Question map
With reference to India's projects on connectivity, consider the following statements : 1. East-West Corridor under Golden Quadrilateral Project connects Dibrugarh and Surat. 2. Trilateral Highway connects Moreh in Manipur and Chiang Mai in Thailand via Myanmar. 3. Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor connects Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh with Kunming in China. How many of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 4 (None) because all three statements are factually incorrect regarding the geographical terminals of India's connectivity projects.
- Statement 1 is incorrect: The East-West Corridor, part of the National Highways Development Project (not the Golden Quadrilateral itself, which connects the four metros), connects Silchar in Assam to Porbandar in Gujarat, not Dibrugarh and Surat.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway connects Moreh (India) to Mae Sot (Thailand) via Myanmar. Chiang Mai is not the designated terminal point.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: The BCIM Economic Corridor is proposed to connect Kolkata (West Bengal) with Kunming in China, passing through Bangladesh and Myanmar. Varanasi is not a terminal or a primary node of this international corridor.
Since none of the statements accurately describe the project routes, Option 4 is the right choice.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question is a precision test on 'Terminals and Project Structures'. It blends static NCERT geography (NHDP phases) with standard International Relations connectivity projects. The difficulty lies not in knowing the projects exist, but in recalling their exact starting and ending cities, which UPSC deliberately swaps to trap superficial readers.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: In the context of India's projects on connectivity, is the East–West Corridor part of the Golden Quadrilateral project?
- Statement 2: In the context of India's projects on connectivity, does the East–West Corridor connect Dibrugarh and Surat?
- Statement 3: In the context of India's projects on connectivity, does the India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway connect Moreh in Manipur with Chiang Mai in Thailand via Myanmar?
- Statement 4: In the context of India's projects on connectivity, does the Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor connect Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh with Kunming in China?
- Explicitly names the East-West Corridor and immediately labels it as part of the Golden Quadrilateral project.
- Provides this statement within a study of Indian connectivity corridors, directly linking EWC to GQ.
- States that the East-West Corridor is one of the GQ projects.
- Gives additional context by describing its route (connects Assam with Gujarat), reinforcing it is part of the Golden Quadrilateral programme.
- Repeats the identification of the East-West Corridor as part of the Golden Quadrilateral project in the study's list of corridors.
- Used in the same report to categorize EWC alongside other national/regional corridors, confirming its status under GQ.
Defines the National Highways Development Project phases: Phase I is the Golden Quadrilateral (connecting the four metros) while other components exist separately.
A student can infer that since GQ is explicitly Phase I and described separately, other named corridors (like East–West) are likely distinct phases/projects to check.
Explicitly lists Phase II components as the North–South Corridor and the East–West Corridor, implying they are Phase II and not part of the Phase I Golden Quadrilateral.
Combine with knowledge that project phases are distinct to conclude East–West is a different component from GQ and verify by comparing phase descriptions.
Separately describes Golden Quadrilateral (route and length) and then describes North–South and East–West Corridors with their own routes and lengths.
Use the separate route descriptions to map both projects; if their routes do not coincide with GQ sides, that supports they are distinct projects.
Groups Golden Quadrilateral and North–South & East–West Corridors together as distinct entities expected to carry most freight under Bharatmala, implying separate identities.
A student could note the parallel listing (GQ vs NS‑EW) and use basic project naming/organizational logic to treat them as separate elements to verify.
Repeats that Bharatmala's economic corridors will work along with Golden Quadrilateral and North–South & East–West Corridors, again treating them as separate corridor categories.
Combine this repeated separation with a map: if East–West corridor runs interior routes unlike the GQ ring linking metros, it supports they are not the same project.
States the East–West Corridor (road) is planned to connect Silchar in Assam with Porbandar in Gujarat (3,640 km).
A student can check a map to see whether Dibrugarh (Assam) and Surat (Gujarat) lie on the Silchar–Porbandar line or are off that axis to judge if they are directly connected by this corridor.
Repeats the definition: East–West Corridor aims to connect Silchar (Assam) to Porbandar (Gujarat).
Combine this defined endpoints info with locations of Dibrugarh and Surat (using a map) to infer whether those cities are endpoints or intermediate points on that corridor.
Shows the label 'East–West' can refer to a different project (East–West Dedicated Freight Corridor from Kolkata to Mumbai), indicating name ambiguity across projects.
A student should verify which 'East–West' project is being asked about (road corridor vs rail DFC) before assuming connectivity between two cities.
Explains that NS–EW corridors (with Golden Quadrilateral) form specific long-distance trunk routes expected to carry major freight traffic.
Use this pattern (corridors connect major trunk endpoints) to check whether Dibrugarh and Surat are major trunk endpoints or likely to be on such a corridor by comparing their geographic positions.
- Explicitly names the Thai terminus as Mae Sot, not Chiang Mai.
