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Q55 (IAS/2018) Science & Technology › ICT, AI, Cybersecurity & Emerging Tech › Satellite and navigation systems Official Key

In which of the following areas can GPS technology be used ? 1. Mobile phone operations 2. Banking operations 3. Controlling the power grids Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is option D because GPS technology can be used in all three areas mentioned.

GPS has become a handy tool to find out exact locations[1], which directly supports its use in mobile phone operations for navigation and location-based services. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) can discover the shortest routes for transporting goods[2], demonstrating its practical application in various operational contexts.

For banking operations, GPS technology is used for location-based security, ATM locators, fraud detection by tracking transaction locations, and timestamping of transactions. In power grid control, GPS provides precise time synchronization critical for coordinating power distribution across the grid, enabling real-time monitoring and automated fault detection systems.

While the documents explicitly confirm GPS usage in mobile operations and general technological applications, GPS's role in providing accurate timing and location data makes it essential for both banking security systems and power grid synchronization. Therefore, all three applications—mobile phone operations, banking operations, and controlling power grids—utilize GPS technology, making option D the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Geography as a Discipline > 4. Regional Analysis > p. 9
  2. [2] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Factors of Production > Technology: An Enabler of Production > p. 176
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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. In which of the following areas can GPS technology be used ? 1. Mobile phone operations 2. Banking operations 3. Controlling the power…
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 3.3/10 · 0/10

This is a classic 'Application of Technology' question. While Statement 1 is direct NCERT geography, Statements 2 and 3 test your understanding of GPS as a 'Timing' tool, not just a 'Positioning' tool. The strategy here is not to find a specific book line, but to apply the 'Possibility Heuristic' common in Science & Tech: if a technology provides data (location/time), any sector needing that data can theoretically use it.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Can GPS technology be used in mobile phone operations (for location services and navigation)?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Geography as a Discipline > 4. Regional Analysis > p. 9
Presence: 5/5
“transformed into computer cartography. Technology has enabled scholars to handle large quantum of data. The internet provides extensive information. Thus, the capacity to attempt analysis has increased tremendously. GIS has further opened vistas of knowledge. GPS has become a handy tool to find out exact locations. Technologies have enhanced the capacity of attempting synthesis with sound theoretical understanding. You will learn some preliminary aspects of these techniques in your book, Practical work in Geography – Part I (NCERT, 2006). You will continue to improve upon your skills and learn about their application.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states GPS is a 'handy tool to find out exact locations' — directly supports use for location services.
  • Frames GPS as a practical technology used for locating positions, which is the core capability used by phone location features.
Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Factors of Production > Technology: An Enabler of Production > p. 176
Presence: 5/5
“Technology means the application of scientific knowledge. For example, a camera converts light into electrical signals to create a digital image. Any production-related activity uses some form of technology. Some early forms of technology that have existed since ancient times are still in use today. Today, newer and advanced technological developments are applied in various areas, making our lives easier. For example, payments can be made at the click of a button through UPI (Unified Payments Interface); farmers can get advance weather updates; Global Positioning Systems (GPS) can discover the shortest routes for transporting goods, and so on. Fig. 7.19.”
Why this source?
  • Describes GPS as able to 'discover the shortest routes' — directly supports navigation use-case.
  • Shows GPS applicability to route-finding, the same function mobile phone navigation apps perform.
Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > Communication Sector > p. 432
Presence: 3/5
“The communication service is defined as the transmission of messages, particularly sending and receiving information. Development of satellite communication and mobile technologies gives prominence to this sector.”
Why this source?
  • Links development of satellite communication with mobile technologies, implying mobile devices can use satellite-based services.
  • Provides contextual support that mobile technology and satellite-based systems operate together in the communications sector.
Statement 2
Can GPS technology be used in banking operations?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Factors of Production > Technology: An Enabler of Production > p. 176
Strength: 4/5
“Technology means the application of scientific knowledge. For example, a camera converts light into electrical signals to create a digital image. Any production-related activity uses some form of technology. Some early forms of technology that have existed since ancient times are still in use today. Today, newer and advanced technological developments are applied in various areas, making our lives easier. For example, payments can be made at the click of a button through UPI (Unified Payments Interface); farmers can get advance weather updates; Global Positioning Systems (GPS) can discover the shortest routes for transporting goods, and so on. Fig. 7.19.”
Why relevant

Mentions GPS as a tool to discover shortest routes for transporting goods and lists payments via mobile/UPI as an example of technology in payments.

How to extend

A student could combine GPS route-finding with mobile payment systems to infer GPS could help logistics (cash-in-transit routing) or merchant/payment location verification.

