, historically, economically and culturally, associated with the Indian Ocean. Moreover, there are 13 landlocked countries which are also included into this ocean as their trade is carried on through the Indian Ocean. With the growing military build up and big power rivalries the littoral states are greatly concerned about their political stability and economic development. All the littoral states want the Indian Ocean to remain a 'zone of peace'. This is imperative considering the socio-”
Why relevant

Provides counts and categories of Indian Ocean littoral/island/landlocked states and stresses their interest in the Indian Ocean remaining a 'zone of peace' — shows there is a defined group of countries (Indian Ocean Rim) that could be recipients of regional services.

How to extend

A student could map those littoral/island countries and check if IndARC’s technical footprint (communications, telemetry, warning services) would plausibly cover that geographic area.

Statement 3
Is IndARC a scientific establishment set up by India in the Antarctic region?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Oceans and Continents > DON'T MISS OUT > p. 37
Strength: 5/5
“In 1983, India established its first scientific base station there, called 'Dakshin Gangotri' (two more bases were established later). About 40 teams of Indian scientists have conducted research in this faraway region, especially on the evolution of climate and environment. The settlement where the scientists live has a library and even a post office!”
Why relevant

States that India has established scientific base stations in Antarctica (e.g., Dakshin Gangotri) and that Indian scientist teams conduct research there.

How to extend

A student could compare the name 'IndARC' with the list of known Indian Antarctic installations to see if it matches an Indian base in Antarctica or is instead something else.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Environment and Natural Resources > ANTARCTICA > p. 85
Strength: 4/5
“These differences, however, have not prevented the adoption of innovative and potentially far-reaching rules for the protection of the Antarctic environment and its ecosystem. The Antarctic and the Arctic polar regions are subjected to special regional rules of environmental protection. Since 1959, activities in the area have been limited to scientific research, fishing and tourism. Even these limited activities have not prevented parts of the region from being degraded by waste as a result of oil spills. areas or regions of the world which are located outside the sovereign jurisdiction of any one state, and therefore require common governance by the international community.”
Why relevant

Explains that activities in the polar regions (including Antarctica) have been limited since 1959 largely to scientific research.

How to extend

Use this rule to infer that any legitimate Indian installation in Antarctica would most likely be a scientific establishment, so verifying IndARC's activity type would test the statement.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 5: Biodiversity and Legislations > antarctIc trEaty. > p. 11
Strength: 4/5
“Te Antarctic Treaty and related agreement, collectively called Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, the earth's only continent without a native population. For the purpose of treaty system, Antarctica is defned as all of land and ice-shelves south of 60o S latitude. Te Treaty entering into force in 1961 and eventually signed by 45 countries, set aside Antarctica as a scientifc reserve, establishes freedom of scientifc investigation and bans military activity on that continent. Te treaty was the frst arms control agreement established during the Cold War. Te Antarctic Treaty Secretariat Headquarters is located in Buenos Aires (Argentina).”
Why relevant

Defines 'Antarctica' for treaty purposes as land and ice-shelves south of 60°S and frames the continent as a scientific reserve with freedom of scientific investigation.

How to extend

A student could check the geographic coordinates or operational area of 'IndARC' against the >60°S definition to determine if it lies within the Antarctic region governed by the Treaty.

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Distribution of Oceans and Continents > MOVEMENT OF THE INDIAN PLATE > p. 34
Strength: 3/5
“The boundary between India and the Antarctic plate is also marked by oceanic ridge (divergent boundary) running in roughly W-E direction and merging into the spreading site, a little south of New Zealand. India was a large island situated off the Australian coast, in a vast ocean. The Tethys Sea separated it from the Asian continent till about 225 million years ago. India is supposed to have started her northward journey about 200 million years ago at the time when Pangaea broke. India collided with Asia about 40-50 million years ago causing rapid uplift of the Himalayas. The positions of India since about 71 million years till the present are shown in the Figure 4.6.”
Why relevant

Mentions the Antarctic plate and its geographic relation, giving context for distinguishing Antarctic vs other polar/plate regions.

How to extend

A student could use basic maps/plate boundaries to see whether IndARC's stated location aligns with the Antarctic plate/region or with a different polar area (e.g., Arctic).

Statement 4
Is IndARC an Indian underwater observatory established to scientifically study the Arctic region?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"established an underwater moored observatory “IndARC” in the region with the purpose of finding linkages between the Arctic weather parameters and the south-west monsoon."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states IndARC is an 'underwater moored observatory'.
  • Specifies its purpose: to find linkages between Arctic weather parameters and the south-west monsoon, indicating scientific study.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Deployment of IndARC, India’s first sub-surface moored observatory in the polar waters of Arctic."
Why this source?
  • Describes deployment of IndARC as 'India’s first sub-surface moored observatory' in Arctic polar waters.
  • Confirms Indian origin and sub-surface (underwater) nature, supporting the claim.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Oceans and Continents > DON'T MISS OUT > p. 37
Strength: 5/5
“In 1983, India established its first scientific base station there, called 'Dakshin Gangotri' (two more bases were established later). About 40 teams of Indian scientists have conducted research in this faraway region, especially on the evolution of climate and environment. The settlement where the scientists live has a library and even a post office!”
Why relevant

Shows India establishes scientific polar base stations (Dakshin Gangotri) and conducts research in faraway polar regions.

