Question map
Gandikota canyon of South India was created by which one of the following rivers ?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 3: Pennar.
The Gandikota canyon, famously known as the Grand Canyon of India, is located in the Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. It was formed by the Pennar River cutting through the Erramala hills of the Eastern Ghats over centuries. This natural gorge is characterized by massive, tiered formations of red sandstone, which the river has sculpted into a deep valley.
- Pennar (Option 3): It is the primary river responsible for the erosion and geological formation of this specific canyon near the Gandikota Fort.
- Cauvery (Option 1): Flows further south through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, forming waterfalls like Shivanasamudra but not the Gandikota canyon.
- Manjira (Option 2): A tributary of the Godavari, it flows primarily through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana.
- Tungabhadra (Option 4): A major tributary of the Krishna River, known for its rocky terrain in Hampi, but it does not traverse the Gandikota region.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis question is a classic 'Book + News' hybrid. While Majid Husain (p.21) explicitly states the Pennar flows through a 'gorge of Cuddapah quartzite', the specific name 'Gandikota' became famous via tourism news ('Grand Canyon of India'). It rewards mapping physical features over rote memorization of tributaries.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Did the Cauvery River form the Gandikota canyon of South India?
- Statement 2: Did the Manjira River form the Gandikota canyon of South India?
- Statement 3: Did the Pennar (Penna) River form the Gandikota canyon of South India?
- Statement 4: Did the Tungabhadra River form the Gandikota canyon of South India?
- Directly names the river responsible for carving Gandikota as the Penna River.
- States that the Penna River 'carved' the canyon through ancient rock formations, which attributes canyon formation to Penna rather than Cauvery.
- Explicitly says the 'river Pennar cuts through the Erramala hills, forming a gorge' called the Grand Canyon of India.
- Identifies the Pennar (Penna) as the agent forming the gorge at Gandikota, contradicting attribution to the Cauvery.
- States that 'Over time, the Pennar River carved the pink granite rock of Erramala Hills and formed Gandikota Canyon.'
- Provides a clear, journalistic attribution of the canyon's formation to the Pennar River rather than the Cauvery.
Describes the Kaveri (Cauvery) as rising on the Mysore Plateau as a rocky mountain stream forming rapids, cataracts and waterfalls.
A student could use this to infer that the Cauvery has the energetic flow and bedrock erosive potential to carve deep features and then check maps to see if its course passes Gandikota.
States that Cauvery is a consequent peninsular river descending from the Western Ghats and flowing east to the Bay of Bengal (i.e., its general direction and origin).
Combine with a map to verify whether the river’s downstream path goes through the Gandikota area where a canyon might be located.
Gives an example (Narmada) of a river forming a picturesque gorge in hard rock while flowing in a rift valley, showing rivers can form prominent gorges under suitable structural/geologic settings.
A student could compare the geologic/structural setting of Gandikota (rift valley vs plateau river) to see if the Narmada-like mechanism applies to the Cauvery there.
Notes that rivers on steep slopes (western Ghats) carve narrow valleys with steep gradients, cataracts and waterfalls—demonstrating the general ability of peninsular rivers to incise bedrock.
Use this pattern plus local topography around Gandikota to judge whether incision by Cauvery could plausibly create a canyon at that location.
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This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.
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