Question map
The word 'Denisovan' is sometimes mentioned in media in reference to
Explanation
The Denisovans or Denisova hominins are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during the Middle to Late Pleistocene, approximately 200,000–32,000 years ago.[1] The first identification of a Denisovan individual occurred in 2010, based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) extracted from a juvenile finger bone excavated[2] from Denisova Cave in Siberia. This represents a significant discovery in human evolutionary history, as Denisovans are a distinct early human species, separate from both modern humans and Neanderthals. In 2025, mtDNA and proteomic analysis confirmed that this skull is a Denisovan[3], referring to the Harbin skull from China, which has expanded our understanding of Denisovan morphology beyond the original finger bone fragments.
Option A is incorrect as Denisovans are hominins, not dinosaurs. Option C is incorrect because while the name derives from Denisova Cave where the first fossils were found, that cave is in Siberia, not North-East India. Option D is incorrect as Denisovan refers to a species, not a geological period.
Sources- [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisovan
- [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisovan
- [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisovan
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Term in News' question from the Science & Tech domain. While static history books cover Indian fossils like 'Narmada Man', they miss global breakthroughs. The strategy is to track major evolutionary discoveries in The Hindu's Sunday Science page, specifically those altering the human family tree.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is "Denisovan" the name given to fossils of a kind of dinosaur?
- Statement 2: Is "Denisovan" the name of an early human species?
- Statement 3: Is "Denisovan" the name of a cave system in North-East India?
- Statement 4: Is "Denisovan" the name of a geological period in the history of the Indian subcontinent?
- The passage is the Wikipedia entry for 'Denisovan', which describes identification of Denisovans from human DNA.
- It states Denisovans were identified from a juvenile finger bone, indicating they are hominins (ancient humans), not dinosaurs.
- This National Geographic passage discusses Denisovans in the context of 'other human species' and human evolution.
- It explicitly links a discovered pinkie bone and skull to a human type called a Denisovan, confirming they are ancient humans.
Distinguishes 'hominin' fossils (ancestors of Homo sapiens) as a category of fossil distinct from non‑human animals.
A student could use this to check whether 'Denisovan' appears in literature as a hominin name rather than a reptile/dinosaur name.
Explains the three eras (Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic) and that the Mesozoic featured the rise and reign of reptiles including non‑avian dinosaurs, while the Cenozoic saw the rise of mammals.
A student can compare the time period associated with dinosaurs (Mesozoic) to the time period when hominins/mammals appear (Cenozoic/Pleistocene) to judge if a named fossil fits 'dinosaur'.
States the Mesozoic era is 'the Age of the dinosaurs' and highlights that dinosaurs are a distinct ancient group.
A student could look up when 'Denisovans' (if known) lived and see whether that timing matches the Mesozoic (dinosaurs) or much later periods associated with hominins.
Describes the K‑Pg (Cretaceous–Paleogene) extinction ~66 mya that ended the age of dinosaurs and notes that afterward mammals (including primates) diversified.
A student could use this to reason that any fossil group identified as hominins must post‑date the dinosaur extinction, so a name tied to human ancestry is unlikely to be a dinosaur.
Provides a timeline of major eras/periods and links the extinction of dinosaurs to the Mesozoic/Cretaceous boundary and the subsequent 'Rise of Humans' in the Cenozoic/Quaternary.
A student can map 'Denisovan' (if placed among hominins) onto this timeline to assess whether it could plausibly be a dinosaur name.
- Directly calls Denisovans 'an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human', tying the name to an early human group.
- Notes their time range (Middle to Late Pleistocene), indicating they are an ancient human population.
- Also states that no formal species name has been established, clarifying taxonomic status.
- Shows fossils (a skull from Harbin) were described using a formal species name (H. longi) and then identified as Denisovan.
- Supports that 'Denisovan' corresponds to an identifiable archaic human lineage represented in the fossil record.
- Refers to Denisovans as a distinct lineage with genetic divergence from Neanderthals and humans, implying species-level distinction.
- Notes reclassification of some Late Pleistocene Asian specimens as H. longi (Denisovan), linking the name to a Homo taxon.
States that different species of human ancestors (e.g., Homo erectus) existed during Palaeolithic periods, showing that archaeologists name distinct archaic human species.
Compare the form of the name 'Denisovan' to known species names (Homo erectus) and check whether it fits the pattern of names used for archaic humans.
Explains that multiple hominin species (the earliest migrants like Homo erectus) left Africa and that the study of prehistoric humans recognizes distinct species and migrations.
Use this rule — scientists identify distinct archaic human groups that migrated — to investigate whether 'Denisovan' refers to one such group identified from fossils or genetic data outside Africa.
Gives an explicit example of a named human ancestor species (Homo erectus) in a regional archaeological context, reinforcing that named taxa represent archaic humans in time/place.
A student could map known named archaic humans (like Homo erectus) and then look for whether 'Denisovan' appears in similar palaeoanthropological contexts or regional lists.
Describes how fossils are named (e.g., 'Narmada human') and classified as archaic Homo sapiens, showing the practice of naming and classifying hominin finds.
