Question map
The term 'IndARC', sometimes seen in the news, is the name of
Explanation
IndARC is India's first sub-surface moored observatory deployed in the polar waters of the Arctic.[2] This underwater moored observatory "IndARC" was established in the region with the purpose of finding linkages between the Arctic weather parameters and the south-west monsoon.[3]
It is not a radar system for defense purposes (Option A is incorrect), nor is it a satellite for Indian Ocean Rim countries (Option B is incorrect). It is also not located in the Antarctic region (Option C is incorrect), but rather in the Arctic region. The observatory represents India's scientific efforts to understand Arctic oceanographic and atmospheric conditions and their potential impact on Indian monsoon patterns, making it an important tool for climate research and weather forecasting.
Sources- [1] https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Debates/OfficialDebatesDatewise/Floor/240/F21.07.2016.pdf
- [2] https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Debates/OfficialDebatesDatewise/Floor/240/F21.07.2016.pdf
- [3] https://capssindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Stuti-Banerjee-Ankita-Dutta_The-Changing-Arctic-and-Indias-Strategy-2-1-23.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Term in News' question derived purely from Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) press releases or The Hindu science page (2014-15). Standard static books fail here. The key is tracking India's 'Firsts' in scientific deployments (Polar, Space, Deep Ocean).
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is IndARC an indigenously developed radar system inducted into Indian defence forces?
- Statement 2: Is IndARC India's satellite intended to provide services to the countries of the Indian Ocean Rim?
- Statement 3: Is IndARC a scientific establishment set up by India in the Antarctic region?
- Statement 4: Is IndARC an Indian underwater observatory established to scientifically study the Arctic region?
- The passage identifies IndARC as a sub-surface moored observatory, not a radar system.
- It frames IndARC in the context of ocean observation systems and scientific deployment (Arctic), not defence induction.
Describes a deliberate national policy and practice of indigenising technology and supply routes (example: Rohini sounding rockets and ISRO creation).
A student could infer that India has institutional experience and policy precedent for developing indigenous high-technology systems (like radars) and then check defence procurement or manufacturer records for IndARC.
Explicitly states that steps were taken to increase India's capacity in production of defence equipment.
Use this as a basis to investigate whether radar systems (such as IndARC) are listed among domestically produced defence equipments or manufacturers in government/DRDO publications.
Notes that India had started indigenous weapons manufacture and modernised its armed forces (historical pattern of domestic defence production).
Combine this pattern with contemporary defence industry sources to see if IndARC appears as a domestically manufactured radar inducted into the forces.
Gives an example of India developing complex indigenous space systems (IRS satellites, PSLV), showing technical capability to build advanced electronic systems.
A student could reasonably extend technological capability from indigenous space electronics to potential indigenous radar development and then search defence technology catalogs or manufacturer announcements for IndARC.
Lists 'Defence industries' under Union List, implying central policy and institutional responsibility over defence production.
This suggests checking central government/Ministry of Defence sources or official procurement/indigenisation programs to confirm whether IndARC was developed and inducted indigenously.
Defines India’s satellite systems (INSAT) as multi-purpose platforms for telecommunication, meteorology and other services — establishes that India uses satellites to provide regional services.
A student could check whether IndARC is listed under INSAT/ISRO multi-purpose satellites and compare the stated mission domains (telecom, meteorology) with the claimed service recipients (Indian Ocean Rim countries).
Describes INCOIS/ITEWC being designated as a Regional Tsunami Service Provider to provide warnings to countries on the Indian Ocean Rim — shows precedent for Indian agencies using space/ocean assets to serve IOR countries.
One could look for analogous ISRO/INCOIS announcements showing that specific Indian satellites provide regional warning or service coverage to Indian Ocean Rim nations.
States India has significant economic and technical co‑operation programmes and provides technical training, expertise and consultancy to countries around the Indian Ocean — indicates an institutional pattern of India offering regional services/assistance.
A student could infer that satellites developed by India may be intended for regional partners and then verify whether IndARC’s stated beneficiaries include Indian Ocean Rim countries in ISRO/agency sources.
Mentions the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Co‑operation and the need for regional cooperation — highlights institutional frameworks through which India might provide shared services to IOR states.
