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Q75 (IAS/2019) Science & Technology β€Ί ICT, AI, Cybersecurity & Emerging Tech β€Ί Wireless communication technologies Official Key

With reference to communication technologies, what is/are the difference/differences between LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and VoLTE (Voice over Long-Term Evolution)? 1. LTE is commonly marketed as 3G and VOLTE is commonly marketed as advanced 3G. 2. LTE is data-only technology and VOLTE is voice-only technology. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation

The correct answer is option D (Neither 1 nor 2) because both statements are incorrect.

**Statement 1 is incorrect:** LTE is known as a competing 4G network[1], not 3G. While LTE is not technically the same as 4G, its evolution has occurred on 4G networks[2]. Therefore, LTE is commonly marketed as 4G technology, not 3G. Similarly, VoLTE enables voice calls over LTE networks, commonly known as 4G networks[3], so VoLTE is also associated with 4G, not "advanced 3G."

**Statement 2 is incorrect:** LTE is a data-only technology[4], which makes the first part of statement 2 correct. However, VoLTE is not voice-only technology. VoLTE uses IP-based technology to transmit voice calls as data packets over a 4G LTE network[5], and user sessions can include either voice or data or voice over data sessions (VoLTE)[6]. VoLTE enables voice services over the data network but is not exclusively voice-only.

Since both statements contain errors, neither statement is correct.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/mobile-broadband
  2. [6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263224115003991
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full view
Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. With reference to communication technologies, what is/are the difference/differences between LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and VoLTE (Voice o…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 Β· 10/10

This is a classic 'Observation Test' rather than a bookish question. It penalizes aspirants who bury their heads in books but ignore the '4G' icon on their phone status bar. The strategy for S&T is: If a technology is in your pocket, you must know its basic definition and generation (2G vs 3G vs 4G).

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
In communication technologies, is LTE commonly marketed as a 3G technology?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The other competing 4G network is known as Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is built on top of the UMTS style of network but is also a mobile broadband network designed for packet-based transmissions."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies LTE as a 4G network (not 3G).
  • States LTE is built on top of UMTS-style (3G) networks but presents it as a 4G mobile broadband technology.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"In brief, while LTE is not technically _the same_ as 4G, its evolution has occurred on 4G networks."
Why this source?
  • Associates LTE with 4G networks rather than labeling it 3G.
  • Notes that while LTE is not technically identical to 4G, its evolution has occurred on 4G networks (linking LTE to 4G marketing/positioning).
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"LTE functionality builds on some of the underlying 3G technology and functions as an enhancement to 3G."
Why this source?
  • States LTE 'builds on some of the underlying 3G technology' and 'functions as an enhancement to 3G,' indicating technical lineage rather than classifying LTE itself as 3G.
  • Shows LTE is related to 3G technically but framed as an enhancement (not simply marketed as 3G).

Understanding Economic Development. Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: GLOBALISATION AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY > Containers for transport of goods > p. 62
Strength: 4/5
β€œEven more remarkable have been the developments in information and communication technology. In recent times, technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers, Internet has been changing rapidly. Telecommunication facilities (telegraph, telephone including mobile phones, fax) are used to contact one another around the world, to access information instantly, and to communicate from remote areas. This has been facilitated by satellite communication devices. As you would be aware, computers have now entered almost every field of activity. You might have also ventured into the amazing world of internet, where you can obtain and share information on almost anything you want to know.”
Why relevant

Describes rapid and recent changes in telecommunications (telecom, computers, Internet, mobile phones), implying the field uses successive technology generations and frequent upgrades.

How to extend

A student could combine this with a timeline of mobile generations (2G/3G/4G) to check where LTE fits and whether marketing sometimes lags or blurs generation labels.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities > Telecommunications > p. 49
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe use of telecommunications is linked to the development of modern technology. It has revolutionised communications because of the speed with which messages are sent. The time reduced is from weeks to minutes. Besides, the recent advancements like mobile telephony have made communications direct and instantaneous at any time and from anywhere. The telegraph, morse code and telex have almost become things of the past. Radio and television also help to relay news, pictures, and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world and hence they are termed as mass media. They are vital for advertising and entertainment. Newspapers are able to cover events in all corners of the world.”
Why relevant

Explains that recent advancements like mobile telephony have revolutionised communications, suggesting there are distinct technological stages or classifications in mobile tech.