One could check whether 'Denisovan' is used similarly as a label for particular fossil finds or populations, indicating it is a named archaic human group.
Notes that the Pleistocene included multiple hominid species (e.g., Neanderthals) and extinctions, indicating the period produced several named archaic human groups.
Use knowledge of Pleistocene diversity (Neanderthals as an example) to investigate whether 'Denisovan' is another Pleistocene-era archaic human group.
- Mentions 'Denisova Cave' in the context of Eurasian/Asian palaeoanthropology, indicating the term 'Denisovan' is tied to Denisova Cave rather than a cave in North‑East India.
- Places Denisova Cave within broader Eurasian discussion (Northeast Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia), not North‑East India.
- Describes the first identification of a 'Denisovan' individual (2010) based on DNA from a finger bone, showing 'Denisovan' names an archaic hominin population/individuals rather than a cave in North‑East India.
- Discusses multiple Denisovan specimens and research (e.g., Harbin cranium), linking the term to fossil/hominin remains across Asia rather than to a named cave system in North‑East India.
Shows that prominent Indian caves (Ajanta) are known by specific place names and are described in regional context.
A student could check whether 'Denisovan' fits the pattern of named Indian cave sites (compare spelling/location) using a regional map or site gazetteer.
Describes notable groups of rock‑cut caves at named locations (Ajanta, Ellora, Bagh, Udayagiri), illustrating the common practice of naming cave complexes after local places.
Use this pattern to look up whether any named cave complex in North‑East India is called 'Denisovan' in archaeological lists or state gazetteers.
States that Middle Palaeolithic sites and hominin fossils are associated with named cave/locality sites (e.g., Kurnool, Meralbhavi, Baghor), linking cave names to palaeontological finds.
A student could ask whether 'Denisovan' refers to a hominin or to a locality by comparing whether the name appears in lists of palaeolithic cave sites in India.
Gives examples of named prehistoric sites in North‑East India (Daojali Hading, Sarutaru), showing that archaeological sites in this region have local names rather than the term 'Denisovan'.
Compare regional site‑name patterns in NE India with the name 'Denisovan' to judge if it follows local naming conventions or seems distinct (suggesting a different origin).
- Lists standard geological period names used for the Indian subcontinent (e.g., Triassic, Mesozoic).
- Demonstrates the kind of terminology that denotes geological periods — none of which is 'Denisovan'.
- Refers to a well-known geological period (Jurassic) for an Indian fossil site, showing period names applied to the subcontinent.
- Provides an example of accepted period nomenclature used in Indian geology; 'Denisovan' does not appear as such a period here.
- Uses geological time terms (Late Cretaceous–Paleogene, Middle Eocene) in discussing biotic exchanges involving the Indian subcontinent.
- Shows the conventional geological-period terminology used in scientific discussion — again, 'Denisovan' is not listed as a period.
Shows standard geological period names used in Indian geology (e.g., Palaeozoic and its component periods) and that India sometimes uses local era names (here 'Dravidian Era').
A student could compare the list of established period names with 'Denisovan' to see whether it appears among standard or region-specific geological period names.
Describes major eras/periods (Cenozoic → Tertiary and Quaternary) and their conventional chronology and terminology.
Use a standard geological time scale to check whether 'Denisovan' corresponds to any conventional period/epoch name in the Cenozoic or adjacent intervals.
Explains the Quaternary/Pleistocene terminology as the accepted name for recent deposits and human-related evolution in India.
Compare anthropological/hominin labels to geological period labels (e.g., Pleistocene) to see if 'Denisovan' is used as a period name or as a biological/hominin label within a known period.
Gives an example of India-specific naming for a subinterval ('Aryan period' for Upper Carboniferous), showing that regional names appear but follow the structure of period/subperiod labels.
Check lists of regional geological nomenclature to see whether 'Denisovan' appears as any formally used regional period name analogous to 'Aryan period' or 'Dravidian Era'.
Places major geological events in time (plate movement, Deccan Traps ~60 Ma) and shows how period names are tied to such events.
Assess whether 'Denisovan' is tied to a major geological event or time interval in standard references; if not, it is unlikely to be a geological period name.
- [THE VERDICT]: Sitter for newspaper readers; Bouncer for static-only aspirants. Source: Frequent mentions in The Hindu/Indian Express (2010–2019) regarding ancient DNA and human origins.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Human Evolution & Paleogenomics. The discovery that modern humans interbred with archaic species.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Lost Cousins': Neanderthals (Europe/Asia), Homo floresiensis ('Hobbits', Indonesia), Homo naledi (South Africa), and Homo luzonensis (Philippines). Know Svante Pääbo (Nobel winner for this specific field).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Filter Science news for 'Origins'. If a discovery rewrites the history of the Universe (Gravitational Waves) or Humanity (Denisovans), it is a Tier-1 topic. Ignore minor gadget updates.
Hominins are human ancestors while dinosaurs are Mesozoic reptiles; they belong to entirely different biological groups.