Use the association’s membership list and compare it with any published service coverage or service agreements for IndARC to see if the satellite’s services align with IOR cooperation goals.
Provides counts and categories of Indian Ocean littoral/island/landlocked states and stresses their interest in the Indian Ocean remaining a 'zone of peace' — shows there is a defined group of countries (Indian Ocean Rim) that could be recipients of regional services.
A student could map those littoral/island countries and check if IndARC’s technical footprint (communications, telemetry, warning services) would plausibly cover that geographic area.
States that India has established scientific base stations in Antarctica (e.g., Dakshin Gangotri) and that Indian scientist teams conduct research there.
A student could compare the name 'IndARC' with the list of known Indian Antarctic installations to see if it matches an Indian base in Antarctica or is instead something else.
Explains that activities in the polar regions (including Antarctica) have been limited since 1959 largely to scientific research.
Use this rule to infer that any legitimate Indian installation in Antarctica would most likely be a scientific establishment, so verifying IndARC's activity type would test the statement.
Defines 'Antarctica' for treaty purposes as land and ice-shelves south of 60°S and frames the continent as a scientific reserve with freedom of scientific investigation.
A student could check the geographic coordinates or operational area of 'IndARC' against the >60°S definition to determine if it lies within the Antarctic region governed by the Treaty.
Mentions the Antarctic plate and its geographic relation, giving context for distinguishing Antarctic vs other polar/plate regions.
A student could use basic maps/plate boundaries to see whether IndARC's stated location aligns with the Antarctic plate/region or with a different polar area (e.g., Arctic).
- Explicitly states IndARC is an 'underwater moored observatory'.
- Specifies its purpose: to find linkages between Arctic weather parameters and the south-west monsoon, indicating scientific study.
- Describes deployment of IndARC as 'India’s first sub-surface moored observatory' in Arctic polar waters.
- Confirms Indian origin and sub-surface (underwater) nature, supporting the claim.
Shows India establishes scientific polar base stations (Dakshin Gangotri) and conducts research in faraway polar regions.
A student could infer India has institutional experience in polar research and therefore could plausibly fund an Arctic observatory; verify by checking Indian polar programmes or ministry records.
Describes Indian-operated scientific observatories (e.g., Kodaikanal) as an example of national observatory infrastructure.
Use the pattern that India runs observatories to justify checking whether a similarly named facility (IndARC) is an Indian observatory focused on the Arctic.
Reports Indian establishment of ocean-monitoring systems (DOARS, National Tsunami Early Warning Centre), showing capability in marine/ocean instrumentation and networks.
Combine this with the idea of underwater observatories to assess plausibility that India could deploy an underwater Arctic observatory; check technical programme documents or ministry of earth sciences outputs.
Explains that oceanographic research centres and long-term ocean observation are expensive and often international, implying such facilities exist and may be collaborative.
A student could infer that an Arctic underwater observatory might be run by a national agency or international partnership and should appear in oceanographic programme lists.
Notes that polar regions' activities are limited largely to scientific research, indicating any established facility in Arctic/Antarctic is likely scientific in purpose.
Use this rule to interpret the name 'IndARC' (if indicating Arctic) as likely a scientific installation; then look for corroborating programme or treaty-era records.
- [THE VERDICT]: Current Affairs Sitter (if read) / Bouncer (if missed). Source: PIB/The Hindu coverage of India's Arctic deployment (2014).
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: India's 'Three Poles' Policy (Arctic, Antarctic, Himalayas) and the Ministry of Earth Sciences' institutional footprint.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the station roster: Antarctic (Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, Bharati); Arctic (Himadri - surface, IndARC - underwater); Himalayas (Himansh - high altitude); Deep Ocean (Samudrayaan/Matsya 6000).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When you see an acronym like 'IndARC', deconstruct it immediately. Don't just read the news; map India's sensors. Is it looking UP (Astrosat), looking DOWN (RISAT), or looking DEEP (IndARC)?
The references emphasise India's drive to develop indigenous technology (e.g., sounding rockets, defence equipment), which is central to judging claims about indigenously developed systems.