How to extend

Use standard definitions of mobile 'generations' (G) to map named technologies (e.g., GSM, UMTS, LTE) and see if LTE is categorized with 3G or 4G in industry sources and adverts.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > TELECOM SECTOR > p. 462
Strength: 3/5
β€œβ€’ Indian telecom network is second largest in the world in terms of telephone connections (after China). β€’ The mobile industry contributes around 6. 5 per cent to the country's GDP. β€’ As per the 2019-20 annual report of the Department of Telecommunications, GOI: a β€’ India has over 118 crore telephone connections, out of which over 115 crore are wireless telephone connections. β€’ Share of wireless telephones in total telephones is more than 98 per cent.”
Why relevant

Gives scale and importance of wireless telephony in India, indicating a large consumer market where marketing practices (including possibly simplifying tech labels) would matter.

How to extend

Check major Indian operators' historical marketing/consumer materials to see whether LTE was promoted as 3G to consumers unfamiliar with technical generation distinctions.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 68
Strength: 3/5
β€œToday Internet is the largest electronic network on the planet connecting about 1,000 million people in more than 100 countries. Satellites touch human lives in many ways. Every time you use a cell phone to call a friend, send an SMS or watch a popular programme on cable television. You are using satellite communication. Communication through satellites emerged as a new area in communication technology since the 1970s after U.S.A. and former U.S.S.R. pioneered space research. Artificial satellites, now, are successfully deployed in the earth's orbit to connect even the remote corners of the globe with limited onsite verification. These have rendered the unit cost and time of communication invariant in terms of distance.”
Why relevant

Notes how everyday mobile phone use relies on broader communication infrastructure (satellites, networks), implying that users often encounter simplified explanations of complex tech.

How to extend

Investigate consumer-facing explanations in textbooks, ads or operator FAQs to see if complex terms like LTE are simplified into '3G' for lay audiences.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > Communication Sector > p. 432
Strength: 2/5
β€œThe communication service is defined as the transmission of messages, particularly sending and receiving information. Development of satellite communication and mobile technologies gives prominence to this sector.”
Why relevant

Defines the communication service and highlights development of mobile technologies, pointing to a pattern where technological development is a visible, marketable feature of services.

How to extend

Compare how different communication technologies are named in service marketing (e.g., '3G', '4G', 'LTE') to determine whether naming conventions align with technical standards or are used loosely.

Statement 2
In communication technologies, is VoLTE (Voice over LTE) commonly marketed as an "advanced 3G" technology?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"VoLTE, short for "Voice over LTE," is a technology that enables voice calls over LTE networks, commonly known as 4G networks."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies VoLTE as voice over LTE and ties it to LTE/4G networks, not 3G.
  • Describes VoLTE as part of the transition from 2G/3G to IP-based (4G) technologies, contradicting an 'advanced 3G' label.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"VoLTE ... the LTE connection of a cellular network is used to support voice communications. ... it is notably different from traditional voice services which are based on 2G/3G networks"
Why this source?
  • States VoLTE uses the LTE connection to support voice communications (linking it to LTE/4G).
  • Explicitly contrasts VoLTE with traditional voice services based on 2G/3G, indicating it is different from 3G-era voice.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Voice services should be delivered as data flows over [LTE] (Voice over LTE – VoLTE). ... most 4G operators currently adopt Circuit-Switched Fallback (CSFB), which switches 4G users to legacy 3G and accesses the circuit switched voice service in 3G"
Why this source?
  • Describes voice services delivered as data flows over LTE (VoLTE), linking it to 4G data-packet voice.
  • Notes that many operators fallback to legacy 3G circuit-switched voice, implying VoLTE is a separate LTE-based approach rather than 'advanced 3G.'

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities > Telecommunications > p. 49
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe use of telecommunications is linked to the development of modern technology. It has revolutionised communications because of the speed with which messages are sent. The time reduced is from weeks to minutes. Besides, the recent advancements like mobile telephony have made communications direct and instantaneous at any time and from anywhere. The telegraph, morse code and telex have almost become things of the past. Radio and television also help to relay news, pictures, and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world and hence they are termed as mass media. They are vital for advertising and entertainment. Newspapers are able to cover events in all corners of the world.”
Why relevant

Describes recent advancements in mobile telephony as a distinct stage in communications evolution, implying generational shifts in mobile technologies.

