Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding vegetative propagation of plants? 1. Vegetative propagation produces clonal population. 2. Vegetative propagation helps in eliminating the virus. 3. Vegetative propagation can be practiced most of the year. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

References define vegetative propagation as reproduction using plant parts (root/stem/leaf) and label it asexual, linking the process to single-parent reproduction.

High-yield basic biology: distinctions between sexual and asexual reproduction are frequently tested and underpin questions on inheritance, crop propagation and breeding. Master via NCERT examples and contrast with sexual reproduction to answer definition and implication questions.

Evidence explicitly says vegetatively propagated plants are 'genetically similar enough' to the parent and notes generation from a single individual.

Important for questions on genetics, variation and agricultural practices (why clones retain traits or why variation is limited). Learn the NCERT phrasing, implications for breeding and exceptions (role of mutation) to handle applied and conceptual UPSC questions.

Reference notes vegetatively reproducing plants (rhizomes, corms, bulbs) produce offspring adjacent to parents, limiting migration and dispersal.

Useful for linkage questions across ecology and reproduction—explains population spread, conservation and invasive potential. Helps answer integrated questions on biodiversity, migration and agricultural planting strategies; study examples and ecological consequences.

Reference [7] links tissue culture (a vegetative propagation method) to producing plants in 'disease‑free conditions', directly relevant to removing pathogens from propagated material.

High-yield for questions on plant propagation, crop protection, and biotechnology: explains a lab technique that can produce pathogen-free clones. Connects to topics on asexual reproduction, agricultural practices and plant pathology. Prepare by understanding steps of meristem/tissue culture, its uses and limitations.

References [1] and [4] describe vegetative propagation methods and the production of genetically similar plants, which frames how pathogens present in parent tissues may be transmitted or managed.

Important for UPSC questions on agricultural practices and crop improvement: shows why vegetative propagation is used (rapid, identical offspring) and the implications for disease spread or containment. Study method types (cutting, grafting, layering, tissue culture) and policy/production implications.

Reference [8] establishes that viruses infect plants and multiply inside cells; reference [9] on vascular tissue transport is relevant to systemic spread within plants.

Key for linking plant pathology to propagation techniques: knowing that viruses are intracellular and can move systemically explains why some propagation methods risk transferring infections. Useful for questions on biosecurity, crop disease management and technology adoption; revise basic virus biology and plant vascular transport.

References define vegetative propagation and list methods/uses (e.g., layering, grafting) and examples (banana, rose, sugarcane), which is the core phenomenon under question.

High-yield for UPSC topics on crop husbandry and horticulture — understanding what vegetative propagation is, common methods and why it is used (earlier bearing, clonality, seedless crops) helps answer diverse questions on nursery practice, crop improvement and commercial horticulture. Prepare by learning method→purpose→examples and linking to economic uses.