Current set IAS · 2019 Q91

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Q91 (IAS/2019) Science & Technology › ICT, AI, Cybersecurity & Emerging Tech › Virtual and augmented reality Official Key

In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, consider the following statements : 1. In Augmented Reality (AR), a simulated environment is created and the physical world is completely shut out. 2. In Virtual Reality (VR), images generated from a computer are projected onto real-life objects or surroundings. 3. AR allows individuals to be present in the world and improves the experience using the camera of smart-phone or PC. 4. VR closes the world, and transposes an individual, providing complete immersion experience. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result

Your answer: — · Correct: B

Explanation

The correct answer is option B (statements 3 and 4 only).

**Statement 1 is incorrect:** Augmented Reality (AR) enhances the real world by overlaying digital information[1], while VR completely replaces the user's real-world environment with a simulated one[2]. The statement wrongly attributes VR's characteristics to AR.

**Statement 2 is incorrect:** This reverses the definitions. Augmented reality (AR) overlays the computer-generated sensory signals on the real world[3], not VR. VR completely immerses users in a simulated environment, disconnecting them from the physical world[4].

**Statement 3 is correct:** Using augmented reality, users still see and interact with their physical environments while experiencing supplementary digital information overlaid onto their field of vision[5]. Augmented reality (AR) overlays computer-generated images and information onto the real world, typically viewed through the screen of a smartphone, tablet, or AR headset[6].

**Statement 4 is correct:** VR replaces the real-world environment with a simulated environment, where computer simulations influence the user's senses and perception through the production of images, sound and other sensations[7], providing complete immersion by shutting out the physical world.

Sources

[2] https://ppp.worldbank.org/library/virtual-and-augmented-reality-planning-and-design
[3] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20205001683/downloads/20205001683%20Accepted%20Manuscript.pdf
[4] https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/virtual-augmented-reality
[6] https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/virtual-augmented-reality
[7] https://ppp.worldbank.org/library/virtual-and-augmented-reality-planning-and-design

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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN

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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.

Q. In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, consider the following statements : 1. In Augmented Reality (AR), a simulated …

At a glance

Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

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This is a classic 'Definition Swap' trap. The examiner took the definition of VR and labeled it AR (St 1), and vice versa (St 2). It is a fair, high-yield Science & Tech question derived from general awareness of Industry 4.0 and digital trends rather than deep textbook theory.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1: In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, does Augmented Reality (AR) create a fully simulated virtual environment?
Statement 2: In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, does Augmented Reality (AR) completely shut out the physical world?
Statement 3: In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, does Virtual Reality (VR) project computer-generated images onto real-life objects or surroundings?
Statement 4: In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, does Augmented Reality (AR) allow users to remain present in the real world while enhancing their experience?
Statement 5: In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, does Augmented Reality (AR) use smartphone or PC cameras to overlay digital content onto the real-world view?
Statement 6: In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, does Virtual Reality (VR) block out the physical world and provide a completely immersive experience that transports the user into a simulated environment?

Statement 1

In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, does Augmented Reality (AR) create a fully simulated virtual environment?

Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source

Presence: 5/5

"Augmented Reality (AR) enhances the real world by overlaying digital information, while Virtual Reality (VR) immerses users in fully simulated environments,"

Why this source?

Directly contrasts AR and VR, stating AR overlays the real world while VR creates fully simulated environments.
Shows AR does not replace reality but enhances it, implying AR is not a fully simulated virtual environment.

Web source

Presence: 5/5

"Virtual reality (VR) recreates the sensory world around us entirely through computer-generated signals of sight, sound, touch (and in some cases smell and taste). Augmented reality (AR) overlays the computer-generated sensory signals on the real world"

Why this source?

Defines VR as recreating the sensory world entirely through computer-generated signals.
Defines AR as overlaying computer-generated sensory signals on the real world, indicating AR does not fully simulate an environment.

Web source

Presence: 4/5

"Imagine you are looking at the real world, but with extra information or images layered on top. That’s what Augmented Reality (AR) does."

Why this source?