How to extend

A student could combine this idea of distinct mobile generations with outside knowledge that LTE is commonly labelled as a later generation than 3G to judge whether VoLTE (an LTE voice service) would fit an "advanced 3G" marketing claim.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > COMMUNICATIONS > p. 67
Strength: 3/5
β€œHuman beings have used different methods long-distance communications of which the telegraph and the telephone were important. The telegraph was instrumental in the colonisation of the American West. During the early and mid-twentieth century, the American Telegraph and Telephone Company (AT&T) enjoyed a monopoly over U.S.A.'s telephone industry. In fact, the telephone became a critical factor in the urbanisation of America. Firms centralised their functioning at cityheadquarters and located their branch offices in smaller towns. Even today, the telephone is the most commonly used mode. In developing countries, the use of cell phones, made possible by satellites, is important for rural connectivity.”
Why relevant

Explains the historical role of telephone and cell phones in development and rural connectivity, highlighting that mobile tech replaces older systems over time.

How to extend

Use this pattern of replacement to assess whether marketing might present VoLTE as an incremental (advanced) step relative to older 3G services.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 68
Strength: 3/5
β€œToday Internet is the largest electronic network on the planet connecting about 1,000 million people in more than 100 countries. Satellites touch human lives in many ways. Every time you use a cell phone to call a friend, send an SMS or watch a popular programme on cable television. You are using satellite communication. Communication through satellites emerged as a new area in communication technology since the 1970s after U.S.A. and former U.S.S.R. pioneered space research. Artificial satellites, now, are successfully deployed in the earth's orbit to connect even the remote corners of the globe with limited onsite verification. These have rendered the unit cost and time of communication invariant in terms of distance.”
Why relevant

Emphasises how satellite and newer communication technologies progressively connect remote areas, illustrating technological progression in communications infrastructure.

How to extend

Combine this notion of progressing technologies with the fact that VoLTE uses newer packet-based networks (LTE) to evaluate if marketers might describe it as beyond 3G.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > Communication Sector > p. 432
Strength: 2/5
β€œThe communication service is defined as the transmission of messages, particularly sending and receiving information. Development of satellite communication and mobile technologies gives prominence to this sector.”
Why relevant

Notes development of mobile technologies giving prominence to the communication sector, signalling that marketing often highlights newer mobile capabilities.

How to extend

A student could infer that vendors/marketers tend to position newer mobile features (like VoLTE) as improvements over prior generations (3G), and then check external marketing materials for the exact phrasing.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Secondary Activities > Concept of High Technology Industry > p. 42
Strength: 2/5
β€œHigh technology, or simply high-tech, is the latest generation of manufacturing activities. It is best understood as the application of intensive research and development (R and D) efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character. Professional (white collar) workers make up a large share of the total workforce. These highly skilled specialists greatly outnumber the actual production (blue collar) workers. Robotics on the assembly line, computer -aided design (CAD) and manufacturing, electronic controls of smelting and refining processes, and the constant development of new chemical and pharmaceutical products are notable examples of a high-tech industry.”
Why relevant

Defines 'high technology' as newer generations of products driven by R&D, indicating that services built on newer standards are often portrayed as advanced.

How to extend

Apply this rule to VoLTE (a service on LTE) to hypothesise marketers might label it as 'advanced' relative to older 3G offerings, then verify with outside marketing examples.

