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Q90 (IAS/2023) International Relations & Global Affairs › Global Indices, Reports & Agreements › Global migration governance Official Key

Consider the following statements : 1. Recently, all the countries of the United Nations have adopted the first-ever compact for international migration, the 'Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)'. 2. The objectives and commitments stated in the GCM are binding on the UN member countries. 3. The GCM addresses internal migration or internally displaced people also in its objectives and commitments. How many of the above statements are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 4 (None) because all three statements provided in the question are factually incorrect.

  • Statement 1 is incorrect: While the GCM was adopted by a majority of UN member states in December 2018 (Marrakesh), it was not adopted by all countries. Notable nations, including the United States, Hungary, Israel, and Australia, opted out or voted against it.
  • Statement 2 is incorrect: The GCM is explicitly designed as a non-legally binding cooperative framework. It respects national sovereignty and allows states to determine their own migration policies rather than imposing mandatory legal obligations.
  • Statement 3 is incorrect: The primary scope of the GCM is international migration. It does not specifically address internal migration or Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), as those issues are generally governed by domestic laws and other international frameworks like the "Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement."

Since none of the statements are accurate, the correct choice is "None".

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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following statements : 1. Recently, all the countries of the United Nations have adopted the first-ever compact for interna…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 8/10
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This is a 'Definition & Scope' trap disguised as a current affairs question. The GCM was major news in 2018, but asking it in 2023 tests your fundamental clarity on UN terminology ('Compact' vs 'Treaty') and geopolitical awareness (did the US sign?). It punishes superficial reading of international agreements.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Did all United Nations member states adopt the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) was adopted by United Nations Member States on 10 December 2018 and endorsed by the UN General Assembly on 19 December 2018."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the GCM "was adopted by United Nations Member States" with a date, directly addressing adoption by Member States.
  • Also notes endorsement by the UN General Assembly, indicating formal UN-level adoption process.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"On 13 July 2018 UN Member States finalized the text for the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration ... The Intergovernmental Conference to Adopt the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration will be held on 10 – 11 December in Marrakech, Morocco."
Why this source?
  • Says UN Member States finalized the text of the GCM, showing collective action by Member States in preparing the compact.
  • References the Intergovernmental Conference to Adopt the GCM on 10–11 December, linking Member States to the adoption event.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"examines the implications for the ILO’s strategic priorities in the light of the adoption in December 2018 of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) by the United Nations General Assembly."
Why this source?
  • Notes the GCM's adoption in December 2018 by the United Nations General Assembly, corroborating the timing and formal adoption.
  • Links the GCM adoption to UN processes, supporting that Member States participated in adoption.

Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: International Organisations > Chapter 4 International Organisations > p. 50
Strength: 5/5
“It was founded with the hope that it would act to stop the conflicts between states escalating into war and, if war broke out, to limit the extent of hostilities. Furthermore, since conflicts often arose from the lack of social and economic development, the UN was intended to bring countries together to improve the prospects of social and economic development all over the world. By 2011, the UN had 193 member states. These includeed almost all independent states. In the UN General Assembly, all members have one vote each. In the UN Security Council, there are five permanent members. These are: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and China.”
Why relevant

Gives the total number of UN member states (193), which is the denominator for any claim that 'all UN member states' adopted something.

How to extend

A student could compare an adoption list or count for the GCM against this 193 total to see if it equals 'all' members.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 8: Inclusive growth and issues > 8.15 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) > p. 278
Strength: 4/5
“The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. The 17 SDGs are integrated that is, they recognize that action in one area will affect outcomes in others, and that development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability. Through the pledge to Leave No One Behind, countries have committed to fast-track progress for those furthest behind first. That is why the SDGs are designed to bring the world to several life-changing 'zeros', including zero poverty, hunger, AIDS and discrimination against women and girls.”
Why relevant

Shows that some major global agreements (the SDGs) were explicitly adopted by all UN member states, providing a clear example and standard for what 'adopted by all UN member states' looks like.

How to extend

Use this as a template: check official UN records to see whether the GCM adoption statement mirrors the SDGs' 'adopted by all members' wording or whether it names a smaller group.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 21: Sustainable Development and Climate Change > CHAPTER SUMMARY > p. 607
Strength: 3/5
“Sustainable Development and Climate Change • Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) eight goals set by 189 UN member states in 2000 - after the UN Millennium Declaration. • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) replaced MDGs adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030 2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030.”
Why relevant

Reiterates that SDGs were adopted by all UN member states, reinforcing that some instruments can have unanimous member adoption.

How to extend

A student could treat unanimous SDG adoption as the benchmark and verify whether GCM documents state a similar unanimous adoption or list specific signatories.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > Kunming,Declaration > p. 396
Strength: 4/5
“The Kunming Declaration was adopted by over 100 countries on October X, 2020, at the first part of the virtual COP15 meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UN CBD). • This declaration asks the parties to prioritize biodiversity protection in terms of decision-making and recognizing the importance of conservation in protecting human health. The adoption of this declaration aims to create momentum for a new global biodiversity pact.”
Why relevant

Provides a contrasting example where a global declaration (Kunming) was adopted by 'over 100 countries' — showing that many UN-related agreements are adopted by subsets, not necessarily all members.

How to extend

Use this pattern to suspect the GCM might likewise have been adopted by a subset; check the number of adopting/signatory states against the UN membership total.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.

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Statement analysis

This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.

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Statement analysis

This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.

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