Questions on 'Make in India', self-reliance in defence/space tech, and examples of indigenous systems are frequently tested. Understanding historical efforts and policy thrusts helps evaluate whether a weapon/system is likely indigenous. Prepare by mapping major indigenous programmes and policy timelines and linking them to procurement outcomes.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase I: 1960–70 > p. 55
- Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 38: Developments under Nehru’s Leadership (1947-64) > Progress of Science and Technology > p. 647
Evidence shows ISRO/Department of Space and indigenous launch/sounding rocket efforts; such institutions are primary developers of indigenous sensors and platforms relevant to technology-origin questions.
UPSC often asks about institutional roles in science & technology and their impact on national capabilities. Mastering which agencies (ISRO, DRDO, etc.) produce which types of systems helps spot plausible sources of 'indigenous' claims. Study institutional mandates, flagship programmes (rockets, satellites) and inter-agency linkages.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Phase I: 1960–70 > p. 55
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 84
Determining whether a system is ‘inducted into Indian defence forces’ involves understanding defence as a Union subject and the role of defence industries in production/procurement.
Constitutional distribution and the policy framework for defence procurement/induction are high-yield for UPSC. Knowing that defence and defence industries fall under the Union List helps frame questions about administration, procurement responsibility, and induction processes. Revise Union List entries, defence procurement processes, and links to domestic industry.
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 35: TABLES > List III-Concurrent List. > p. 548
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > UNION LIST (LIST-I) > p. 708
Evidence shows India (through INCOIS and ITEWC) is designated to provide tsunami and coastal warning services to countries on the Indian Ocean Rim, illustrating an example of India providing regional oceanic services.
High-yield for UPSC: links disaster management, India's role in regional cooperation, and international institutional designations (UNESCO/IOC). Understand the institutional chain (INCOIS → ITEWC → RTSP) and implications for regional diplomacy and disaster preparedness. Study official mandates and case studies of warning dissemination.
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 15: Tsunami > Tsunami Ready' Tag > p. 196
References describe INSAT and IRS as Indian satellite systems used for telecommunication, meteorological observation and other services that can support regional needs (e.g., weather, disaster monitoring).
Important for GS Paper 3: shows distinctions between Indian satellite systems and their applications (communication, earth observation, navigation). Connects to space policy, disaster management, and regional service provision. Learn system functions, major use-cases, and how they support national/regional requirements.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 84
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > SPACE SECTOR > p. 433
Evidence highlights India's geographic centrality in the Indian Ocean and its provision of technical training, expertise and cooperation to littoral states—context for India offering services to IOR countries.
Core for polity/geography/geopolitics: explains India's maritime diplomacy, regional organisations (IORA), and capacity-building roles. Useful for questions on India's neighbourhood policy, maritime strategy and regional institutions. Prepare by linking geography (location, littoral states) with diplomatic initiatives and cooperative programs.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > India and the Geopolitics of the Indian Ocean > p. 78
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Response of the Bordering Countries > p. 72
Reference [1] records that India established its first Antarctic base, Dakshin Gangotri, and later additional bases — showing India's practice of setting up scientific stations in Antarctica.
UPSC often asks about India's polar presence and institutions; knowing base names, chronology and purpose links to questions on science & technology, polar policy and national prestige. Learn by memorising key Indian stations, years of establishment and their roles; connect this to India's broader polar research programmes.
- Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Oceans and Continents > DON'T MISS OUT > p. 37
The 'Himansh' research station. Established in 2016 in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, it is India's dedicated high-altitude glaciology station. It completes the 'Three Poles' triad (Arctic, Antarctic, Himalayas) and is the logical sibling to IndARC.
Etymological Decryption: 'Ind' = India. 'ARC' = Arctic. Option C says 'Antarctic' (which would likely use 'ANT'). Option D says 'Arctic'. The suffix 'ARC' strongly aligns with Arctic. Options A and B are generic tech distractors with no linguistic link to the name.
Mains GS-1 (Geography) & GS-3 (Environment): The scientific purpose of IndARC is to study the teleconnection between Arctic ice melt and the Indian Monsoon. This links a prelims fact directly to a core climate change mechanism.
SIMILAR QUESTIONS
What is "Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)", sometimes seen in the news ?
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