Statement 3
In communication technologies, is LTE a data-only technology (i.e., does LTE not support voice services natively)?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"LTE is a data-only technology that does not require the same level of the network infrastructure as VoLTE."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly labels LTE as a "data-only technology," directly supporting the claim that LTE does not natively provide voice.
  • Implies voice requires a different infrastructure (VoLTE) rather than being a native LTE function.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"user sessions can include either voice or data or voice over data sessions (VoLTE – Voice over LTE)."
Why this source?
  • States that user sessions can include "voice over data sessions (VoLTE)" indicating voice on LTE is delivered as a packet/over-data service rather than a separate native circuit voice service.
  • Shows that voice on LTE is realized via VoLTE (voice over LTE), i.e., voice runs over the data layer.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"VoLTE is an advanced technology in which the LTE connection of a [cellular network] is used to support voice communications."
Why this source?
  • Explains VoLTE uses the LTE connection to support voice communications, reinforcing that voice is provided over LTE's data framework (not a separate native voice channel).
  • Indicates VoLTE is an additional standardized service layered on LTE to enable high-quality voice calls.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities > Telecommunications > p. 49
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe use of telecommunications is linked to the development of modern technology. It has revolutionised communications because of the speed with which messages are sent. The time reduced is from weeks to minutes. Besides, the recent advancements like mobile telephony have made communications direct and instantaneous at any time and from anywhere. The telegraph, morse code and telex have almost become things of the past. Radio and television also help to relay news, pictures, and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world and hence they are termed as mass media. They are vital for advertising and entertainment. Newspapers are able to cover events in all corners of the world.”
Why relevant

States that mobile telephony is a recent advancement that made communications direct and instantaneous, implying mobile systems handle traditional voice.

How to extend

A student could use this pattern to check whether newer mobile generations (like LTE) continued carrying voice or shifted to data-only architectures.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 68
Strength: 4/5
β€œToday Internet is the largest electronic network on the planet connecting about 1,000 million people in more than 100 countries. Satellites touch human lives in many ways. Every time you use a cell phone to call a friend, send an SMS or watch a popular programme on cable television. You are using satellite communication. Communication through satellites emerged as a new area in communication technology since the 1970s after U.S.A. and former U.S.S.R. pioneered space research. Artificial satellites, now, are successfully deployed in the earth's orbit to connect even the remote corners of the globe with limited onsite verification. These have rendered the unit cost and time of communication invariant in terms of distance.”
Why relevant

Gives examples of cell-phone uses (calling a friend, sending SMS) as part of modern communication technologies, linking cellular networks to voice services.

How to extend

One could infer that cellular standards historically carried voice and then examine whether LTE (as a cellular standard) retains native voice capability or relies on packet-based methods.

Understanding Economic Development. Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: GLOBALISATION AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY > Containers for transport of goods > p. 62
Strength: 4/5
β€œInternet also allows us to send instant electronic mail (e-mail) and talk (voice-mail) across the world at negligible costs. Information and communication technology (or IT in short) has played a major role in spreading out production of services across countries. Let us see how. TEXTBOOK PRINTED LIKE THIS? I CAN HARDLY READ THE WORDS IN MY BOOK! NO, MY CHILD! THIS PRINTING PRESS IS NOT FOR ORDINARY INDIANS!”
Why relevant

Notes the Internet enables talking (voice-mail) at negligible cost, highlighting that voice can be carried over packet networks rather than only circuit telephony.

How to extend

A student could combine this with knowledge that LTE is IP-based to hypothesize that LTE might carry voice via IP/VoIP and then look for protocols (e.g., VoIP/IMS) that enable voice on LTE.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > TELECOM SECTOR > p. 462
Strength: 3/5
β€œβ€’ Indian telecom network is second largest in the world in terms of telephone connections (after China). β€’ The mobile industry contributes around 6. 5 per cent to the country's GDP. β€’ As per the 2019-20 annual report of the Department of Telecommunications, GOI: a β€’ India has over 118 crore telephone connections, out of which over 115 crore are wireless telephone connections. β€’ Share of wireless telephones in total telephones is more than 98 per cent.”
Why relevant

Emphasises the dominance of wireless telephone connections in the telecom sector, indicating cellular networks are central to voice service delivery in the country.

How to extend

Using this, a student might check whether operators migrating to LTE preserved voice service capability (natively or via fallback/interoperability) to serve the large voice user base.

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Communication Networks > p. 83
Strength: 3/5
β€œHuman beings have evolved different methods of communication over time. In earlier times, the messages were delivered by beating the drum or hollow tree trunks, giving indications through smoke or fire or with the help of fast runners. Horses, camels, dogs, birds and other animals were also used to send messages. Initially, the means of communication were also the means of transportation. Invention of postoffice, telegraph, printing press, telephone, satellite, etc has made the communication much faster and easier. Development in the field of science and technology has significantly contributed in bringing about revolution in the field of communication. People use different modes of communication to convey the messages.”
Why relevant

Describes the historical evolution of communication methods and technologies, suggesting successive technologies often incorporate earlier functions (e.g., messaging, voice).