- States the highway connects Moreh (India) with Mae Sot (Thailand) via Myanmar, directly addressing the route endpoints and transit country.
- Clearly describes the project as designed to connect Moreh (Manipur, India) to Mae Sot (Tak Province, Thailand) via Myanmar.
- Specifies the two border crossings (India–Myanmar and Myanmar–Thailand), confirming the route passes through Myanmar to reach Mae Sot.
- Reiterates that the highway 'links Moreh (in India) with Mae Sot (in Thailand) through Bagan (in Myanmar)'.
- Provides the alignment through Myanmar towns, supporting that the Thai endpoint is Mae Sot rather than Chiang Mai.
Describes a cross-border corridor route through Myanmar nodal points (Mandalay, Lashio, Kalewa) and mentions Imphal (Manipur) as on the route, showing patterns of links between Manipur and interior Myanmar.
A student could use a map to locate Imphal and Moreh (Manipur border town) and trace likely overland connections through the named Myanmar towns toward northern/central Myanmar to assess whether a highway could continue toward Thailand.
States that 'a pass joins Imphal (Manipur) with Mandalay (Myanmar)', giving a clear example of an established land connection between Manipur and a major Myanmar city.
Locate Mandalay on a map and follow roads southeast into Myanmar and east/south toward Thailand to judge whether a route from Moreh could be continued toward Chiang Mai via Myanmar.
Notes geographic continuity of mountain offshoots along the India–Myanmar boundary through Manipur, indicating feasible north–south land corridors in that region.
Combine this terrain pattern with road-network maps to see likely passes/corridors linking Moreh/Manipur into Myanmar for onward travel toward Thailand.
Defines the Indo‑Burma region as including north-eastern India, Myanmar and Thailand, implying a regional grouping where cross-border connectivity projects (like trilateral highways) are regionally coherent.
Use the regional scope to reason that a trilateral highway among India, Myanmar and Thailand would plausibly traverse Myanmar between NE India (Moreh/Imphal area) and northern Thailand (Chiang Mai).
Notes the North-East shares boundaries with Myanmar and 'serves as India's gateway to South East Asia', highlighting strategic intent to connect NE India with Southeast Asia.
A student could pair this strategic role with a map to evaluate if a highway from Moreh (gateway point on India–Myanmar border) could be part of a route reaching Chiang Mai in Thailand via Myanmar.
- Explicitly names the Indian endpoint of the BCIM-EC as Kolkata and the Chinese endpoint as Kunming, indicating the corridor connects Kolkata — not Varanasi — with Kunming.
- States the route passes through Bangladesh and Myanmar, describing the BCIM-EC alignment used in connectivity discussions.
- Also specifies that the BCIM-EC includes Kolkata in India and then passes through Myanmar via Bangladesh to Kunming, reinforcing the Kolkata–Kunming routing.
- Provides the same endpoint pairing (Kolkata–Kunming), supporting the conclusion that Varanasi is not identified as the corridor's Indian endpoint in these sources.
Describes a Kolkata–Kunming project that explicitly aims to connect Kolkata (India) with Kunming (China).
A student can note that Kunming linkage is associated with Kolkata rather than Varanasi and check whether BCIM/related corridors use Kolkata as the Indian terminus.
Gives the proposed route of the Kolkata–Kunming corridor through Imphal and Silchar, crossing Bangladesh via Sylhet and Dhaka to reach Kolkata.
Use this route pattern to infer that the corridor approaches eastern India (Kolkata/Silchar) rather than central Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi), so Varanasi is unlikely to be on this alignment.
Lists the Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Corridor (BCIM) as a named component within China's OBOR/BRI initiatives.
Combine this naming with route descriptions (e.g., Kolkata–Kunming) to see whether BCIM is identified with the Kolkata–Kunming alignment or with a different India terminus such as Varanasi.
Notes national highway projects and that Silchar in Assam is a node in East–West/National connectivity plans.
Use Silchar's prominence as a northeastern node to support the idea that eastern corridors (through Silchar/Kolkata) are used for China–India–Myanmar links rather than routes via Uttar Pradesh.
Explains the strategic significance of the Northeast as India's gateway to Southeast Asia and mentions the small Siliguri Corridor link to the rest of India.
A student can combine this geographic fact with corridor routes that pass through the Northeast to assess whether a corridor to Kunming would plausibly route via Varanasi or via northeastern states toward Kolkata.
