Bollgard I and Bollgard II technologies are mentioned in the context of

Describes Bollgard II as a licensed cotton seed technology sold in seed packets with regulated pricing and royalties.

A student could infer that Bollgard II is deployed via seed distribution (sexual reproduction), which is different from clonal/vegetative propagation methods and so check whether Bollgard traits are present in vegetatively propagated crops.

States that the only commercially allowed GM crop is Bt cotton and treats GM crops as modified plants used in agriculture.

Use this to investigate whether the Bt (Bollgard) trait is primarily associated with seed-propagated cotton versus being introduced into clones of vegetatively propagated crops.

Explains vegetative (asexual) propagation produces plants genetically similar to the parent and lists crops commonly propagated this way (banana, rose, grapes).

A student could check whether crops typically clonally propagated (e.g., banana) are the target crops for Bollgard technologies or whether Bollgard is used mainly in seed-propagated cotton.

Summarises that roots, stems and leaves can develop into new plants by vegetative propagation — an asexual method distinct from seed-based propagation.

Combine this with the seed-focused description of Bollgard (evidence 1) to assess whether Bollgard traits would be introduced via clonal propagation or via seed breeding.

Gives an example of a crop (sisal) that 'rarely set seeds' and is propagated asexually (bulbils, suckers), illustrating practical cases where clonal propagation is used.

A student could use this to ask whether Bollgard-like GM traits have been developed for such asexually propagated crops or are primarily in seed-propagated cotton.

Mentions 'Bollgard II cotton seed technology' licensed by Monsanto Mahyco and that >90% of cotton grown in India used this technology, linking the Bollgard name with a seed/trait technology in cotton.

A student could combine this with the general fact that commercially licensed seed technologies from firms like Monsanto are usually transgenic traits (e.g., Bt) to infer Bollgard II is a GM trait used in cotton breeding.

States that the only GM crop allowed commercially in India (since 2002) is Bt cotton and that GEAC regulates GM crops, establishing a connection between cotton and GM technology in the provided sources.

A student can use this to reason that a named cotton seed technology (Bollgard II) is likely part of the Bt cotton GM adoption mentioned here.

Gives a clear definition of 'Genetically modified crops' as plants whose DNA has been modified using genetic engineering techniques.

Using this definition, a student can classify any named seed technology (like 'Bollgard') associated with cotton as GM if external sources confirm it involves DNA-level modification.

Explains that genetic modification involves inserting foreign genes (transgenes) into a plant, describing the typical mechanism behind commercial biotech traits.

A student could apply this mechanism to assess whether a commercial trait called Bollgard I/II fits the transgene pattern once trait function (e.g., pest resistance) is known.

Specifically identifies Bollgard II as a patented cotton seed technology licensed for Bt cotton cultivation (royalty, pricing, adoption).

A student can use this to infer Bollgard is an insect-resistance/seed trait technology for cotton rather than a system described as producing hormones or growth substances, and check external sources on Bollgard's mode (Bt toxin) vs. growth-hormone production.

Discusses GM crops (e.g., Bt brinjal, GM mustard) in the context of higher yields, pest resistance and regulatory review, showing common GM crop goals.

One can generalize that many commercial GM traits target pest resistance or yield traits, so compare Bollgard's documented trait objectives with known plant growth substance production to assess plausibility.

Defines plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid) and their specific roles in promoting or inhibiting growth.

Use this to clarify what 'production of plant growth substances' would mean (e.g., engineered synthesis of auxins/gibberellins), then check whether Bollgard technologies are described as modifying such hormone pathways versus expressing Bt toxin.

Lists objectives of protected cultivation including production of 'genetically better' transplants and creating favorable environments for growth.

A student could contrast the goal of protected/genetic improvement with the specific Bollgard objective (seen in other snippets) to judge whether Bollgard fits the 'growth substance production' category.

Describes Bollgard II as a patented cotton seed technology licensed to seed companies and widely used in cotton production.

A student could contrast this seed/trait licensing context with the typical origins and use-cases of biofertilizers to judge whether Bollgard is likely a biofertilizer technology.

Gives a clear definition of biofertilizers as preparations containing live or latent microbial strains used to increase nutrient-availability to plants.

By comparing this definition with the nature of Bollgard (a seed/trait technology from evidence 1), a student can assess whether Bollgard fits the microbial inoculant description.

States that Krishi Vigyan Kendras produce and supply biofertilizers as critical inputs to farmers, indicating the institutional and product context for biofertilizers.

A student could check whether Bollgard technologies are listed among such KVK-produced inputs (they are presented as seed/trait technologies in evidence 1) to test whether Bollgard aligns with typical biofertilizer products.

Places biofertilizers within Integrated Nutrient Management as part of a system that replenishes soil nutrients alongside organic and inorganic inputs.

A student could use this functional role (nutrient management) to see if Bollgard technologies serve the same nutrient-enhancing microbial role or a different purpose such as pest resistance.