Distinguishing major taxonomic groups and their representatives is high-yield for questions on human evolution and deep-time life. It links paleoanthropology with paleontology and helps eliminate category-errors in source-based and MCQ items.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Hominin and Animal Fossils > p. 3
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 3: Geological Time Scale The Evolution of The Earths Surface > Mesozoic Era (250 mya to 66 mya) > p. 47
Dinosaurs dominated the Mesozoic era, whereas mammals and human ancestors rose in the Cenozoic after the K–Pg extinction.
Mastery of eras and major biotic turnovers allows candidates to place fossils and evolutionary events in correct temporal context, useful for chronology, causation, and environment-type questions in prelims and mains.
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 3: Geological Time Scale The Evolution of The Earths Surface > 3.4. Phanerozoic Eon (550 mya to present) > p. 44
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 3: Geological Time Scale The Evolution of The Earths Surface > Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (Fifth Extinction – 66 mya) > p. 48
Animal and hominin fossils are used to infer past environments and the identity of past life forms, not all fossils are dinosaurs.
Understanding how fossils inform environment and taxonomy is essential for interpreting archaeological and geological passages, and for answering source-based comprehension and general studies questions on landscape and human origins.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Hominin and Animal Fossils > p. 3
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 7: Tectonics > Distribution of Fossils > p. 97
Early hominin taxonomy includes named species such as Homo erectus, Archaic Homo sapiens and Neanderthals, which are the kinds of labels used for 'early human species'.
High-yield for UPSC because questions often ask to identify, compare or sequence early human species; links to human evolution, migration and stone-age cultural phases. Mastering this enables quick elimination in multiple-choice and informed answers in mains and interviews.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Middle Palaeolithic Culture > p. 4
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Hominin and Animal Fossils > p. 3
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 3: Geological Time Scale The Evolution of The Earths Surface > Pleistocene (2.58 mya to 11,700 years ago) > p. 50
The Pleistocene hosted major hominid evolution and extinctions, framing when early human species lived and went extinct.
Important for linking geological time with human evolution, climatic drivers, and faunal extinctions; helps answer questions on chronology, environment-driven migration and prehistoric archaeology.
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 3: Geological Time Scale The Evolution of The Earths Surface > Pleistocene (2.58 mya to 11,700 years ago) > p. 50
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Middle Palaeolithic Culture > p. 4
Indian fossil and archaeological finds (e.g., Pallavaram, Nevasa, Narmada human, Mehrgarh) illustrate how species and cultural phases are identified locally.
Essential for UPSC mains and prelims as regional prehistoric finds are frequently asked; connects archaeology, dating methods and cultural classification, enabling region-specific answers on human antiquity in India.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Lower Palaeolithic Culture > p. 2
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Hominin and Animal Fossils > p. 3
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation > Early Dentistry in the Neolithic Mehrgarh > p. 7
Understanding named cave groups and rock-cut temples helps evaluate claims that a label refers to an Indian cave system.
High-yield for cultural history and architecture questions: knowing major cave groups (Ajanta, Ellora, Udayagiri, etc.) and their locations helps eliminate misattributed names and supports answers on patronage, styles and regional distribution. Links to art, archaeology and ancient polity topics and enables source-based elimination in MCQs and mains answers.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Caves of Vedic Religions > p. 127
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.4Ajanta > p. 128
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Rock-cut and Structural Temples > p. 98
The 'EPAS1' gene variant found in modern Tibetans, which allows them to survive at high altitudes without hypoxia, was inherited directly from Denisovans. This is the 'Next Logical Question'.
Linguistic Morphology Hack: Dinosaur names typically end in '-saurus', '-don', or '-raptor' (Latin/Greek roots). Geological periods usually end in '-cene', '-zoic', or '-ian' (e.g., Pleistocene, Cambrian). 'Denisovan' ends in '-an', which is a common suffix for demonyms (people of a place, e.g., American, Indian, Roman). This linguistic cue points strongly to a human group/tribe.
Biology ↔ Human Geography: The Denisovan legacy (EPAS1 gene) explains human settlement patterns in the Himalayas. This links evolutionary biology to the demographic ability to inhabit high-altitude zones.
SIMILAR QUESTIONS
Consider the following statements 1. Dinosaurs roamed the earth during the Mesozoic era. 2. All Dinosaurus and other reptiles such as Ichthyosaurus and Pterosaurus became extinct due to unknown reasons in Triassic period. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
Consider the following statements 1. Dinosaurs roamed the earth during the Mesozoic era. 2. All Dindsaurus and other reptiles such as Ichthyosaur us and Pterosaurus became extinct due to unknown reasons in Triassic period. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct ?
With reference to "Gucchi" sometimes mentioned in the news, consider the following statements : 1. It is a fungus. 2. It grows in some Himalayan forest areas. 3. It is commercially cultivated in the Himalayan foothills of north-eastern India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
The fossil of Archaeopteryx repre- sents the evidence of origin of—
The word ‘Hindu’ as reference to the people of Hind (India) was first used by