How to extend

From this general rule, one could reasonably investigate whether LTE, as a later-generation mobile technology, incorporated or replaced native voice functionality and how (circuit vs packet).

Statement 4
In communication technologies, is VoLTE (Voice over LTE) a voice-only technology (i.e., does VoLTE provide only voice services over LTE)?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"VoLTE, short for "Voice over LTE," is a technology that enables voice calls over LTE networks, commonly known as 4G networks."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly defines VoLTE as enabling voice calls over LTE networks.
  • States VoLTE integrates voice communication into the (IP/data) network instead of requiring separate voice infrastructure, implying it's part of the data plane rather than a voice-only overlay.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Both enable voice to coexist with data traffic, ensuring higher quality and paving the way for future digital communications."
Why this source?
  • Says VoLTE enables voice to coexist with data traffic, showing voice is carried alongside other data services.
  • Frames VoLTE as part of a move to fully IP-based solutions, not as an isolated voice-only service.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"From a technical standpoint, VoLTE uses IP-based technology to transmit voice calls as data packets over a 4G LTE network."
Why this source?
  • Explains VoLTE uses IP-based technology to transmit voice as data packets over LTE.
  • Describes VoLTE providing HD voice over IP, reinforcing that voice is carried as data rather than being a separate, voice-only channel.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > Communication Sector > p. 432
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe communication service is defined as the transmission of messages, particularly sending and receiving information. Development of satellite communication and mobile technologies gives prominence to this sector.”
Why relevant

Defines communication service as 'transmission of messages, particularly sending and receiving information' β€” treating voice as one form of transmitted information, not the only one.

How to extend

A student could combine this with basic knowledge that LTE is a packet/IP-based network to ask whether packet networks carry multiple information types beyond voice.

Understanding Economic Development. Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: GLOBALISATION AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY > Containers for transport of goods > p. 62
Strength: 4/5
β€œInternet also allows us to send instant electronic mail (e-mail) and talk (voice-mail) across the world at negligible costs. Information and communication technology (or IT in short) has played a major role in spreading out production of services across countries. Let us see how. TEXTBOOK PRINTED LIKE THIS? I CAN HARDLY READ THE WORDS IN MY BOOK! NO, MY CHILD! THIS PRINTING PRESS IS NOT FOR ORDINARY INDIANS!”
Why relevant

Mentions internet allowing sending of e‑mail and talking (voice‑mail) at negligible cost β€” showing voice can be delivered over data networks (Internet).

How to extend

Using the fact that LTE provides IP/data connectivity, a student could infer VoLTE might be a voice service implemented over data/IP rather than a separate voice‑only layer.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities > Telecommunications > p. 49
Strength: 3/5
β€œThe use of telecommunications is linked to the development of modern technology. It has revolutionised communications because of the speed with which messages are sent. The time reduced is from weeks to minutes. Besides, the recent advancements like mobile telephony have made communications direct and instantaneous at any time and from anywhere. The telegraph, morse code and telex have almost become things of the past. Radio and television also help to relay news, pictures, and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world and hence they are termed as mass media. They are vital for advertising and entertainment. Newspapers are able to cover events in all corners of the world.”
Why relevant

Notes recent advancements like mobile telephony revolutionised communications and that radio/TV relay news, pictures and telephone calls β€” implying mobile systems support multiple media types, not only voice.

How to extend

A student could combine this with the general idea that newer mobile standards converge services (voice, video, data) to suspect VoLTE could coexist with other services on LTE.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > COMMUNICATIONS > p. 67
Strength: 2/5
β€œHuman beings have used different methods long-distance communications of which the telegraph and the telephone were important. The telegraph was instrumental in the colonisation of the American West. During the early and mid-twentieth century, the American Telegraph and Telephone Company (AT&T) enjoyed a monopoly over U.S.A.'s telephone industry. In fact, the telephone became a critical factor in the urbanisation of America. Firms centralised their functioning at cityheadquarters and located their branch offices in smaller towns. Even today, the telephone is the most commonly used mode. In developing countries, the use of cell phones, made possible by satellites, is important for rural connectivity.”
Why relevant

Describes cell phones and satellites enabling rural connectivity and emphasises the telephone as a commonly used mode among other communication forms.