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Geography as a Discipline > 4. Regional Analysis > p. 9
Strength: 4/5
“transformed into computer cartography. Technology has enabled scholars to handle large quantum of data. The internet provides extensive information. Thus, the capacity to attempt analysis has increased tremendously. GIS has further opened vistas of knowledge. GPS has become a handy tool to find out exact locations. Technologies have enhanced the capacity of attempting synthesis with sound theoretical understanding. You will learn some preliminary aspects of these techniques in your book, Practical work in Geography – Part I (NCERT, 2006). You will continue to improve upon your skills and learn about their application.”
Why relevant

States GPS is a handy tool to find exact locations and that technology (GIS/GPS) enhances data handling and analysis.

How to extend

Using basic knowledge that banks maintain assets/branches and deliver services, one can extend this to possible uses like branch/ATM mapping, asset tracking, or location-based customer services.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > How will e-Rupee work? > p. 78
Strength: 5/5
“And the requirement of inter-bank settlement would disappear.• Transactions can be both person to person and person to merchant (payments to merchants can be made using QR Codes)• Users will be able to transact with e-rupee through a digital wallet offered by the participating banks and stored on mobile phones and other devices• Just like we withdraw cash from our bank deposits in the same way we can transfer our bank deposits to a CBDC wallet and this transaction is recorded in Core Banking Solution (CBS) of the bank.• But when transactions are made from one CBDC wallet to another CBDC wallet then this transaction is not recorded in the CBS of the bank and remains anonymous.”
Why relevant

Describes e-rupee functioning with digital wallets on mobile devices and transactions recorded in banks' Core Banking Solution (CBS).

How to extend

A student could reason that mobile wallets on devices can expose location metadata (via GPS) to support fraud detection, merchant proximity checks, or location-tagged transactions.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 21. Payment Banks: > p. 87
Strength: 4/5
“Payment banks will accept only demand deposits i.e., only savings account and current account facility will be available)• The payment banks will be cashing in on mobile technology and applications to cater to the various services they will be offering and with the use of technology they can be cost efficient.• Payment banks will be acting as add-on to the already established banks, rather than their competitors. 22. Small Finance Banks: • In Sept.”
Why relevant

Explains payment banks will capitalise on mobile technology and applications to deliver services and be cost-efficient.

How to extend

Combine this with GPS being available on mobiles to infer potential banking uses such as agent location services, customer onboarding (KYC verification), or proximity-based offers.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > Core Banking Solution > p. 227
Strength: 3/5
“Under Core Banking Solution (CBS), Core stands for 'Centralised Online Real-time Exchange'. CBS is a network of branches which enables account holders to operate their accounts and avail banking services from any branch of the Bank on CBS network, regardless of where he maintains his account. The customer is no more the customer of a Bank's Branch. He becomes the overall Bank's Customer. E-Kuber: It is the Core Banking Solution (CBS) platform of RBI which is used by RBI to conduct auctioning of G-Secs. Commercial Banks, Scheduled UCBs, Primary Dealers, Insurance Companies and Provident Funds who maintain Current Account and Securities Accounts with RBI are the members of E-Kuber and can take part in auction.”
Why relevant

Defines Core Banking Solution (CBS) as online, networked banking enabling customers to operate accounts from anywhere on the bank's network.

How to extend

Given CBS centralises transactions, a student could posit GPS-derived location data from client devices might be integrated with CBS for context-aware services or security checks.

Statement 3
Can GPS technology be used in controlling power grids?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 5: Earths Magnetic Field (Geomagnetic Field) > Effects of Geomagnetic Storms > p. 68
Strength: 5/5
“• The ionosphere gets heated & distorted, which means that long-range radio communication that is dependent upon sub-ionospheric reflection can be difficult.• Ionospheric expansion can increase satellite drag, and it may become difficult to control their orbits.• Geomagnetic storms disrupt satellite communication systems like GPS.• Astronauts would face high radiation levels.• Electric power grids would see a high increase in voltage that would cause blackouts.”
Why relevant

This snippet links two systems — satellites/GPS and power grids — by noting geomagnetic storms can disrupt GPS and simultaneously cause large disturbances in electric power grids.

How to extend

A student could combine this with the basic fact that GPS satellites provide positioning/timing services to ask whether grids rely on that timing/positioning and thus would be affected if GPS were used for control/synchronization.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 11: Agriculture - Part II > Smart Farming > p. 359
Strength: 4/5
“These robots can also be used in harvesting and lifting. Heavy farming vehicles can also be navigated from the comfort of homes through phone screens to perform tasks and GPS can track their positions at every time.• Drones equipped with sensors and cameras are used for imaging, mapping and surveying the farms. They can be remotely controlled or they can fly automatically through software-controlled flight plans in their embedded systems, working in coordination with sensors and GPS. From the drone data, insights can be drawn regarding crop health, irrigation, spraying, planting, soil and field, plant counting and yield prediction and much more.• IoT based remote sensing utilizes sensors placed along the farms like weather stations for gathering data which is transmitted to analytical tool for analysis.”
Why relevant

Describes practical uses of GPS for tracking and automated navigation of robots/drones, showing GPS is already used to control and coordinate remote equipment.

