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Q6 (IAS/2019) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Nationalist leaders Official Key

Consider the following pairs : Movement/ Organization : Leader 1. All India Anti-Untouchability League : Mahatma Gandhi 2. All India Kisan Sabha : Swami Sahajanand Saraswati 3. Self-Respect Movement : E. V. Ramaswami Naicker Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

All three pairs are correctly matched, making option D the correct answer.

Pair 1 is correct: Gandhi set up the All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1932 while in jail[1], and he later launched a comprehensive campaign against untouchability, conducting a Harijan tour covering 20,000 km from November 1933 to July 1934[1].

Pair 2 is correct: The All India Kisan Sabha was founded in Lucknow in April 1936 with Swami Sahjanand Saraswati[2] as the president, making him the founding leader of this important peasant organization.

Pair 3 is correct: The Self-Respect Movement was started by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in the[3] mid-1920s. The movement aimed at rejecting brahminical religion and culture which Naicker felt was the prime instrument of exploitation of the lower castes[3].

Since all three historical associations are accurate, option D (1, 2 and 3) is the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi's Harijan Campaign and thoughts on Caste > p. 393
  2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 31: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 > The All India Kisan Congress/Sabha > p. 581
  3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Self-Respect Movement > p. 226
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Q. Consider the following pairs : Movement/ Organization : Leader 1. All India Anti-Untouchability League : Mahatma Gandhi 2. All India K…
At a glance
Origin: From standard books Fairness: High fairness Books / CA: 10/10 · 0/10
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This is a 'Reward Question' for reading standard texts (Spectrum/NCERT) faithfully. It validates your foundational reading. If you got this wrong, stop reading new materials and revise the 'Social Reform' and 'Peasant Movement' chapters of Spectrum immediately.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Was Mahatma Gandhi the founder or leader of the All India Anti-Untouchability League (Indian anti-untouchability organization)?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi's Harijan Campaign and thoughts on Caste > p. 393
Presence: 5/5
“Determined to undo the divisive intentions of the government's divide and rule policy, Gandhi gave up all his other preoccupations and launched a whirlwind campaign against untouchability—first from jail and then, after his release in August 1933, from outside jail. While in jail, he set up the All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1932 and started the weekly Harijan in January 1933. After his release, he shifted to the Satyagraha Ashram in Wardha as he had vowed in 1930 not to return to Sabarmati Ashram unless swaraj was won. Starting from Wardha, he conducted a Harijan tour of the country in the period from November 1933 to July 1934, covering 20,000 km, collecting money for his newly set up Harijan Sevak Sangh, and propagating removal of untouchability in all its forms.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly reports Gandhi 'set up the All India Anti-Untouchability League' in September 1932.
  • Links this foundation to Gandhi's broader anti-untouchability campaign (launching Harijan, tours, fund-raising), showing organizational leadership.
India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > 3.3 The Limits of Civil Disobedience > p. 43
Presence: 3/5
“Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of swaraj. One such group was the nation's 'untouchables', who from around the 1930s had begun to call themselves dalit or oppressed. For long the Congress had ignored the dalits, for fear of offending the sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus. But Mahatma Gandhi declared that swaraj would not come for a hundred years if untouchability was not eliminated. He called the 'untouchables' harijan,”
Why this source?
  • Describes Gandhi as taking a public leadership role on untouchability by declaring its removal essential for swaraj.
  • Shows Gandhi naming and addressing the community ('Harijan'), indicating his position as a leading advocate for their uplift.
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