How to extend

A student could infer India has institutional experience in polar research and therefore could plausibly fund an Arctic observatory; verify by checking Indian polar programmes or ministry records.

Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 12: Earth, Moon, and the Sun > FASCINATING FACTS > p. 183
Strength: 4/5
“The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is located in the beautiful Palani range of hills in southern India. It was established in 1899 and has provided data about the Sun for over 100 years. It is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru.”
Why relevant

Describes Indian-operated scientific observatories (e.g., Kodaikanal) as an example of national observatory infrastructure.

How to extend

Use the pattern that India runs observatories to justify checking whether a similarly named facility (IndARC) is an Indian observatory focused on the Arctic.

Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 15: Tsunami > India's Preparedness > p. 195
Strength: 4/5
“• The Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting System (DOARS) was set up in the Indian Ocean post-2004. The Indian government plans to set up a network with Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand etc.• A National Tsunami Early Warning Centre, which can detect earthquakes of more than 6 magnitude in the Indian Ocean, was inaugurated in 2007 in India. Set up by the Ministry of Earth Sciences in the Indian”
Why relevant

Reports Indian establishment of ocean-monitoring systems (DOARS, National Tsunami Early Warning Centre), showing capability in marine/ocean instrumentation and networks.

How to extend

Combine this with the idea of underwater observatories to assess plausibility that India could deploy an underwater Arctic observatory; check technical programme documents or ministry of earth sciences outputs.

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: The Oceans > Exploring the Oceans > p. 104
Strength: 4/5
“The most famous international oceanographic research centre is the International Council for 12. A Piston covers, such as this, are used to sample the sediment on the ocean floors Mohammad Ayob Exploration of the Sea with its headquarters in Copenhagen. Ocean exploration for the observation and recording of oceanographic data is a very expensive matter. It involves the operation and maintenance of specially equipped vessels in mid-ocean for long periods, and large-scale oceanographic researches are thus best undertaken by international bodies.”
Why relevant

Explains that oceanographic research centres and long-term ocean observation are expensive and often international, implying such facilities exist and may be collaborative.

How to extend

A student could infer that an Arctic underwater observatory might be run by a national agency or international partnership and should appear in oceanographic programme lists.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Environment and Natural Resources > ANTARCTICA > p. 85
Strength: 3/5
“These differences, however, have not prevented the adoption of innovative and potentially far-reaching rules for the protection of the Antarctic environment and its ecosystem. The Antarctic and the Arctic polar regions are subjected to special regional rules of environmental protection. Since 1959, activities in the area have been limited to scientific research, fishing and tourism. Even these limited activities have not prevented parts of the region from being degraded by waste as a result of oil spills. areas or regions of the world which are located outside the sovereign jurisdiction of any one state, and therefore require common governance by the international community.”
Why relevant

Notes that polar regions' activities are limited largely to scientific research, indicating any established facility in Arctic/Antarctic is likely scientific in purpose.

How to extend

Use this rule to interpret the name 'IndARC' (if indicating Arctic) as likely a scientific installation; then look for corroborating programme or treaty-era records.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC consistently tests India's scientific presence in 'Global Commons' (Polar regions, High Seas, Space). Any new observatory or permanent station established by NCPOR or ISRO is a high-probability target.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Current Affairs Sitter (if read) / Bouncer (if missed). Source: PIB/The Hindu coverage of India's Arctic deployment (2014).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: India's 'Three Poles' Policy (Arctic, Antarctic, Himalayas) and the Ministry of Earth Sciences' institutional footprint.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the station roster: Antarctic (Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, Bharati); Arctic (Himadri - surface, IndARC - underwater); Himalayas (Himansh - high altitude); Deep Ocean (Samudrayaan/Matsya 6000).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When you see an acronym like 'IndARC', deconstruct it immediately. Don't just read the news; map India's sensors. Is it looking UP (Astrosat), looking DOWN (RISAT), or looking DEEP (IndARC)?
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Indigenisation of defence and space technology
💡 The insight

The references emphasise India's drive to develop indigenous technology (e.g., sounding rockets, defence equipment), which is central to judging claims about indigenously developed systems.

Questions on 'Make in India', self-reliance in defence/space tech, and examples of indigenous systems are frequently tested. Understanding historical efforts and policy thrusts helps evaluate whether a weapon/system is likely indigenous. Prepare by mapping major indigenous programmes and policy timelines and linking them to procurement outcomes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase I: 1960–70 > p. 55
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 38: Developments under Nehru’s Leadership (1947-64) > Progress of Science and Technology > p. 647
🔗 Anchor: "Is IndARC an indigenously developed radar system inducted into Indian defence fo..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Role of ISRO and national space institutions in indigenous R&D
💡 The insight

Evidence shows ISRO/Department of Space and indigenous launch/sounding rocket efforts; such institutions are primary developers of indigenous sensors and platforms relevant to technology-origin questions.

