With reference to the provisions contained in Part IV of the Constitution of India, which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. They shall be enforceable by courts. 2. They shall not be enforceable by any court. 3. The principles laid down in this part are to influence the making of laws by the State. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Directive Principles are constitutionally non-justiciable and not enforceable by the courts; Article 37 declares them fundamental in governance but not legally enforceable.

High-yield for UPSC: explains the basic legal status of Part IV and distinguishes Directive Principles from Fundamental Rights; connects to questions on constitutional duties, the limits of judicial review, and legislative policy-making. Mastery enables answers on enforceability, the role of Article 37, and state obligations.

Courts cannot directly enforce Directive Principles but may consider them when upholding or interpreting laws that affect Fundamental Rights.

Crucial for doctrinal questions and case-law analyses: helps answer conflict-resolution scenarios, reasonableness tests under Articles 14/19, and instances where legislation is saved because it advances Directive Principles. Useful for essay and polity mains answers on balancing rights and policy goals.

Directive Principles impose a moral and political obligation on the State and rely primarily on public opinion and democratic accountability rather than judicial enforcement.

Important for conceptual and governance questions: explains why Directives were made non-justiciable, their role in policy formation, and their electoral/political enforcement mechanisms. Links to topics on welfare state ideals and legislative responsibility.

Directive Principles in Part IV are constitutionally non-enforceable in courts; Article 37 declares them non-justiciable.

High-yield for constitutional law questions distinguishing Fundamental Rights from Directive Principles; helps answer questions on enforceability, Articles of the Constitution, and the scope of judicial review. Links to topics on constitutional interpretation and the role of Articles 32/226 versus Article 37.

Directive Principles are 'fundamental in governance' and impose a duty on the State to apply them, even though they are not legally enforceable by courts.

Crucial for answering questions on legislative policy-making, constitutional duties of the State, and conflicts between policy directives and enforceable rights; connects to amendment history and balancing socio-economic reforms with Fundamental Rights.

Although non-justiciable as such, courts may consider Directive Principles when assessing constitutionality and have sometimes issued directives to governments in proper cases.

Useful for questions on judicial activism, remedies, and inventive uses of constitutional provisions; explains how courts use Directive Principles in interpretation and occasional enforcement through directions rather than direct justiciability.

Article 37 makes Directive Principles fundamental to governance and imposes on the State a duty to apply them in making laws.

High-yield constitutional provision: mastering Article 37 explains why non-justiciable principles still shape legislation. It links to questions on justiciability, legislative intent and constitutional interpretation, and helps answer essay and mains questions on the State's obligations under Part IV.