Gandikota canyon of South India was created by which one of the following rivers ?

Describes the Kaveri (Cauvery) as rising on the Mysore Plateau as a rocky mountain stream forming rapids, cataracts and waterfalls.

A student could use this to infer that the Cauvery has the energetic flow and bedrock erosive potential to carve deep features and then check maps to see if its course passes Gandikota.

States that Cauvery is a consequent peninsular river descending from the Western Ghats and flowing east to the Bay of Bengal (i.e., its general direction and origin).

Combine with a map to verify whether the river’s downstream path goes through the Gandikota area where a canyon might be located.

Gives an example (Narmada) of a river forming a picturesque gorge in hard rock while flowing in a rift valley, showing rivers can form prominent gorges under suitable structural/geologic settings.

A student could compare the geologic/structural setting of Gandikota (rift valley vs plateau river) to see if the Narmada-like mechanism applies to the Cauvery there.

Notes that rivers on steep slopes (western Ghats) carve narrow valleys with steep gradients, cataracts and waterfalls—demonstrating the general ability of peninsular rivers to incise bedrock.

Use this pattern plus local topography around Gandikota to judge whether incision by Cauvery could plausibly create a canyon at that location.

Identifies the Manjira as an important right‑bank tributary of the Godavari, establishing which larger river system Manjira belongs to.

A student can check maps to see whether the Manjira’s course and watershed are spatially located at/near Gandikota (i.e., whether the Manjira flows through that canyon area) or lie elsewhere in the Godavari basin.

Notes the Manjra/Manjira as a principal tributary of the Godavari and that the Godavari forms a picturesque gorge in its lower reaches, providing an example that peninsular rivers/tributaries can create gorges.

Compare the geographic location of the Godavari gorge mentioned with Gandikota on a map to see if they are the same feature or if Gandikota is formed by a different river.

Explains the geomorphic rule that rivers that are antecedent to mountain uplift can carve deep gorges across ranges — a general mechanism by which canyons/gorges form.

Use geological/topographic maps of the Gandikota area to test whether the canyon has features of an antecedent gorge and whether the Manjira’s course could produce such a gorge given local relief and rock structure.

States the broad pattern that most major peninsular rivers flow east from the Western Ghats and drain into the Bay of Bengal, framing expectations of river directions in South India.

A student can use this rule plus a map to see if Manjira’s flow direction and location match Gandikota’s east‑flowing canyon location or whether another east‑flowing river (e.g., the Penna/Krishna/Godavari) is a better candidate.

Points out that many large peninsular rivers originate in the Western Ghats and drain eastwards — a reminder to check river sources and courses when attributing canyon formation.

Verify which river actually passes Gandikota by checking the origin and course of regional rivers against the canyon’s coordinates to eliminate or support Manjira as the canyon‑forming river.

States the Pennar rises in Kolar (South Mysore Plateau) and 'flows through a gorge of Cuddapah quartzite', linking Pennar to gorge/canyon-forming rock and terrain.

A student could check a map/atlas or local place names to see whether Gandikota lies on the Pennar's gorge in the Cuddapah (Kadapa) quartzite belt.

Lists Pennar among major peninsular river basins, confirming it is a distinct river system in southern India that could carve significant landforms.

Compare the Pennar basin extent on a river-basin map with the location of Gandikota to assess whether the canyon falls inside the Pennar basin.

Gives the general pattern that many peninsular rivers in South India flow eastwards to the Bay of Bengal, providing expected direction of Pennar's course.

Use the eastward flow rule with a map to follow the Pennar's downstream path from its source toward the Bay of Bengal and see if it passes Gandikota.

Notes that large rivers on the Peninsular plateau have origins in the Western Ghats and flow east; it's relevant as contextual geography of southern rivers including smaller systems like Pennar.

Place Pennar within this peninsular drainage framework on a map to judge if its course and source-region make it a plausible agent for carving Gandikota canyon.

Describes the Deccan/peninsular plateau and regional slopes that determine river flow directions and where rivers carve valleys or gorges.

Combine this plateau slope information with a topographic map around Gandikota to determine if Pennar's gradient and setting are sufficient to form a canyon there.

States that the Tungabhadra is an important tributary of the Krishna and that the Krishna flows through gorges (e.g., in Srisailam Hills), showing peninsular rivers and their tributaries can carve gorges.

A student could locate Gandikota and trace whether Tungabhadra (as a Krishna tributary) flows at that location on a map to see if it could have formed the canyon.

Lists the Tungabhadra explicitly among the Krishna's tributaries, confirming the river's regional identity and relevance to South Indian canyon-forming drainage.

Use a regional map to follow the Tungabhadra's course relative to Gandikota to assess plausibility.

Gives an example (Narmada) of a peninsular river forming a 'picturesque gorge' in hard rock, demonstrating that rivers in peninsular India do form canyons/gorges.

Apply the general rule that rivers can cut gorges in resistant rock to evaluate whether Tungabhadra could similarly have formed Gandikota, using local geology/maps.

Explains that major peninsular rivers originate in the Western Ghats and flow east, implying regional drainage patterns that control where gorges/canyons may form.

Compare the origin and eastward course pattern with the Tungabhadra's course on a map to judge if its trajectory passes Gandikota.

Contains a multiple-choice context listing Tungabhadra among rivers in a question about rivers flowing through a rift valley, indicating educational association of rivers with valley/gorge formation (though not asserting Tungabhadra does so).

Use caution: check geological maps to verify whether Gandikota is a rift-related gorge and whether Tungabhadra occupies such a valley.