UPSC often asks about institutional roles in science & technology and their impact on national capabilities. Mastering which agencies (ISRO, DRDO, etc.) produce which types of systems helps spot plausible sources of 'indigenous' claims. Study institutional mandates, flagship programmes (rockets, satellites) and inter-agency linkages.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase I: 1960–70 > p. 55
  • INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 84
🔗 Anchor: "Is IndARC an indigenously developed radar system inducted into Indian defence fo..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Defence as a Union subject & ‘Defence industries’ in constitutional/administrative context
💡 The insight

Determining whether a system is ‘inducted into Indian defence forces’ involves understanding defence as a Union subject and the role of defence industries in production/procurement.

Constitutional distribution and the policy framework for defence procurement/induction are high-yield for UPSC. Knowing that defence and defence industries fall under the Union List helps frame questions about administration, procurement responsibility, and induction processes. Revise Union List entries, defence procurement processes, and links to domestic industry.

📚 Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 35: TABLES > List III-Concurrent List. > p. 548
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > UNION LIST (LIST-I) > p. 708
🔗 Anchor: "Is IndARC an indigenously developed radar system inducted into Indian defence fo..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 INCOIS / ITEWC as Regional Tsunami Service Provider
💡 The insight

Evidence shows India (through INCOIS and ITEWC) is designated to provide tsunami and coastal warning services to countries on the Indian Ocean Rim, illustrating an example of India providing regional oceanic services.

High-yield for UPSC: links disaster management, India's role in regional cooperation, and international institutional designations (UNESCO/IOC). Understand the institutional chain (INCOIS → ITEWC → RTSP) and implications for regional diplomacy and disaster preparedness. Study official mandates and case studies of warning dissemination.

📚 Reading List :
  • Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 15: Tsunami > Tsunami Ready' Tag > p. 196
🔗 Anchor: "Is IndARC India's satellite intended to provide services to the countries of the..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 INSAT and IRS — India's multi-purpose satellite systems
💡 The insight

References describe INSAT and IRS as Indian satellite systems used for telecommunication, meteorological observation and other services that can support regional needs (e.g., weather, disaster monitoring).

Important for GS Paper 3: shows distinctions between Indian satellite systems and their applications (communication, earth observation, navigation). Connects to space policy, disaster management, and regional service provision. Learn system functions, major use-cases, and how they support national/regional requirements.

📚 Reading List :
  • INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 84
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > SPACE SECTOR > p. 433
🔗 Anchor: "Is IndARC India's satellite intended to provide services to the countries of the..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 India's strategic role and technical cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR)
💡 The insight

Evidence highlights India's geographic centrality in the Indian Ocean and its provision of technical training, expertise and cooperation to littoral states—context for India offering services to IOR countries.

Core for polity/geography/geopolitics: explains India's maritime diplomacy, regional organisations (IORA), and capacity-building roles. Useful for questions on India's neighbourhood policy, maritime strategy and regional institutions. Prepare by linking geography (location, littoral states) with diplomatic initiatives and cooperative programs.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > India and the Geopolitics of the Indian Ocean > p. 78
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Response of the Bordering Countries > p. 72
🔗 Anchor: "Is IndARC India's satellite intended to provide services to the countries of the..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Indian Antarctic research stations (Dakshin Gangotri and successors)
💡 The insight

Reference [1] records that India established its first Antarctic base, Dakshin Gangotri, and later additional bases — showing India's practice of setting up scientific stations in Antarctica.

UPSC often asks about India's polar presence and institutions; knowing base names, chronology and purpose links to questions on science & technology, polar policy and national prestige. Learn by memorising key Indian stations, years of establishment and their roles; connect this to India's broader polar research programmes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Oceans and Continents > DON'T MISS OUT > p. 37
🔗 Anchor: "Is IndARC a scientific establishment set up by India in the Antarctic region?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Himansh' research station. Established in 2016 in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, it is India's dedicated high-altitude glaciology station. It completes the 'Three Poles' triad (Arctic, Antarctic, Himalayas) and is the logical sibling to IndARC.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Etymological Decryption: 'Ind' = India. 'ARC' = Arctic. Option C says 'Antarctic' (which would likely use 'ANT'). Option D says 'Arctic'. The suffix 'ARC' strongly aligns with Arctic. Options A and B are generic tech distractors with no linguistic link to the name.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-1 (Geography) & GS-3 (Environment): The scientific purpose of IndARC is to study the teleconnection between Arctic ice melt and the Indian Monsoon. This links a prelims fact directly to a core climate change mechanism.

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