Explains AR as viewing the real world with extra information or images layered on top.
This description emphasizes augmentation of reality rather than creation of a wholly simulated environment.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 7: Indian Economy after 2014 > Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0): Present > p. 232

Strength: 4/5

“With rapid development in the fields of information technology and hardware, the world is about to witness a fourth industrial revolution i.e., Industry 4.0, which is rooted in a new technological phenomenon - digitalization. This digitalization enables us to build a new virtual world from which we can steer the physical world. While Industry 3.0 focussed on the automation of single machines and processes, Industry 4.0 concentrates on the end-to-end digitisation of all physical assets and their integration into digital ecosystems with value chain partners. Driven by the power of big data, high computing capacity, artificial intelligence and analytics, Industry 4.0 aims to completely digitise the manufacturing sector.”

Why relevant

Describes Industry 4.0 as building 'a new virtual world' to steer the physical world — establishes a distinction between creating a fully digital world and linking digital and physical assets.

How to extend

A student could use this to ask whether AR is meant to 'steer the physical world' (overlay/augment) or to replace it entirely (full simulation), and then compare AR's purpose to that description.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 7: Indian Economy after 2014 > Challenges for the Labour Force (Industry 4.0 and Labour 1.0) > p. 233

Strength: 4/5

“The shift in employment caused by adoption of industry 4.0 will be gradual but profound and existing jobs will require to be transformed with the aid of virtual reality and augmented reality. The existing workforce would require large scale re-skilling to adjust to the new reality as there is fundamental incompatibility of Industry 4.0 and our Labour Standards 1.0. There will be a need for massive up skilling as 'digital labour would become integral to most work profiles. At the very core of Industry 4.0 is the fact that lifetime or permanent employment as we know it—that is becoming increasingly rare in even Industry 3.0—will more or less cease to exist with workers.”

Why relevant

Mentions both 'virtual reality' and 'augmented reality' as distinct tools used for re-skilling, implying they are different technologies with different roles.

How to extend

A student could infer that if VR and AR are listed separately, AR may not be identical to VR's fully simulated environments and should be compared to VR features.

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Cyber Space – Internet > p. 68

Strength: 3/5

“Cyberspace is the world of electronic computerised space. It is encompassed by the Internet such as the World Wide Web (www). In simple words, it is the electronic digital world for communicating or accessing information over computer networks without physical movement of the sender and the receiver... It is also referred to as the Internet. Cyberspace exists everywhere. It may be in an office, sailing boat, flying plane and virtually anywhere. The speed at which this electronic network has spread is unprecedented in human history. There were less than 50 million Internet users in 1995, about 400 million in 2000, over two billion in 2010 and about 5.4 billion in 2023.”

Why relevant

Defines 'cyberspace' as an electronic/digital world for communication distinct from the physical, giving a concept of fully digital space.

How to extend

A student can contrast cyberspace (fully digital environment) with AR to judge if AR produces that same fully digital space or instead links digital data to physical locations.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 10: Light: Mirrors and Lenses > Discover, design, and debate > p. 169

Strength: 3/5

“Move objects in the simulation and observe how the image changes.”

Why relevant

Uses the phrase 'Move objects in the simulation', providing a concrete example of simulation as a manipulable, fully virtual model.

How to extend

A student could compare this notion of a standalone simulation (as used in experiments) with entertainment AR which may overlay digital content onto real-world scenes to see if they match.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Factors of Production > Technology: An Enabler of Production > p. 176

Strength: 3/5

“Technology means the application of scientific knowledge. For example, a camera converts light into electrical signals to create a digital image. Any production-related activity uses some form of technology. Some early forms of technology that have existed since ancient times are still in use today. Today, newer and advanced technological developments are applied in various areas, making our lives easier. For example, payments can be made at the click of a button through UPI (Unified Payments Interface); farmers can get advance weather updates; Global Positioning Systems (GPS) can discover the shortest routes for transporting goods, and so on. Fig. 7.19.”

Why relevant

Explains technology converting physical inputs (camera light) into digital images, illustrating how digital representations of the physical are created rather than replacing reality.

How to extend

A student could extend this to AR: if AR uses sensors/cameras to digitize and overlay, it likely augments the physical rather than generating a purely simulated environment.

Statement analysis