How to extend

One could use this to reason that mobile networks evolved to carry various communications, prompting inquiry whether VoLTE is limited to voice or leverages the broader mobile data infrastructure.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > TELECOM SECTOR > p. 462
Strength: 3/5
β€œβ€’ Indian telecom network is second largest in the world in terms of telephone connections (after China). β€’ The mobile industry contributes around 6. 5 per cent to the country's GDP. β€’ As per the 2019-20 annual report of the Department of Telecommunications, GOI: a β€’ India has over 118 crore telephone connections, out of which over 115 crore are wireless telephone connections. β€’ Share of wireless telephones in total telephones is more than 98 per cent.”
Why relevant

Gives scale of wireless telephone connections in India (over 115 crore wireless connections) β€” highlighting the dominance of wireless/data-capable devices in telecom.

How to extend

A student might combine this scale with the general trend that modern wireless networks provide data services to infer VoLTE likely operates within a data-centric ecosystem rather than as an isolated voice-only system.

Pattern takeaway: S&T questions often frame 'Common Knowledge' as technical statements. If a statement contradicts your daily user experience (e.g., 'LTE is 3G'), trust your observation over confusion. Also, beware of 'X is only Y' dichotomies in tech; convergence is the norm.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Statement 1 claims LTE is marketed as 3G. Anyone living in India post-2016 (Jio revolution) saw '4G LTE' advertisements everywhere. This contradiction makes it an easy elimination.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Science & Technology > Telecommunications > Evolution of Mobile Generations (1G to 5G).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Switch' moments: 1G (Analog) β†’ 2G (Digital Voice/SMS, GSM/CDMA) β†’ 3G (Packet Data introduced) β†’ 4G LTE (All-IP Network, Circuit Switching removed) β†’ 5G (Low Latency, Massive IoT). Key terms: VoNR (Voice over New Radio), Latency, Network Slicing.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: UPSC loves 'Definition Swaps'. They swapped 4G attributes with 3G labels here. When studying tech, focus on the *primary differentiator* (e.g., LTE = Packet Switching/IP-based) rather than memorizing specs.
Concept hooks from this question
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Mobile telephony as the driver of modern communications
πŸ’‘ The insight

Mobile telephony has transformed how messages are sent and has been a central force in telecommunications development.

High-yield for UPSC because questions often ask about technological change, social impact and infrastructure; links to digital inclusion, rural connectivity and telecom policy. Mastering this helps answer questions on communication-led economic and social change and to evaluate policy measures.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > Communication Sector > p. 432
  • Understanding Economic Development. Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: GLOBALISATION AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY > Containers for transport of goods > p. 62
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities > Telecommunications > p. 49
πŸ”— Anchor: "In communication technologies, is LTE commonly marketed as a 3G technology?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Satellite communication and its role in nationwide connectivity
πŸ’‘ The insight

Satellites enable long-distance and remote-area connectivity for telephony, internet and broadcasting.

Important for questions on national communication networks, disaster management, and bridging digital divides; connects to space policy, rural development and telecom infrastructure planning. Knowledge here helps frame operational and policy solutions for remote connectivity.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 68
  • INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Communication Networks > p. 83
πŸ”— Anchor: "In communication technologies, is LTE commonly marketed as a 3G technology?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Telecom sector as an economic and infrastructure pillar
πŸ’‘ The insight

Telecommunications contributes significantly to GDP and large-scale telephone and wireless penetration shapes economic access.

Useful for answering questions on infrastructure, economic growth and financial inclusion; links telecom statistics to policy outcomes and regulatory challenges. Helps in evaluating schemes for digital inclusion and sectoral policy impacts.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 15: Infrastructure > TELECOM SECTOR > p. 462
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > Existing Challenges for Achieving Financial Inclusion > p. 241
πŸ”— Anchor: "In communication technologies, is LTE commonly marketed as a 3G technology?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Mobile telephony as a transformative communication technology
πŸ’‘ The insight

Mobile telephony made communications direct and instantaneous, creating the context in which newer voice/data services are developed and marketed.

