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Q69 (IAS/2021) Polity & Governance › Preamble, Union & Territory, Citizenship › Citizenship provisions Official Key

With reference to India, consider the following statements : 1. There is only one citizenship and one domicile. 2. A citizen by birth only can become the Head of State. 3. A foreigner once granted the citizenship cannot be deprived of it under any circumstances. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 1. In India, the Constitution provides for a single citizenship for the entire country, irrespective of the state of residence. Unlike the USA, where there is dual citizenship (National and State), India maintains a unified citizenship to promote fraternity and unity. Regarding domicile, although states can provide certain concessions (like education quotas), there is legally only one domicile for the whole of India as affirmed by the Supreme Court in Pradeep Jain vs. Union of India.

Other statements are incorrect because:

  • Statement 2: In India, both a citizen by birth and a naturalized citizen are eligible for the office of the President (Head of State). This differs from the USA, where only a natural-born citizen can become President.
  • Statement 3: Under the Citizenship Act, 1955, the Central Government can deprive a person of citizenship if it was obtained by fraud, false representation, or if the citizen shows disloyalty to the Constitution.
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. With reference to India, consider the following statements : 1. There is only one citizenship and one domicile. 2. A citizen by birth onl…
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 7.5/10 · 0/10
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This is a textbook 'Laxmikanth Sitter'. If you got this wrong, your static polity foundation is shaky. It combines constitutional theory (single domicile/citizenship) with statutory rules (Citizenship Act 1955). The extreme phrasing in statements 2 and 3 makes them prime candidates for elimination.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
With reference to India, is there only one (national) citizenship for the entire country, with no separate state citizenship?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 7: Citizenship > SINGLE CITIZENSHIP > p. 61
Presence: 5/5
“t SINGLE CITIZENSHIP Though the Indian Constitution is federal and envisages a dual polity (Centre and states), it • provides for only a single citizenship, that is, the Indian citizenship. The citizens in India owe allegiance only to the Union. There is no separate state citizenship. The other federal states like USA and Australia, on the other hand, adopted the system of double citizenship. In USA, each person is not only a citizen of USA but also of the particular state to which he/she belongs. Thus, he/she owes allegiance to both and enjoys dual sets of rights—one set conferred by the national government and another by the state government.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states that although India is federal, the Constitution provides only a single citizenship — Indian citizenship.
  • Affirms citizens owe allegiance only to the Union and that there is no separate state citizenship.
  • Contrasts Indian single citizenship with US/Australian dual (national + state) citizenship, reinforcing the distinction.
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 14: Federal System > 7. Single Citizenship > p. 140
Presence: 5/5
“In spite of a dual polity, the Constitution of India, like that of Canada, adopted the system of single citizenship. There is only Indian Citizenship and no separate state citizenship. All citizens, irrespective of the state in which they are born or reside, enjoy the same rights all over the country. The other federal states, like US and Australia, have dual citizenship, that is, national citizenship as well as state citizenship.”
Why this source?
  • Declares that India adopted the system of single citizenship and that there is only Indian citizenship.
  • States that all citizens, irrespective of state of birth or residence, enjoy the same rights throughout the country.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > p. 64
Presence: 5/5
“But the Indian Constitution, like the Canadian, does not introduce any double citizenship, but single citizenship, viz—the citizenship of India [Article 5], and birth or residence in a particular state does not confer any separate status as a citizen of that State. (ii) As regards officials similarly, the Federal and State Governments in the United States, have their own officials to administer their respective laws and functions. But there is no such division amongst the public No division of public officials in India. The majority of the public servants are services. employed by the States, but they administer both the Union and the State laws as are applicable to their respective States by which they are employed.”
Why this source?
  • Notes the Constitution does not introduce double citizenship but single citizenship (Article 5) — citizenship of India.
  • Specifies that birth or residence in a particular state does not confer any separate status as a citizen of that State.
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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2005 · Q145 Relevance score: 4.46

Consider the following statements : 1. Articles 371 A to 371 I were inserted in the Constitution of India to meet regional demands of Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Goa. 2. Constitutions of India and the United States of America envisage a dual policy (The Union and the States) but a single citizenship. 3. A naturalized citizen of India can never be deprived of his citizenship. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

CDS-II · 2009 · Q78 Relevance score: 3.14

Consider the following statement I. A person who was born on 26th January, 1951 in Rangoon, whose father was a citizen of India by birth at the time of his birth is deemed to be an Indian citizen by descent. II. A person who was born on 1st July, 1988 in Itanagar, whose mother is a citizen of India at the time of his birth but the father was not, is deemed to be a citizen of India by birth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

CDS-II · 2015 · Q88 Relevance score: 2.92

Which of the following statements with regard to citizenship provisions of the Constitution of India is/are correct? 1. No person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of Article 5, or be deemed to be a citizen of India by virtue of Article 6 or Article 8, if he/she has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of any foreign State. 2. The Parliament has power to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

IAS · 2024 · Q62 Relevance score: 2.89

With reference to the Government of India Act, 1935, consider the following statements : 1. It provided for the establishment of an All India Federation based on the union of the British Indian Provinces and Princely States. 2. Defence and Foreign Affairs were kept under the control of the federal legislature. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?