Consider the following pairs : Country Important reason for being in the news recently 1. Chad - Setting up of permanent military base by China 2. Guinea - Suspension of Constitution and Government by military 3. Lebanon - Severe and prolonged economic depression 4. Tunisia - Suspension of Parliament by President How many pairs given above are correctly matched ?

Defines 'martial law' as military rule that implies suspension of ordinary law and the government by military authorities.

A student could check whether Guinea's military used language such as 'martial law' or announced military rule — if so, that would suggest suspension of the constitution/government.

Explains that during a Proclamation of Emergency fundamental rights and constitutional limits can be suspended, illustrating how legal orders can remove normal constitutional constraints.

Compare any Guinean military proclamation to an emergency proclamation — if it explicitly suspends constitutional provisions or rights, this supports the claim.

Describes Article 356 (President's rule) causing takeover of a state government and suspension/dissolution of the assembly — an example of constitutional takeover by another authority.

Use this pattern to look for whether Guinea's military announced dismissal/dissolution of government bodies or assemblies, which would parallel suspension of constitutional governance.

Provides historical examples where military takeovers in neighbouring countries resulted in removal of civilian governments and constitutional changes.

A student can treat such precedents as models: check news on Guinea for statements about removal of civilian leaders or constitutional amendment/suspension following the coup.

Gives another example (Bangladesh) where a military uprising led to abolition or alteration of constitutional arrangements and one-party/presidential changes.

Compare Guinea's reported actions to these historical patterns—if the military in Guinea declared abolition/suspension of the constitution or replaced institutions, it would fit these precedents.

Gives a clear definition: a 'severe and protracted recession' is called a depression and contrasts typical recession duration vs depression.

A student could use this rule to check recent Lebanese GDP, duration of decline, and whether contractions have lasted beyond typical recession lengths to judge if 'depression' fits.

States that rising unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy and lists social consequences of sustained unemployment.

Compare Lebanon's recent unemployment statistics and social indicators (poverty, school withdrawal, health) against this pattern to infer severity.

Describes cyclical unemployment arising from recession/depression and links business downturns to increased unemployment.

A student can check whether Lebanon's unemployment trends align with prolonged cyclical unemployment consistent with a depression.

Lists Lebanon among South‑West Asia countries with high internal displacement and migration pressures, a context often correlated with economic and political distress.

Combine knowledge of displacement/migration flows with economic indicators (remittances, labor market stress) to assess whether displacement reflects prolonged economic crisis in Lebanon.

Identifies Lebanon as a country facing environmental stresses (desertification), which can exacerbate economic hardship in affected regions.

A student could factor environmental degradation into analyses of Lebanon's economic resilience and whether such structural stresses contribute to a prolonged downturn.

States that a President may make regulations and legislate for a territory when its assembly is suspended or dissolved — shows a pattern where presidential authority increases when a legislature is suspended.

A student could compare this pattern to Tunisia's constitution or recent news to see if Tunisia's president similarly gains powers when parliament is suspended.

Repeats the rule that the President can legislate for a territory only when the assembly is suspended or dissolved — identifies suspension/dissolution as a formal constitutional condition.

Use this as a template to check whether Tunisia's legal framework includes explicit suspension/dissolution procedures and whether those were invoked recently.

Describes 'President's Rule' where a legislature is suspended/dissolved and the executive (on behalf of President) takes over administration — shows a constitutional mechanism linking suspension to central executive takeover.

A student could look for analogous mechanisms in Tunisia (e.g., emergency or extraordinary powers) and then search recent timelines/news to see if they were used.

Again explains consequences when a state legislature is suspended/dissolved and laws continue to operate under presidential/central authority — highlights legal continuity issues after suspension.

Compare this continuity principle to reports from Tunisia to determine whether, if parliament were suspended, laws and executive decrees continued or changed.

Notes discretionary powers of a President (e.g., withholding assent) — indicates presidents can take unilateral actions affecting legislature-business, though not suspension.

Use as a reminder to distinguish between veto/discretionary acts and full suspension; check whether Tunisia's president has discretionary tools or has used extraordinary steps against parliament.