High-yield for UPSC because it links science & technology with social and economic change; helps answer questions on digital inclusion, service-sector growth, and urban–rural connectivity. Mastery enables analysis of policy questions on telecom regulation, consumer impact, and infrastructure expansion.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities > Telecommunications > p. 49
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > COMMUNICATIONS > p. 67
πŸ”— Anchor: "In communication technologies, is VoLTE (Voice over LTE) commonly marketed as an..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Satellite communication as part of telecom infrastructure
πŸ’‘ The insight

Satellites provide essential connectivity for cell calls, SMS and Internet services, supporting the wider mobile ecosystem that new voice technologies rely on.

Important for questions on communication networks, remote connectivity, and national infrastructure; links to space policy, disaster management and rural development. Understanding this aids answers on resilience and reach of telecom services.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 68
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > COMMUNICATIONS > p. 67
πŸ”— Anchor: "In communication technologies, is VoLTE (Voice over LTE) commonly marketed as an..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Telecom equipment manufacturing and high-technology industry
πŸ’‘ The insight

Domestic production of telecom equipment and high-tech R&D enable deployment and adoption of advanced communication services.

Relevant for UPSC themes on industrial policy, Make in India, technology-led growth and employment; connects to trade, manufacturing capacity and technological self-reliance. Useful for questions on economic policy and sectoral development.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Manufacturing of Telecom Equipments > p. 43
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Secondary Activities > Concept of High Technology Industry > p. 42
πŸ”— Anchor: "In communication technologies, is VoLTE (Voice over LTE) commonly marketed as an..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S3
πŸ‘‰ Distinction between voice services and data services in telecom
πŸ’‘ The insight

Knowing whether a technology natively provides circuit-like voice capability versus packet-switched data functionality is central to judging claims that LTE is data-only.

High-yield for UPSC because many questions probe differences between service types (voice vs data) and network design choices; connects telecom technology to policy, regulation and consumer impacts. Mastering this enables candidates to answer questions on service migration, VoIP, and network evolution.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Satellite Communication > p. 68
  • FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities > Telecommunications > p. 49
πŸ”— Anchor: "In communication technologies, is LTE a data-only technology (i.e., does LTE not..."
πŸŒ‘ The Hidden Trap

5G Standalone (SA) vs Non-Standalone (NSA). Just as LTE/VoLTE was the confusion then, the next trap is 5G SA (Pure 5G Core) vs NSA (5G Radio on 4G Core). Also, 'VoNR' (Voice over New Radio) is the 5G equivalent of VoLTE.

⚑ Elimination Cheat Code

The 'Marketing' Reality Check. Statement 1 says LTE is marketed as 3G. Ask: 'Have I ever seen an ad for Superfast 3G LTE?' No. Ads always screamed '4G'. Marketing claims are verifiable by common experience. If the statement contradicts the billboard outside your house, it is false.

πŸ”— Mains Connection

GS3 Internal Security (Cyber Warfare): The shift from Circuit-Switched (2G/3G) to All-IP Networks (LTE/5G) exposes critical telecom infrastructure to IP-based cyber attacks (DDoS, Spoofing), making National Cyber Security Policy crucial.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS Β· 2015 Β· Q32 Relevance score: -1.80

With reference to 'Near Field Communication (NFC) Technology', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is a contactless communication technology that uses electromagnetic radio fields. 2. NFC is designed for use by devices which can be at a distance of even a metre from each other. 3. NFC can use encryption when sending sensitive information. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

IAS Β· 2022 Β· Q66 Relevance score: -1.85

Consider the following communication technologies : 1. Closed-circuit Television 2. Radio Frequency Identification 3. Wireless Local Area Network Which of the above are considered Short-Range devices/technologies ?

IAS Β· 2020 Β· Q69 Relevance score: -2.12

With reference to Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology, which of the following statements are correct ? 1. VLC uses electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths 375 to 780 nm. 2. VLC is known as long-range optical wireless communication. 3. VLC can transmit large amounts of data faster than Bluetooth. 4. VLC has no electromagnetic interference. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

IAS Β· 2016 Β· Q5 Relevance score: -2.97

With reference to 'LiFi', recently in the news, which of the following statements" is/are correct? 1. It uses light as the medium for high-speed data transmission. 2. It is a wireless technology and is several times faster than. 'WiFi'. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

CDS-I Β· 2004 Β· Q56 Relevance score: -3.06

What will be potential difference between points A and B in the following circuit?