How to extend

Extend by reasoning that if GPS can enable remote control and automated coordination of vehicles, similar positioning or synchronization could assist distributed grid assets (e.g., drones inspecting lines, or coordinating mobile resources).

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Factors of Production > Technology: An Enabler of Production > p. 176
Strength: 3/5
“Technology means the application of scientific knowledge. For example, a camera converts light into electrical signals to create a digital image. Any production-related activity uses some form of technology. Some early forms of technology that have existed since ancient times are still in use today. Today, newer and advanced technological developments are applied in various areas, making our lives easier. For example, payments can be made at the click of a button through UPI (Unified Payments Interface); farmers can get advance weather updates; Global Positioning Systems (GPS) can discover the shortest routes for transporting goods, and so on. Fig. 7.19.”
Why relevant

Defines GPS as a technology that discovers routes and supports automated functions, illustrating GPS is a general-purpose enabling technology for control and coordination.

How to extend

A student could infer that such enabling roles (navigation, synchronization) might be transferable to managing/monitoring grid components across large areas, then check technical literature on grid control needs.

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 27: Fuel and Power > Uses and advantages > p. 273
Strength: 5/5
“It can be conveniently used in kitchens, furnaces, and radiators for heating and is without ashes or residue. In factories, offices and homes, a flick of the finger brings light in darkness almost instantly. It preserves food in refrigerators or deep-freezers. It is difficult to imagine what would happen if there were a power failure in the world for just a few hours! 2. Its unlimited degree of divisibility. By the use of simple mechanical devices such as transformers, electrical energy can be adjusted from a fraction of a watt to thousands of watts per hour. It is thus indispensable in modern complex manufactures where the control of speed in machines or in furnaces is precise to a fraction of a second.”
Why relevant

Emphasizes that electrical systems require precise control 'to a fraction of a second', highlighting the importance of accurate timing in power-system operations.

How to extend

Combine this with the common fact that GPS provides precise time signals to hypothesize GPS could be used for grid synchronization and time-stamping of events, then verify in technical sources.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 22: Renewable Energy > zz.r.6. OSOWOG initiative > p. 289
Strength: 3/5
“The Green Grids Initiative, known as One Sun, One World, One Grid (GGI - OSOWOG), represents a collaborative effort involving the International Solar Alliance (ISA), India, France, and the United Kingdom. Its core objective is the establishment of a Global Green Energy Grid, with a primary emphasis on harnessing solar and wind energy sources. The One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) initiative seeks to implement a transnational electricity grid capable ofproviding power to regions across the globe.”
Why relevant

Discusses large-scale/transnational electricity grids (OSOWOG) where coordination across long distances is central, implying a need for reliable communication, monitoring, and coordination tools.

How to extend

A student might reason that cross-region grid control needs accurate coordination and ask whether GPS-based timing/positioning is one practical tool to achieve that at scale.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC Science & Tech questions asking 'In which areas can X be used?' (e.g., Drones, AI, Nanotech, GPS) almost always have 'All of the Above' as the answer. The examiner tests the theoretical scope, not just current industrial adoption.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Application-based Sitter. While specific lines for Banking/Power aren't in standard texts, the 'All of the Above' pattern for S&T application questions makes this solvable.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Space Technology > GPS Applications. Specifically, the PNT triad: Positioning, Navigation, and TIMING.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Invisible' utility of GPS: 1. Timing Synchronization (Atomic Clocks) is vital for Stock Exchanges (High-frequency trading), Power Grids (Phasor Measurement Units), and Telecom towers (Call handoffs). 2. Banking uses it for ATM security (Geofencing) and transaction timestamps. 3. Disaster Management uses it for Search & Rescue (SAR).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Stop asking 'Is this used today?' and start asking 'Can this theoretically be used?'. Power grids need synchronization; GPS provides nanosecond-level timing. Therefore, the link exists. In S&T, 'Can be used' is a wide net.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 GPS for location and navigation
💡 The insight

References state GPS finds exact locations and discovers shortest routes — the two core functions behind phone-based location services and navigation.

High-yield for UPSC questions on technology in transport, disaster management and telecom policy; connects to GIS/GPS applications and practical governance issues (e.g., routing, emergency response). Master by linking technical functions (positioning, routing) to sectoral uses and policy implications.