- [THE VERDICT]: Trap-laden Sitter. Statement 1 is directly from NCERT Class XII (Transport). Statements 2 & 3 are standard IR/Current Affairs basics found in any yearly compilation.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Infrastructure & Connectivity (Syllabus: Transport / India & Neighborhood Relations).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Terminal Table': 1) North-South Corridor: Srinagar to Kanyakumari. 2) East-West Corridor: Silchar to Porbandar. 3) Kaladan Multi-Modal: Kolkata to Sittwe to Paletwa to Zorinpui. 4) INSTC: Mumbai to Bandar Abbas to Moscow. 5) BBIN: Bhutan-Bangladesh-India-Nepal (Motor Vehicles Agreement).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When reading about a corridor, never just read 'India to Thailand'. Always memorize the specific nodes: 'Moreh (Manipur) to Mae Sot (Thailand)'. UPSC creates traps by swapping the obscure border town (Mae Sot/Porbandar) with a famous tourist/trade city (Chiang Mai/Surat).
Golden Quadrilateral is implemented as Phase I of NHDP while the North–South and East–West corridors are planned as Phase II components.
High-yield for questions on national road development: it clarifies the distinct phase-wise structure of NHDP, helps differentiate large flagship corridors, and links to further policy changes like subsuming projects under new programmes. Mastery enables clear answers on scheme design, timelines, and project grouping.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Highways and Roads > p. 3
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > ii) Phase II— > p. 4
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > National Highways Development Projects > p. 77
Golden Quadrilateral connects the four major metro cities; the East–West Corridor is a separate arterial route linking Silchar (Assam) to Porbandar (Gujarat).
Useful for map-based and comparative questions: distinguishing the route endpoints and purposes of each corridor prevents conflation of projects and supports answers on regional connectivity, trade corridors, and logistics planning.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > National Highways Development Projects > p. 77
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Highways and Roads > p. 3
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > ii) Phase II— > p. 4
Bharatmala envisages development of economic corridors that, together with the Golden Quadrilateral and North–South/East–West corridors, will carry the majority of road freight.
Important for current affairs and infrastructure policy questions: shows how older NHDP components interface with newer central programmes, aiding answers on scheme integration, freight movement strategy, and national logistics planning.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Bharatmala Pariyojana – 'Road' to country's infrastructure development > p. 79
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Transformation of Roads & Goverment Initiatives > p. 10
The planned East–West Corridor is specified to run between Silchar in Assam and Porbandar in Gujarat, defining its terminal cities.
High-yield for mapping and infrastructure questions: knowing exact corridor endpoints helps distinguish similar-sounding northeastern and western terminals (e.g., Silchar vs Dibrugarh, Porbandar vs Surat). It connects to topics on national highways, regional connectivity and economic linkages across India.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > National Highways Development Projects > p. 77
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > ii) Phase II— > p. 4
These corridors are core components of NHDP Phase II, framing the national plan for arterial road connectivity across India.
Essential for questions on transportation policy and NHDP structure: mastering this lets aspirants answer comparative questions on phases of NHDP, major corridors and their roles in linking capitals, ports and regions. It links to logistics, regional development and exam map-based questions.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > National Highways Development Projects > p. 77
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > ii) Phase II— > p. 4
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Transformation of Roads & Goverment Initiatives > p. 10
Bharatmala envisages economic corridors that, together with the Golden Quadrilateral and NS–EW corridors, will carry the majority of road freight.
Important for policy and economy papers: understanding Bharatmala's scope clarifies how newer programmes integrate with legacy corridors to boost freight efficiency and logistics. It connects to topics on national infrastructure initiatives, PM Gati Shakti and multimodal connectivity.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Transformation of Roads & Goverment Initiatives > p. 10
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Bharatmala Pariyojana – 'Road' to country's infrastructure development > p. 79
This corridor is a major India–Myanmar–China connectivity initiative that passes through Imphal and Myanmar nodes toward Yunnan.
High-yield for UPSC because questions often ask about regional connectivity projects, their routes and geopolitical implications; it links transport geography with India’s foreign policy and regional economic integration topics, enabling answers on corridor routes, multisector benefits and constraints.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Kolkata-Kunming Corridor-A Proposed Highway > p. 80
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Kolkata-Kunming Corridor-A Proposed Highway > p. 81
The 'Crossroads' Question: Since they asked about the endpoints of the North-South and East-West corridors, the next logical question is their intersection point. They meet at Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh). Also, the Golden Quadrilateral is 5,846 km long, while the NS-EW corridors combined are 7,142 km.
The 'Geographic Efficiency' Logic: Look at Statement 3. A corridor connecting Myanmar/China to India would naturally enter through the Northeast or Bengal (Kolkata). Routing it to Varanasi (Central UP) adds unnecessary distance and bypasses the primary trade hub (Kolkata). Geographically inefficient routes in options are usually false.
Mains Link (Internal Security & IR): Connect these corridors to the 'Chicken's Neck' dilemma. The BCIM and Trilateral Highway are critical to breaking the isolation of the Northeast, reducing dependence on the Siliguri Corridor, and countering China's BRI influence in Myanmar (Kyaukpyu port).