📚 Reading List :
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Geography as a Discipline > 4. Regional Analysis > p. 9
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Factors of Production > Technology: An Enabler of Production > p. 176
🔗 Anchor: "Can GPS technology be used in mobile phone operations (for location services and..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Satellite navigation systems and augmentation (GAGAN, NavIC)
💡 The insight

Evidence names GAGAN and NavIC as satellite-based navigation/augmentation systems that enhance positioning and timing services.

Important for Indian geography/technology questions and policy debates on indigenous navigation infrastructure; links to civil aviation, defence, and localisation of services. Learn system names, roles, and their relevance to accuracy and regional coverage.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > Note: > p. 434
🔗 Anchor: "Can GPS technology be used in mobile phone operations (for location services and..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Integration of satellite communication with mobile technologies
💡 The insight

References link satellite communication development with mobile technologies, suggesting mobile platforms can leverage satellite-delivered services.

Useful for answering questions on telecom sector development, digital services, and connectivity strategies; helps frame policy answers about leveraging satellites for expanded mobile services (e.g., remote connectivity, location services).

📚 Reading List :
  • Understanding Economic Development. Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: GLOBALISATION AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY > Containers for transport of goods > p. 62
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > Communication Sector > p. 432
🔗 Anchor: "Can GPS technology be used in mobile phone operations (for location services and..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Technology in payment systems and Payment Banks
💡 The insight

References show banks and payment banks leveraging mobile technology and non-bank tech providers to deliver payment services.

High-yield for UPSC economy/GS: explains how fintech and non-bank entities reshape payment infrastructure, links to financial inclusion and regulation (RBI permissions). Useful for questions on digital payments, payment banks, and policy responses; prepares candidates to discuss technology-driven service delivery and regulatory frameworks.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 10.Oversight of payment and settlement systems > p. 70
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 21. Payment Banks: > p. 87
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > How will e-Rupee work? > p. 78
🔗 Anchor: "Can GPS technology be used in banking operations?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 GPS/GIS as location and routing tools
💡 The insight

Evidence describes GPS/GIS use for finding exact locations and discovering shortest routes in transport contexts.

Important for geography and technology overlap in GS: helps answer questions on applications of geospatial tech (disaster management, logistics). Candidates can apply this concept to reason about location-based services or logistics in sectors (including hypothetically banking cash logistics), even when direct links to banking are not provided in sources.

📚 Reading List :
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Factors of Production > Technology: An Enabler of Production > p. 176
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 1: Geography as a Discipline > 4. Regional Analysis > p. 9
  • INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Natural Hazards and Disasters > Earthquake Hazard Mitigation > p. 57
🔗 Anchor: "Can GPS technology be used in banking operations?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Core Banking Solution (CBS) and digital wallets
💡 The insight

References explain CBS as the bank branch network backbone and describe digital wallets/CBDC interactions with bank systems.

Essential for questions on banking modernization and digital currency: clarifies how transactions are recorded, the role of CBS/E-Kuber, and how wallets/CBDC may interact with bank records. Enables candidate to analyze operational impacts of digital payments and reforms.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > How will e-Rupee work? > p. 78
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > 2016| > p. 250
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > Core Banking Solution > p. 227
🔗 Anchor: "Can GPS technology be used in banking operations?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 GPS applications in precision agriculture and drones
💡 The insight

Several references describe GPS used for tracking, navigation and automated flight plans for drones and remote sensing — concrete examples of GPS deployment in sectoral control and monitoring.

High-yield for UPSC because it illustrates practical civilian uses of satellite navigation (rural development, agritech, IoT). Connects to questions on technology adoption in agriculture, digital governance, and rural policy. Learn by mapping GPS functions (navigation, timing, positioning) to sectoral use-cases and policy implications.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 11: Agriculture - Part II > Smart Farming > p. 359
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > Salient Features: > p. 42
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Factors of Production > Technology: An Enabler of Production > p. 176
🔗 Anchor: "Can GPS technology be used in controlling power grids?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Timing' aspect of GPS is the hidden giant. The next logical question is on 'Atomic Clocks' or 'Network Time Protocol (NTP)'. Also, look out for 'Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)'—the specific device that uses GPS to keep power grids stable.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

The 'Impossible Negative' Rule: To mark an option wrong, you must be 100% sure GPS *cannot* be used there. Proving a negative in technology is nearly impossible. If the technology (GPS) offers data (Time/Location) and the sector (Banking/Power) consumes data, the answer is YES. Go with D.

🔗 Mains Connection

Link this to Internal Security (GS-3). Reliance on US-controlled GPS for critical infrastructure (Banking/Power) is a national security risk. This justifies the push for NavIC (IRNSS) to ensure 'Strategic Autonomy' in timing and positioning during conflicts.

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